Term
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Definition
| defense against any pathogen |
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Term
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Definition
| specific antibody and lymphocyte response to an antigen |
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Definition
| a substance that causes the body to produce specific antibodies or sensitized T cells |
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| proteins made in response to an antigen |
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Definition
| generic term for serum because it contains antibodies |
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Definition
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Definition
| serum fraction containing antibodies |
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Definition
| developed during an individuals lifetime |
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Definition
| involves antibodies produced by B cells |
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Definition
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| antibodies recognize and react with... |
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Definition
| antigenic determinants or epitopes |
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Definition
| a molecule too small to stimulate antibody formation by itself |
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Definition
| these are proteins called major histocompatibility complex molecules |
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| stem cells in bone marrow... |
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Definition
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| mature B cells migrate... |
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Definition
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| mature B cells recognizes... |
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Definition
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Definition
| macrophage ->TH (CD4+) -> B cell -> plasma cell -> antibody |
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Definition
| memory -> plasma cell -> antibody |
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Definition
don't require T cells to be activated
(few antigens are T-independent) |
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Definition
| reduces number of infectious units to be dealt with |
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Definition
| coating antigen with antibody enhances phagocytosis |
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Definition
| causes inflammation and cells lysis |
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Term
| antibody-dependent cytotoxicity |
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Definition
| antibodies attached to target cell causes destruction by macrophages, eosinophils, and NK cells |
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Term
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Definition
-secrete antibodies
-short-lived (several days max)
-secrete large amount of antibodies (2000 molecules/sec) |
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Term
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Definition
-some clones form memory cells
-long-lived
-remain as memory cells until 2nd exposure to antigen |
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Term
| T Helper Cells (CD4+, TH) |
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Definition
| TH1= Activate cells related to cell-mediated immunity |
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Term
| T Helper Cells (CD4+, TH) |
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Definition
| TH2= Activate B cells to produce eosinophils, IgM & IgE |
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Term
| T regulatory cells (Treg) |
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Definition
| Turn off immune response when antigens no longer present |
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Term
| T Cytotoxic Cells (CD8+, TC) |
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Definition
| Destroy target cells with perforin (punches hole in cell; contents leak out) |
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Term
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Definition
| Lymphocytes that destroy virus-infected cells, tumor |
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Term
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Definition
| Inoculation of smallpox into skin (as early at 1000 A.D., China; England 1721) |
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Definition
| Inoculation of cowpox into skin (1796) |
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Definition
live attenuated= weakened living cells
1) advantage – these tend to mimic an actual infection & give better immune response
2) disadvantage – can mutate into virulent form |
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Inactivated killed vaccine
1) advantage – can't cause disease
2) disadvantage – immunity usually not as strong |
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Definition
| antigenic fragments best suited to stimulating an immune response |
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Term
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Definition
| portion of antigen combined with proteins to enhance their effectiveness |
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Term
| Direct Agglutination Reactions – Antibody Titer |
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Definition
| Determine concentration of antibodies against a particular antigen |
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Term
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Definition
| Eliminate the harmful effect of a virus or exotoxin |
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