Domain

kingdom

phyllum

class

 order

 family

genus

species

Morphological ccharacteristic

differential staining

biochemical tests

serology

phase typing

flow cytometry 

The study of the evolutionary history of organisms

Biology The systematic classification of organisms and the evolutionary relationships among them; taxonomy

Method of identification using gram stain/acid fast staining

Method of identification determining the presence of bacterial enzymes

From birth

Provide rapid response

No memory response

first and second line of defense

Specific to microorganism

activate when immune response is inadequate

Slower response

Has a memory response

Third line of defense

Instant skin

mucous membrane

normal microbiota

Phagocytes

Inflammation

Fever

Antimicrobial substance

Chemotaxis

Adherence

ingerence

digestion

Intact skin,

Mucous membrane,

 normal microbiota

1.    __________, __________, ___________, and ___________comprise the second line of defense.

Phagocytes

inflammation

fever

antimicrobial substance

1.    The most common chemical factor in the immune response is ____.

1.    The phases of phagocytosis are __________, ___________, __________, and ___________.

Chemotaxis

Adherence

ingestion

digestion

1.                      is the study of where and when diseases occur.

1.                     is the study of a disease.

1.                     describes a relationship between 2 organisms in which one always benefits.

1.                                describes a relationship in which one organism benefits and the other organism is unaffected.

1.                              describes a relationship in which one organism benefits and the other organism is harmed.

1.                          describes a relationship where both organisms benefit.

1.                                             describes competition among microbes.

1.    Normal micobiota protect the host by                          ,                     , and -----------------------------.                                                                                  

Occupying space

Producing acid

producing bacteriocies

1.    The major significance of Koch’s postulates is                                             .

1.        The same pathogen must be present in every case of the disease.

2.        The pathogen must be isolated from the diseased host and grown in pure culture.

3.        The pathogen from the pure culture must cause the disease when it is inoculated into a healthy, susceptible laboratory animal.

4.        The pathogen must be isolated from the inoculated animal and must be shown to be the original organism

1.    List the exceptions to Koch’s postulates.

Exceptions:

If the organism cannot be grown in the laboratory on artificial media

If the disease is caused by more than one organism

If the disease only occurs in humans

If the organism causes more than one disease

incubation

prodromal

period of illness

period of decline

period of convalescense

Skin,

mucous membranes

parenteral route

normal organism in the body who does not cause disease in normal habitat in a healthy person? 

permanently colonize the host.

A communicable disease can be spead from person to person>chicken pox

A non-communicable disease is a disease that can not be spread from person to person>tetanus

Exogenous

Endogenous

Majority of pathogens have their ?

If pathogens enters the wrong portal?

Preferred portal of entry but some infectious agent can have more than one portal> Strep, staph

infection will not occur>influenza

Fraction of the population that contract a disease during a specific time

Contact

Vehicle

Vector

Direct

Indirect>objets

Droplet>airborne

mechanical>carries pathogen on feet>mosquito

Biological> pathogen reproduces in vector>larva

Microorganisms in hospital

Compromised status of the host

Chain of transmission

 3 main method of epidemiology investigation/

Descriptive

Analytical

experimental

hypotheses about common habits, places of exposure or sources can be tested and identified?

1.    The 4 groups of bacteria are:

a.    ____________

b.   ____________

c.    ____________

d.   ____________

Gram Positive Cocci

    Gram Positive Bacilli

  Gram Negative Cocci

  Gram Negative Bacilli

1.    Staph aureus is called MRSA when the _____________ is resistant.

1.    ___________ ___________ ___________ refers to a group of Staphylococcus that is normally less virulent, but can be opportunistic.

coagulase,

negative

staph

1.    _________, __________, __________, __________ and ___________ are called beta hemolytic streps.

Group A

Group B

Group C

GroupD

1.    Group _______ is of concern in pregnancy.

1.    Group _______ causes strep throat.

1.    VRE stands for __________ ____________ ______________.

1.    ________________ refers to Neisseria meningitis.

1.    ________________ refers to Neisseria gonorrhoeae.

1.    ________________ refers to Streptococcus pneumoniae.

1.    ______________ ______________ is a problem in hot tubs, saunas, and whirlpools.

1.    _____________ ______________ used to be the cause of meningitis in young children.

1.    Pseudomembraneous colitis is caused by ___________ __________.