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micro chap1
micro chap1
107
Microbiology
Undergraduate 1
03/06/2013

Additional Microbiology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
  1. Scientific nomenclature assigns each organism 2 names:

______________ and ______________.

Definition
Genus and species
Term

 

Name 7 types of microorganisms.

Definition
Bacteria, Archae, Fundus, Protozoa, viruses, Microscopic algae, Multicellal parasite
Term
Bacteria divide by
Definition
Binary fission
Term
Bacterial cell walls contain
Definition
Peptidoglycan
Term

 

  1. The 3 domains are _____________, ______________, and _____________.

 

Definition
Bacteria, Archae, Eukarya
Term

 

  1. Spontaneous generation says that living organisms arise from _____________ ________________.

 

Definition
Non living matter
Term

 

  1. Biogenesis means that living organisms arise from _____________ __________.

 

Definition
Pre-existing life
Term

 

  1. _________________ finally disproved spontaneous generation.

 

Definition
Louis Pasteur
Term

 

  1. _________________ saw “animacules”.

 

Definition
Anton Van Leeuwenhoek
Term

 

  1. The __________ _____________ of _______________ stated that a disease might be caused by a microorganism.

 

 

Definition
Germ theory of disease
Term

 

  1. ________________ is the process that heats liquids just enough to kill most of the bacteria that cause spoilage.

 

Definition
Pasteurization
Term
  1. __________________ used carbolic acid to prevent postoperative infection.
Definition
Lister
Term
  1. __________________ advocated hand washing to prevent the spread of disease.
Definition
Semmelweis
Term
  1. __________________ established a sequence of experimental steps for proving that a specific organism causes a specific disease.
Definition
koch
Term
  1. These steps are known as _________ ______________.
Definition
koch postulates
Term
  1. The first vaccination was for ____________ by _____________.
Definition
edward jenner
Term
  1. ___________________ found a cure for syphilis.
Definition
Ehrlich
Term
  1. ___________________ discovered the first antibiotic.
Definition
flemming
Term
  1. ___________________ is the study of bacteria.
Definition
bacteriology
Term
  1. ___________________ is the study of fungus.
Definition
mycology
Term
  1. ___________________ is the study of protozoa and parasitic worms.
Definition
parasitology
Term
  1. ___________________ is the study of immunity.
Definition
immunology
Term
  1. ___________________ is the study of viruses.
Definition
virology
Term
  1. __________________, _________________, _________________ and __________________ are beneficial activities of microorganisms.
Definition
Microbial ecology, Bio remediation, Biological insecticides, biotechnology
Term
__________________ ____________________ is a term that describes a variety of microorganisms on and inside our bodies that do us no harm
Definition
Normal Microbiota
Term

 

  1. A complex aggregation of microbes is called a _______________.

 

Definition
Biofilms
Term
  1. _______________ ________________ __________________ or EIDs refer to new diseases and diseases increasing in incidence.
Definition
Emerging Infectious Disease
Term

 

  1. ________ developed the formal system of classifying and naming organisms.

 

Definition
Carolus Linnaeus
Term
  1. A disease causing microorganism is called a ______.
Definition
pathogen
Term

 

  1. In a ________________ microscope, the object appears dark against a light background.

 

Definition
Light
Term

 

  1. In a ________________ microscope, the object appears light against a black (dark) background.

 

Definition
Dark
Term

 

  1. With a _____________ _____________ microscope, detailed examination of internal structures of living organisms is possible.

 

Definition
Phase contrast
Term
  1. In a _______________ microscope, UV light is used.
Definition
Fluorescent
Term
  1. In an ____________ microscope, a beam of electrons is used instead of light.
Definition
Electrons
Term
  1. 3 categories of stains are ___________, _______________, and ____________.
Definition
Simple, differential and special
Term
  1. With the _____________ _____________ (a differential stain), bacteria can be classified as Gram Positive or Gram Negative.
Definition
Gram stain
Term
  1. Gram Positive bacteria have a ___________color.
Definition
purple
Term
  1. Gram Negative bacteria have a ___________ color.
Definition
red/pink
Term
  1. The correct order of reagents in the Gram Stain are as follows:

_______________

_______________

_______________

_______________

 

Definition
Cristal violet
iodine
Decolorizant agent
Safranin
Term
  1. List the appearance of gram-positive bacteria after each step in the gram stain:

Crystal Violet: ________

Iodine: ______________

Decolorizer: __________

Safranin: ____________

Definition
purple
purple
purple
purple
Term
  1. List the appearance of gram-negative bacteria after each step in the gram stain:

Crystal Violet: ________

Iodine: ______________

Decolorizer: __________

Safranin: ____________

Definition

purple

purple
colorless

red

Term
  1. Three basic shapes of bacteria are _________, ___________ and _________.
Definition
Bacillus, Coccus, spiral
Term
  1. The function of the capsule (glycocalyx) is to _______ ___________.
Definition
Prevent phagocytosis
Term
  1. Some bacteria have ____________ which are used for movement.
Definition
Flagella
Term

 

  1. _____________ and ______________ are hairlike appendages.

 

Definition

Fimbrae

Pili

Term

 

    1. ____________ are used for attachment.

 

 

Definition
Fimbrae
Term
____________ are used to transfer DNA.
Definition
Pili
Term

 

  1. The _________ __________ maintains the shape of the cell.

 

Definition
Cell wall
Term
  1. The ____________ _____________ allows movement of molecules in and out of the cell.
Definition
plasma membrane
Term
  1. The ____________ is where chemical reactions occur within the cell.
Definition
cytoplasm
Term
  1. The ____________ is where chemical reactions occur within the cell.
Definition
cytoplasm
Term
  1. The _____________ contains the bacterial DNA.
Definition
nucleoid
Term
  1. ______________ are used for storage.
Definition
inclusions
Term
  1. ______________ are a “resting state” for some bacteria.
Definition
endospores
Term
  1. ______________ are pieces of DNA that are independent of the cell’s chromosomal DNA.
Definition
plasmids?
Term
  1. The requirements for bacterial growth are _______, ________, _______, ____________, and _____________.
Definition

Temperature

PH

Osmotic pressure

atmosphere

chemical requierement

Term

 

  1. __________ __________ refers to bacteria that will grow in the presence of oxygen.

 

Definition
Obligate aerobe
Term

 

  1. _________ _________ refers to bacteria that will not grow in oxygen.

 

Definition
obligate anaerobe
Term
  1. ____________ refers to bacteria that will grow in the presence or absence of oxygen.
Definition
Facultative
Term
  1. ____________ refers to bacteria that will grow in lower levels of oxygen.
Definition
Microaerophilic
Term
  1. ____________ refer to bacteria that require CO2 in amounts higher than found in the atmosphere.
Definition
capneic
Term
  1. __________, _____________, ___________ and _____________ are the stages of the bacterial growth curve in the correct order.
Definition

lag

logarithmic

stationary

death

Term

 

  1. ________________ is the phase of little activity, plentiful nutrients, and little waste.

 

Definition
Lag
Term
  1. ________________ is the phase where cellular reproduction is most active.
Definition
logarithmic
Term
  1. ________________ is a phase of equilibrium where the living cells equal the number of dying cells, nutrients are nutrients are being depleted, and waste is accumulating.
Definition
Stationary
Term
  1. _______________ is the phase where dying cells outnumber living cells, nutrients are depleted, and the environment is toxic.
Definition
death
Term
  1. The generation time is 1 hour.  Two cells will become ________ cells after 6 hours.
Definition
24
Term
An experiment began with 4 cells and ended with 128 cells. How many generations did the cells go through?
A) 64
B) 32
C) 6
D) 5
E) 4
Definition
D
Term
Site of proteins synthesis
Definition
Ribosomes
Term
Resistant to processes that kill vegetative cells
Definition
Endows poresEndows pores
Term
Most human bacterial infections involves
Definition
Biofilms
Term
The two purines are
Definition
Adenine and guanine
Term
The two pyrimidines are
Definition
Thymine, cystosine
Term
Adenine always binds with
Definition
Thymine
Term
Cystosine binds with
Definition
Guanine
Term
Three type of rnamRna
Definition
mRNA, tRNA, rRna
Term
Base substitution of a single base results inmissense
Definition

Miss sense mumutation or

nonsense mutation 

Term
On or more nucleotides pairtransferred deleted or inserted result in
Definition
Frameshift mutation
Term
2 common mutagens
Definition
Chemicals, radiation
Term
Genes are transferred from one bacterial cell to another
Definition
Transformation
Term
Genetic material directly transferred from one bacterium to another in form of plasmids
Definition
Conjugation
Term
Bacterial DNA transferred from one bacterial cell to another one inside a virus
Definition
Transduction
Term
Takes the DNA code out of the nucleoid to the ribosomes
Definition
MRna
Term
Transport amino acids to the ribosomes
Definition
tRNA
Term
Study of genes?
Definition
Genetics
Term
Segment of DNA coding functional product, usually a protein
Definition
Gene
Term

Structure containing the DNA 

structure containing the genes

Definition
Chromosome
Term
Cell genetic information?
Definition
Genome
Term
study of genome
Definition
Genomics
Term
Gene of organism
Definition
Genome
Term
Expression of the genes
Definition
Phenotype
Term
Basic unit of the DNA molecule
Definition
Nucleotide
Term
Genetic information in DNA copied into complementary based sequence RNA
Definition
Transcription
Term
Info encode in RNA used to synthesize specific proteins
Definition
Translation
Term
DNA RNA difference?
Definition

RNA ribose, single strand, contain uracil

dna deoxyribose, helix/ double strand

Term
Three base in sequence code is
Definition
Codon
Term
# codon per organism
Definition
64 coding 24 amino acids
Term
Cause Permanent change in the base sequence of DNA ?
Definition
Mutation
Term
Different kind of mutations?
Definition
NeutralNeutral, beneficial, harmful
Term
Base mutation of single base replaced by another base?
Definition
Point mutation
Term
One or more nucleotide pairs deleted or inserted during mutation?
Definition
Frameshift mutation
Term
Exchange of genes during 2 DNA molecules to obtain a new combination
Definition
Genetic recombination
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