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| All cellular chemical reactions |
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| Oxidation of nutrients, release energy captured into ATP |
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| Biosynthetic reactions, require enrgy, protein synthesis etc. |
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| Decrease activation energy |
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| The actiev site determines what? |
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| Conjugate enzymes contain |
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Definition
| A protein, cofactor, prosthetic group |
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| Cofactors consist of both |
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Definition
| organic molecules (coenzyme) and inorganic molecules (metal ion) |
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| Firmly attach to enzymes (helps all the time) |
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| breaks down matose into glucose |
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| Transported out of the cell |
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| Exoenzymes _________ nutrients causing them to split apart. |
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| Break down toxic substances to the microorganisms |
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| Secrete out toxins that injusre the host |
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| Endoenzymes are _________ enzymes |
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Definition
| metabolic (catabolism and anabolism) |
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Term
Expression of enzymes
1. Constitutive-
2. Inducible- |
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Definition
1. There all the time (absolutely required)
2. synthesized only when needed |
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Term
| For every _______ there must be a _________. |
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| Shuttle electrons from one molecule to another |
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| Final electron acceptors- |
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| Loss of tertiary structure |
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| Metabolic pathways are a __________ of events |
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| Metabolic pathways form a |
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| Rate of the metabolic pathway determined by the ______________. (pacemaker) |
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| Enzyme takes in fake enzyme and block off site |
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| Fake enzyme changes shape of active site |
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| Too many enzymes, stop making them |
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| Really short on enzymes, make more |
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| Energy produced and used by cells |
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| Energy released and captured when nutrients are oxidized |
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| Redox reactions generate _____________ |
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| Redox generating chemical energy (3 steps) |
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Definition
1. Oxidation of nutrient
2. Electrons picked up by electron carriers
3. Reduce final electron acceptor |
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Term
| Two types of electron carriers |
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Definition
NAD-> NADH-> catabolic rxns
NADP-> NADPH-> anabolic rxns |
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| Electron carriers are _______ in the membrane |
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Definition
| o2, ATP is produced by oxidative phosphorylation |
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Definition
| NO3, SO4, CO3, ATP produced |
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Definition
| Pyruvate, ATP produced by substrate level phosphorylation |
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Term
| ATP is generated by what type of rxns? and used by what type of rxns? |
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| Energy is stored in what type of bonds? |
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| During the prepatory stage of glycolysis (3) |
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Definition
| Uses 2 molecules of ATP, no oxidation occured, no ATP produced |
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Definition
Make 4 molecules of ATP, Reduce 2 NAD->NADH
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Term
| Stage three of glycolysis |
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Definition
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Definition
| Reduction of pyruvate, fermentation products are used to ID bacteria |
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| Aerobic respiration yields |
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| Oxidative Phosphorylation is the |
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