Term
Treponema*:
T. pallidum
G- |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
tick borne
relapsing fever, Lyme disease |
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Term
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Definition
leptospirosis (passed through urine/water).
parasitic, infect animals & humans
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Term
Campylobacter
C. jejuni
G- |
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Definition
food/milk/waterborne
gastroenteritis |
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Term
Helicobacter:.
H. pylori
G- |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
found in soil, water, and plants. survive in hospital equipment, I.V. tubing, dialysis machines, water lines
? |
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Term
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Definition
serious infections in humans
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Term
Legionella
Gram Negative Bacteria |
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Definition
| rods, single or in pairs, fastidious, found in water and equipment which is in contact with soil and/or water mist or vapor (A/C units, cooling towers, hot water lines, humidifiers etc.) |
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Term
L. pneumophila
Gram Negative Bacteria |
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Definition
| is an opportunistic pathogen causing a fatal pneumonia in immunocompromised individuals. Sensitive to tetracyclines |
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Term
Bordetella
Gram Negative Bacteria |
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Definition
non motile bacilli, capsules formed.
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Term
B. pertussis
Gram Negative Bacteria |
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Definition
| colonizes nasopharynx and trachea in humans. It is the causative agent of "whooping cough". Erythromycin sensitive. Vaccine available |
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Term
Neisseria
Gram Negative Bacteria |
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Definition
aerobic/microaerophillic, diplococci, parasites of human mucous membranes. Penicillin & cephalosporin sensitive.
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Term
N. gonorrhea:
Gram Negative Bacteria |
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Definition
sexually transmitted gonococcal urethritis
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Term
N. meningitidis:
Gram Negative Bacteria |
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Definition
meningococcal meningitis (airborne). Growth in candle jar.
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Term
Brucella:
Gram Negative Bacteria |
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Definition
nonmotile coccobacilli, zoonotic (parasites of humans and animals: cattle, goats, pigs, dogs).
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Term
B. melitensis
Gram Negative Bacteria |
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Definition
produces infection known as brucellosis (undulant fever). Acquired from direct contact with animals or contaminated animal products.
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Term
B. abortus, B suis, B. canis.
Gram Negative Bacteria |
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Definition
Tetracycline & streptomycin sensitive.
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Term
ENTEROBACTERIACEA
Gram Negative Bacteria |
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Definition
| Also known as the "enteric bacteria", inhabit the intestines of humans and animals, many are motile, most ferment glucose, posses pili (fimbrae), may interchange plasmids, posses endotoxins. This group includes commensals, opportunistic pathogens, and primary pathogens |
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Term
Escherichia: common inhabitant of intestines,
E. coli
Gram Negative Bacteria |
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Definition
used as a research tool and indicator organism for presence of fecal contamination in food and water. Ferment glucose, lactose, sucrose, some strains may cause urinary tract infections and gastroenteritis. Often the main causative agent of opportunistic/nosocomial infections. Tetracycline/erythromycin /ampicillin sensitive. |
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Term
Serratia:
Gram Negative Bacteria |
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Definition
| opportunistic pathogen, produces red colony pigments, frequently associated with nosocomial infections. May cause urinary and serious respiratory infections in weakened hosts. May colonize catheters, saline solutions, and other similar objects. Not sensitive to ampicillin |
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Term
Klebsiella:
Gram Negative Bacteria
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Definition
produces distinct capsules and mucoid colonies. Frequent opportunistic nosocomial pathogen, causes pneumonias and septicemias which may be potentially fatal.
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Term
Proteus:
Gram Negative Bacteria |
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Definition
highly motile by peritrichous flagella, form a "swarming" colony on agar media. Frequent cause of opportunistic and nosocomial urinary, wound, and respiratory infections. |
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Term
Enterobacter:
Gram Negative Bacteria
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Definition
produce capsules, mucoid colonies, are distinguished from Klebsiella sps. by various culture/biochemical tests. Cause nosocomial/opportunistic urinary and respiratory infections. |
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Term
Salmonella
Gram Negative Bacteria
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Definition
primary pathogens, cause gastroenteritis, salmonellosis, typhoid fever. Incapable of lactose fermentation, produce hydrogen sulfide. Many species exist, (over 2000 varieties called serovars, I.D. by antibody testing). |
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Term
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S. typhi
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S. dublin
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S. arizonae
Gram Negative Bacteria |
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Definition
all important pathogens. Some strains are able to colonize hosts and produce carrier states (e.g. Typhoid Mary). Transmitted by fecal contamination of food and water; flies, raw milk, meats, and poultry (+ eggs). Ampicillin / Chloramphenicol / Trimethoprim sensitive. [Destroyed by boiling or cooking at temperatures above 700C (160 0F).]
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Term
Shigella: similar to Salmonella in non‑utilization of lactose. Pathogens include:
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S. sonnei
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S. flexneri
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S. dysenteriae.
Gram Negative Bacteria |
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Definition
Causative agents of shigellosis (bacillary dysentery). Transmitted by same routes as Salmonella sps. Antibiotic sensitivity = [same as above]. |
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Term
Yersinia: Pathogens include:
- Y. pestis
- Y. enterocolita
Gram Negative Bacteria |
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Definition
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(flea borne bubonic plague and airborne pneumonic plague),
- (yersiniosis gastroenteritis transmitted by meat and milk).
Streptomycin/tetracycline sensitive. |
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Term
VIBRIONACEAE
Gram Negative Bacteria |
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Definition
Comma shaped bacilli, free living in bodies of water, motile by monotrichous flagella.
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Term
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V. cholerae
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V. parahaemolyticus
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V. vulnificans
Gram Negative Bacteria |
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Definition
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the causative agent of cholera (transmitted by contaminated food/water).
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cause gastroenteritis - food intoxications acquired by eating raw or undercooked shellfish.
- cause gastroenteritis - food intoxications acquired by eating raw or undercooked shellfish.
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Term
PASTEURELLACEAE
Gram Negative Bacteria |
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Definition
rod shaped, parasitize animals and humans. pathogens of cattle, fowl, cats and dogs. |
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Term
Hemophilus: H. influenzae
Gram Negative Bacteria |
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Definition
may inhabit nasopharynx, vagina, and intestines in humans. Produces meningitis, otitis, bronchitis, pneumonias. Requires hemolyzed blood in culture medium for growth. Rifampin sensitive. Vaccine available (Hib).
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Term
Gardnerella:
Gram Negative Bacteria |
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Definition
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Term
G. vaginalis
Gram Negative Bacteria |
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Definition
is the cause of the most common vaginitis infections. |
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Term
Bacterioides
Gram Negative Bacteria |
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Definition
species responsible for serious infections following surgery, puncture wounds, and animal & human bites. Anaerobic organisms found in intestines and mouths of humans and animals.
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Term
Rickettsia
&
Ehrlichia
Gram Negative Bacteria |
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Definition
primarily arthropod borne (fleas, lice & ticks), multiply in bloodstream and cause high fevers, rashes, and collapse. Obligate intracellular parasites, non‑motile, pleomorphic bacteria.
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Term
- R. prowazekii & R. typhi
- R. rickettsii
- Ehrlichia chafeensis
Gram Negative Bacteria |
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Definition
- cause typhus
- causes "Rocky mountain spotted fever"
- causes Human granulocytic ehrlichiosis, Tetracycline and doxycycline sensitive
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Term
Chlamydia:
Gram Negative Bacteria |
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Definition
Pathogens of humans and birds. |
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Term
C. trachomatis
Gram Negative Bacteria |
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Definition
is the leading cause of non‑gonococcal urethritis in humans (sexually transmitted) . |
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Term
C. psittaci
Gram Negative Bacteria |
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Definition
causes a serious pneumonia in birds (parrot‑fever) which may be contracted by humans handling birds or exposed to bird droppings etc.
Both Chlamydia species are sensitive to tetracyclines, / erythromycin. |
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