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| bacillus vs. clostridium: aerobe, anaerobe...? |
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bacillus: obligate aerobe
clostridium: obligate anaerobe |
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| 3 proks that are obligate intracellular parasites |
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rickettsia
coxiella
chlamydia |
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| proks without a cell wall |
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| do acid fast bacteria have an outer cell membrane? |
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| in proks, _ serves a function similar to that of glycogen in euks |
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| poly alpha-hydroxy-butyrate |
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| extensions of prokaryotic membrane are aka _ |
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| cell wall synthesis proteins may be found where? |
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| cell wall is present in all bacteria except _ which includes ... |
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| mollicutes (which include mycoplasma and ureaplasma) |
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| 3 kinds of cells without cell walls |
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| spheroplasts (g-) protoplasts (g+) L-forms |
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| L-forms are bactera without cell walls produced _ _ by action of _ |
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| crosslinkage of peptidoglycan's tetrapeptides is done by enzymes called _ which are the drug target of _ |
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transpeptidases
beta-lactams e.g. PCN |
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| lysoszyme disrupts _ linkages |
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| peptidoglycan structure _ & _ in repeating chains, with _ crosslinkages |
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n-acetyl muraminic acid NAM
n-acetyl glucosamine NAG
tetrapeptide |
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| the outer membrane of g-'s has two Lipo-compounds, one facing out, the other facing in |
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lipopolysaccharide
lipoprotein |
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| endotoxins vs. exotoxins and heat |
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| lipopolysaccharide is aka _ and includes 3 components |
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endotoxin
lipid A
core polysaccharide
O antigen |
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| lipoprotein of g- does what? |
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| links outer membrane to peptidoglycan layer |
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| between outer and cytoplasmic membranes is the _ _ |
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| _ _ anchors g+ cell wall to cytoplasmic membrane |
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| acid fast bacteria 2 details about their cell envelope |
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thick peptidoglycan layer
which contains mycolic acids |
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| acid fast bacteria include (4) |
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mycobacteria (e.g. m. tuberculosis and m. leprae)
some actinomycetes |
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| _ have substances in their cell wall that allow them to survive and grow within macrophages for years |
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| for bacteria to move forward, their flagella rotate _ |
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| pili are useful as sex pili, or else for _ (e.g. in _ & _) |
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adherence
neisseria gonorrhoeae
e coli |
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| bacteria with a capsule are protected from phagocytosis and in order for it to occur you need _ which _ it |
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| encapsulated bacteria examples: 2 with a polysaccharide capsule, 2 with a polypeptide capsule |
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streptococcus pneumoniae, klebsiella pneumoniae
bacillus anthracis, yersinia pestis |
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| hyaluronidase is notably produced by _ _ |
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| endospores are only produced by ~ |
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| g+ rods of bacillus and clostridium |
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| diseases associated with endospores |
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| anthrax, tetanus, gas gangrene, botulism |
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| sporulation involves 4 changes |
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cortex around DNA
drying to <20% water content
accumulation of calcium and dipicolinic acid |
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g - enteric rod
obligate aerobe |
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g - enteric rod
obligate anaerobe |
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g - enteric rod
obligate anaerobe |
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g - enteric rod
obligate anaerobe |
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g - enteric rod
facultative anaerobe |
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g - enteric rod
facultative anaerobe |
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g - enteric rod
facultative anaerobe |
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g - enteric rod
facultative anaerobe |
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g - enteric rod
facultative anaerobe |
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g - enteric rod
facultative anaerobe |
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treponema
borrelia
leptospira |
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| actinomycetes include (4) |
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mycobacterium
actinomyces
nocardia
streptomyces |
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| 3 g + nonsporulating rods |
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corynebacterium
listeria
erysipelothrix |
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e coli
salmonella
shigella
klebsiella
proteus
vibrio
pseudomonas
bacteroides
fusobacterium
mycoplasma |
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spirillum
pasteurella
brucella
yersinia
francisella
haemophilus
bordetella
legionella |
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| g - enteric obligate anaerobes (3) |
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bacteroides
fusobacterium
mycoplasma |
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| g - enteric rod obligate aerobe (1) |
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