Term
| why is a mother more at risk when pregnant (2) |
|
Definition
immunity is down regulated
certian infections worsen or re-activate |
|
|
Term
| what is evidence of immunity down regulation in pregnancy |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are 6 common infections in pregnant women |
|
Definition
| candididasis, UTI, influenza, malaria, listeriosis, conccidioldomycosis |
|
|
Term
| why are babies more susceptiable to infection |
|
Definition
| fetus has poor immune defenses (little IgM, slow CMI, delayed IgM/IgA response) |
|
|
Term
| when is a baby most susceptible to congenital problems |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are antenatal infections |
|
Definition
transplacental introduction
TORCH, listeriosis |
|
|
Term
| what are the intrapartum infections |
|
Definition
passage through birth canal
STIs |
|
|
Term
| what musch a pregnant women be vaccinated for (3) |
|
Definition
infleunza, rubella
sypilis is easy screened and treated with penicillin so find and fix it asap |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
useless
expensive
false impression (do not cover most of the microbes) |
|
|
Term
| what are the three catagories of congenital infection bugs |
|
Definition
DNA viruses (mostly dsDNA)
+RNA viruses
bacteria/protozoa |
|
|
Term
| what are the 4 congenital DNA viruses |
|
Definition
herpes virus
hep B virus
parvovirus D19 (5th's disease) (ssDNA)
papillomairidae (HPV) |
|
|
Term
| what are the 4 herpes viruses |
|
Definition
cytomegalovirus (CMV)
herpes simplex virus (HSV)
varicella zoster (VZV)
epstine barr virus (EBV/mono) |
|
|
Term
| what are the 5 congenital +RNA viruses |
|
Definition
togavirus: rubella (german measles)
orthomyxocirus: influenza
EEE
VEE
WEE |
|
|
Term
| what are the 5 congenital bacteria |
|
Definition
GBS
listeria
coccidioidomycosis
syphilis
toxoplasmosis |
|
|
Term
| what are 7 early signs of a congenital infection |
|
Definition
intruterine growth retardation (not in toxoplasmosis)
hepatitis
hepatosplenomeagly
thrombocytopenia
anemia
unusual rash (blueberry muffin)
infection signs |
|
|
Term
| what are 5 later in life signs of a congenital infection |
|
Definition
hearing impairment
eye problems
mental retardation
autism
death |
|
|
Term
| coccidioidomycosis immitis: disease name, type of bug, location |
|
Definition
valley fever
dimorphic fungi
SW desert |
|
|
Term
| coccidiodomycosis immitis: signs of infection(3) |
|
Definition
mild respiratory illness normally
systemic in pregnacy increasing in dissemination with trimester
open gumma like lesions |
|
|
Term
| listeria monocytogenes: type of bug, transmission |
|
Definition
gram positive rod
undercooked deli or hot dogs, raw milk |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| miscarriage, premature labor, stillbirth |
|
|
Term
| GBS: type of bug, transmission |
|
Definition
gram positive cocci
vaginal flora (birth canal) |
|
|
Term
| GBS: signs of infection (3) |
|
Definition
| neonatal pneumonia, meningitis, sepsis |
|
|
Term
| toxoplasmosis: type of bug |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| toxoplasmosis: transmission (3), level of risk |
|
Definition
inhalation of cyst in cat litter: low risk for indoor cat, takes 24 hours for cyst to be infectious
raw meat (pork), garden products |
|
|
Term
| signs of toxoplasmosis in baby (7) |
|
Definition
70-90% asymptomatic
chorioretinitis
hydrocephalys
intracranial calcifications
hepatosplenomeagly
jaundice
thrombocytopenia |
|
|
Term
| treponema pallidum: disease name, type of bug, transmission (2) |
|
Definition
syphilis
spirochete
sex and in utero |
|
|
Term
| what are the 4 categories of syphilis symptoms in baby |
|
Definition
60% asymptomatic
fetal effects
early effects
late effects |
|
|
Term
| what are the fetal effects of syphilis in baby(3) |
|
Definition
| stillbirth, neonatal death, hydrops fetalis |
|
|
Term
| what are the early effects of syphilis in baby (5) |
|
Definition
maculopapular rash on palms and soles
jaundice
anemia
thrombocytopenia
snuffles |
|
|
Term
| what are snuffles, what disease are they seen in |
|
Definition
syphilis
syphilitic rhinitis and sores causing scaring around the mouth |
|
|
Term
| what are the late effects of syphilis in baby (5) |
|
Definition
hutchinsons triad
frontal al bossing: prominent forehead
saddle nose: cartiladge degeneration, collapsed nose
mulberry molars
sabre shins |
|
|
Term
| what is the hutchinson's triad, what disease is it in |
|
Definition
syphilis
deafness, hutchinson's teeth, interstitial keratitis(corneal scaring) |
|
|
Term
| congenital rubella syndrome: transmission, timing of infection |
|
Definition
inhaled respiratory droplets
high risk of malformation in first 16 weeks of pregnancy |
|
|
Term
| signs of rubella in baby (14) |
|
Definition
hearing loss
bone disease
patent ductus arteriosus*
pulmonary stenosis*
intellectual dissability
intrauterine growth retardation
stillbirth
spontaneous abortion
cataracts********
microcephaly
blueberry muffin lesions********
meningocephalitis
thrombocytopenia
hepatosplenomeagly |
|
|
Term
| what does a blueberry muffin lesion look like, what disease is it in, what is the cause |
|
Definition
rubella
papular at first then flat in a few hours
due to extramedullary hematopoesis |
|
|
Term
| what is the treatment for rubella |
|
Definition
| none, vaccinate before pregnancy (live virus cannot do it during) |
|
|
Term
| how is CMV acquired in baby |
|
Definition
40% due to primary infection in mom
<1% due to secondary infection in mom |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
mono like
mild
self limiting |
|
|
Term
| signs of CMV in baby (13) |
|
Definition
90% asymptomatic
unilateral sensorineural hearing loss
vision impairment
small for gestational age
developmental delay
hepatosplenomeagly
petechiae
jaundice
chorioretinitis
microcephaly
periventricular calcifications
ventriculomeagly
neurological deficits |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| infected birth canal if mom has active lesions (avoid via c section) |
|
|
Term
| what can increase the transmission of HSV to baby |
|
Definition
| mom having a HSV primary infection |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
mostly asymptomatic at birth
mucocutaneous vesicles of scaring
CSF pleocytosis
conjunctivits/keratoconjunctivitis
thrombocytopenia
elevated liver enzymes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| blueberry muffin rash rubella |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| coccidiodomycosis immitis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| hsv mucocutaneous vesicles |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| hutchinsons teeth syphilis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| maculopapular rash syphilis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| periventricular calcifications and ventriculomeagly - CMV |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| toxoplasmosis corioretinitis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| toxoplasmosis hydrocephalus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| toxoplasmosis intracranial calcifications |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| why does rubella vaccination need to be given before pregnancy |
|
Definition
it is live attenuated vaccine
may hurt baby |
|
|
Term
| why dont we vaccinate for flu in pregnancy |
|
Definition
| we do! trick question. just use a killed vaccine. |
|
|
Term
| rubella is transmitted by respiratory droplets, what are the other togaviruses transmitted by |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the two warnings an eye problem is an eye emergency |
|
Definition
extreme pain
loss of vision |
|
|
Term
| what are 12 symptoms that with combined with red eye make it a vision emergency |
|
Definition
extreme pain
loss of vision
corneal perforation or opacity
corneal ulcer
corneal edema
photophobic
fixed pupil
headache
nausea
ciliary flush
severe foreign body sensation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| inflammation of conjunctiva and periorbital mucous membrane |
|
|
Term
| wwhat are 4 general signs of conjunctivitis |
|
Definition
red eye
puritis
foreign body sensation
discharge - sticky, crusty, purulent |
|
|
Term
| what are 5 non-infectious causes of conjunctivitis |
|
Definition
allergen
irritant
trauma
autoimmune
neoplastic |
|
|
Term
| what 5 viruses cause conjunctivitis |
|
Definition
adenovirus
hsv
vzv
enterovirus
coxackie virus |
|
|
Term
| what are 4 signs of adenovirus conjunctivitis |
|
Definition
follicle swelling
watery mucoud dischaege
conjunctival inflammation
associated with URI (pharyngitis, fever, malaise) |
|
|
Term
| what is follicle swelling, when is it seen |
|
Definition
| avascular lymphoidal semi-transluecent nodules on conjunctiva caused by viruses and chlamydia |
|
|
Term
| what are 5 signs of HSV conjunctivitis |
|
Definition
vurning sensation
palpable pre-auricular node
mucoid drainage
photophobia
vesseicls on eyelid or margin |
|
|
Term
| what is a complication of HSV conjunctivitis |
|
Definition
| HSV keratitis: dendritic ulcer corneal lesions in trigeminal distribution |
|
|
Term
| what is a complication of VZV conjunctivitis |
|
Definition
can transition to keratoconjunctivitis
treat agressivly, harmful to eye |
|
|
Term
| what is a sign of enterovirus or cosackie virus conjunctivits |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the 7 bacterial causes of conjunctivitis |
|
Definition
rubella
strep pneumo
staph aureus
influenza
moraxella cararrhalis
chalmydia trachomatis
neisseria gonorrhea |
|
|
Term
| how do you get rubella conjunctivitis |
|
Definition
| infection of conjunctiva through the blood |
|
|
Term
| what is more common; bacterial, viral, or non-infectious conjunctivitis |
|
Definition
| bacteria > viral > non-infectious |
|
|
Term
| how can strep, staph, or influenza conjunctivitis be identified |
|
Definition
stye
sticky eye in neonates |
|
|
Term
| what are two signs of bacterial conjunctivitis |
|
Definition
papillae swelling
mucopurlent discharge: thick, globular, crusty
note: no itching (puritis), photophobia, decreased vision |
|
|
Term
| what is papillae swelling, what causes it |
|
Definition
| fibrovascular papilla caused by bacteria or irritation |
|
|
Term
| general characteristics of chalmydia: where does it live, about the cell |
|
Definition
obligate intracellular
infects mucosal epithelium (urethra, eye, lung)
atypical - no cell wall |
|
|
Term
| what are the three types of chalmydias |
|
Definition
chlamydia trachomatis
chlamydophlia pneumpnia
chlamydophlia psittaci |
|
|
Term
| what are the thee groups of serotypes of chlamydia trachomatis and the general infections they caise |
|
Definition
A, B, C: trachoma in newborns and elderly
D-K: pneumonia in neonates, urethritis, conjunctivitis
L1-L3L: lymphogranuloma venerium (STIs) |
|
|
Term
| what is the chlamydophlia serotype, what does it cause |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the number one cause of blindness in the world, how is it acquired |
|
Definition
chlamydia trachomatis
birth canal, poor hygiene |
|
|
Term
| how does chlamydia trachomatis cause blindness |
|
Definition
| inflammation from infection causes mononuclear infiltration that makes scar tissue that scares cornea when eyelashes pull back and slide across it |
|
|
Term
| explain the life cycle of chalydmia |
|
Definition
infectious, invisible, elementary bodies penetrate epithelial cell
transforms into initial/reticular body that is visible but not infectious
vegetative RB form infectious elementary bodies which are released to infect again |
|
|
Term
| what are the three main signs of gonococcal conjunctivitis |
|
Definition
severe sight threatning fulminant hyperacute course
may have genitourinary symptoms
fountain of puss sign |
|
|
Term
| what are 5 possible systemic complications of gonococcal conjunctivitis |
|
Definition
| skin lesions, endocarditis, arthritis, GU damage, opothalmia neonatorum |
|
|
Term
| how is gonococcal conjunctivitis diagnosed |
|
Definition
gram stain: intracellular gram negative diplococci
history and course of disease |
|
|
Term
| what are the three major complications of gonococcal conjunctivitis |
|
Definition
corneal rupture and perforation
ulcerative keratitis
vision loss within 24 hours |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| superificial or deep inflammation of the cornea |
|
|
Term
| what are 8 general signs of keratitis |
|
Definition
red eye
painful eye
corneal ulcer
corneal edema
foreign body sensation
tearing
photophobia
vision changes |
|
|
Term
| what are 6 risk factors / non-infectious causes of keratitis |
|
Definition
contact lens irritation
antigen response to local or systemic infection
corneal surgery
corneal trauma
corneal abnormalities
tear deficiencies |
|
|
Term
| what are 4 viral causes of keratitis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how does HSV appear in conjunctivitis, how is it diagnosed |
|
Definition
follicular conjunctivitis
periorbital vesicles
corneal ulcer with flyorescin uptake and dendritic pattern |
|
|
Term
| what are 3 signs of VZV opthalmicus (keratitis) |
|
Definition
pseudo-dendeitic corneal ulcer
epithelial signs in trigeminal distribution
concurrent iritis |
|
|
Term
| what are the 2 bacterial causes of keratitis |
|
Definition
staph aureus
pseudomonas aeruginosa |
|
|
Term
| how is staph aureus keratitis identified |
|
Definition
gram positive cocci in clusters
coaglusae positive
catalase negative |
|
|
Term
| how is pseudomonas aeruginosa keratitis acquired, what other disease does it cause |
|
Definition
contact lens or lesn solution
hospital acquired pneumonia |
|
|
Term
| what are 4 non bacterial or viral microbes that cause keratitis |
|
Definition
aspergillus
acanthameoba
onchocerciasis
loa loa |
|
|
Term
| how does aspergillus keratitis appear |
|
Definition
| feathery edged elevated lesion that looks like a cloud coming from the cornea |
|
|
Term
| how does acanthameeoba conjunctivitis appear |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what causes african river blindness |
|
Definition
| onchocera volvus (filarial worm) transmitted by black fly releases Wolbachia symbiant into people |
|
|
Term
| what is the african eye worm, how is it spread, where is it in the body |
|
Definition
| Loa loa spreads from deer fly and moves from subcutaneous tissue to conjunctiva |
|
|
Term
| what are two signs of loa loa |
|
Definition
calabar swelling: eye swelling
filaria seen in eye |
|
|
Term
| flaviviruses: genome type, enveloped? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
yellow fever
dengue
west nile
japanese encephalitis
hepatitis C |
|
|
Term
| how many strains of dengue are there |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the primary dengue infection called, what are three symptoms |
|
Definition
break bone fever
high fever
prostration
muscle and bone pain |
|
|
Term
| what is the secondary dengue infection called, what are 5 symptoms |
|
Definition
dengue hemorrhagic fever
high fever
rash from skin hemorrhage
severe vomiting
shock
death |
|
|
Term
| how do you get breakbone fever |
|
Definition
| ades mosquito injects virus of any strain |
|
|
Term
| how do you get dengue hemorrhagic fever |
|
Definition
| re-infection with a different strain |
|
|
Term
| what is the treatment for dengue |
|
Definition
none, supportive
no vaccine |
|
|
Term
| what are the two hepatocyte damage indicators, where are they located |
|
Definition
alanine transaminase (ALT): liver
aspartate transaminase (AST): liver, heart, muscle |
|
|
Term
| what are the two ductal/canicular damage indicators, when are they high |
|
Definition
alkaline phosphatase (ALP): in kids because it is located in liver and bone and they are growtin
gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT): in chronic alcoholics |
|
|
Term
| why does bilirubin indicate liver function |
|
Definition
RBC degrdation product that should be cleated by the liver
increases with time of damage |
|
|
Term
| why do clotting factors indicate liver function |
|
Definition
| in damage they will make less and prothrombin/clotting time will increase |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how does hepatitis damage the liver |
|
Definition
body kills cells with hepatitis in them causing release of hepatic damage markers
as the liver is more damaged the canliculi swells and becomes damaged increasing ductal damage markers |
|
|
Term
| why do kids get less liver damage in hepatitis |
|
Definition
| because they body kills the liver cells and they don't have as good of an immune system |
|
|
Term
| explain the damage process of a bile duct block |
|
Definition
blockage prevents bilirubin excretion and damages canicular cells releasing ductal damage markers
later hepatocytes incur damage and release hepatocyte damage markers |
|
|
Term
| what type of virus is hepatitis A and A, what is their genome like |
|
Definition
A: picornovirus
E: hepevirus
RNA |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| fecal oral, floods, pigs, boars, people |
|
|
Term
| what are the symptoms of hep A or E in kids |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the symptoms of hep A or E in adults |
|
Definition
| flu like, could have jaundice or icterus |
|
|
Term
| what are complications of hep A or E |
|
Definition
| none. no chronic carriers, self limiting |
|
|
Term
| how is hep A detected (antbody timing) |
|
Definition
viral window 0-1mo
anti-HAV IgM: 1-4.5mo
anti-HAV IgG: >1mo+ |
|
|
Term
| what is the treatment for hep A |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| hep B virus type and genome |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| hep D virus type and genome |
|
Definition
| defective RNA containing virus like particle |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| mucous, body fluids, blood, congenital, percutaneous |
|
|
Term
| what are the 3 hepatitis B antigens, which are protective |
|
Definition
HBcoreAg - not
HBsurfaceAg - protective
HBeAg - virulent |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| anyone who has been infected |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| everyone infected or vaccinated that cleared the infection |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| everyone who was infected but is not not contagious |
|
|
Term
| what are the general or initial symptoms of hep B |
|
Definition
| flu like with jaundice and icterus |
|
|
Term
| what are the complications of heb B and the chances of getting them |
|
Definition
20% chronic carrier (90% of infants)
20% chirrhosis
20% hepatocarcinoma |
|
|
Term
| what antigens and antibodies does someone with acute hep b have |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what antigens and antibodies does someone with chronic infective Heb B have |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what antigoes and antibodies does someone with chronic non-infective heb B have |
|
Definition
HBsAg
anti-HBeAg
anti-HBcAg IgG |
|
|
Term
| what antigens and antibodies does someone recovering from hep B have |
|
Definition
anti-HBsAg
anti-HBeAg
anti-HBcAg IgG |
|
|
Term
| what antigens and antibodies does someone immunized for hep B have |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| hep C genome and virus type |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
percutaneous blood and needle stick
mucosal sex - low risk
congenital - low risk |
|
|
Term
| what are the symptoms and complicationgs of hep C |
|
Definition
90% asymptomatic chronic carriers
complications: chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis |
|
|
Term
| what are the conditions for uncomplicated diarrhea (5) |
|
Definition
abdominal bloating and cramos
thin, loose, or watery stool
BM urgency
nausea
vomiting |
|
|
Term
| what are the conditions for complicated diarrhea (4) |
|
Definition
blood
mucous
weight loss
fever |
|
|
Term
| what are the 4 viruses that cause diarrhea |
|
Definition
rotavirus
norovirus
enterovirus |
|
|
Term
| what is the #1 cause of diarrhea |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the #1 cause of diarrhea in kids |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the #1 cause of diarrhea in the USA |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what causes the typical 24 hour diarrhea |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| rotavirus: nevelope?, shape, genome |
|
Definition
non enveloped
icosahederal
dsRNA |
|
|
Term
| norovirus: virus type, shape, genoma |
|
Definition
cliciviridae
icosahederal
ssRNA |
|
|
Term
| enteroviruses: virus type, shape, genome |
|
Definition
picornaviridae
icosahederal
+ssRNA |
|
|
Term
| what signs define enteroviruses |
|
Definition
| non-GI symptoms too: myocarditis, meningitis, diabetes |
|
|
Term
| what is the transmission or norovirus |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the typical incubuation and duration for viral gastroenteritis |
|
Definition
infubation 1-2 days
duration 1-10 days |
|
|
Term
| define viral gastroenteritis |
|
Definition
| inflammation of stomach and intestines |
|
|
Term
| what are 5 symptoms of viral gastroenteritis |
|
Definition
| diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, fever, cramps |
|
|
Term
| what does increased bilirubin indicate |
|
Definition
increased liver damage
decreased liver function
increased lots in blockage of duct |
|
|
Term
| what is the #1 cause of liver cancer and transplant in the USA |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what defines acute diarrhea |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what defines chronic diarrhea |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what defines mild diarrhea |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what defines moderate diarrhea |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what defines severe diarrhea |
|
Definition
| 4+ stools a day with fever or dehydration |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ingestion of substance with bacterial toxin or protein |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| bacterial growth after ingestion of live bacteria |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| sepsis originating in the SI |
|
|
Term
| how can you identify an enterotoxin |
|
Definition
| causes watery diarrhea by affecting mucosal secretion (non-inflammatory) |
|
|
Term
| how can you identify a cytotoxin |
|
Definition
| destories mucosal cells causing inflammatory diarrhea |
|
|
Term
| how can you identify a neurotoxin |
|
Definition
| acts directly on the CNS or PNS |
|
|
Term
| how does shiga toxin work |
|
Definition
| destories intestinal cells and vili decreasing absorption releasing many fecal leukocytes |
|
|
Term
| what are the two subunits of cholera toxin, what do they do |
|
Definition
A subunit: catalyzes ribosylation of GTP binding protein causing adenylate cyclase activation increasing cAMP causes electrolyte and water loss
B subunit: binds ganglioside GM! receptors |
|
|
Term
| what type of toxin in shiga toxin |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what type of toxin is cholera toxin |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what type of toxin is SEB |
|
Definition
| enterotoxin and neurotoxin |
|
|
Term
| why is SEB such a concern |
|
Definition
| it is resistant to HCl, proteases, and mild boiling |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| superantigen: bridges MCH-11 and T cell activating cytokines IL2 and TNF-B release from intestinal lamina propria of T cells |
|
|
Term
| what are the clinical effects of SEB (4) |
|
Definition
nausea
vomiting
anorexia
diarrhea |
|
|
Term
| what is the number 1-4 cause of diarrhea |
|
Definition
1. viruses
2. bacterial related toxin (SEB)
3. camplobacter
4. salmonella |
|
|
Term
| what is the number 1-2 cause of bacterial infection causing diarrhea |
|
Definition
1. camplobacter
2. salmonella |
|
|
Term
| what is the number 1 cause of bacterial toxin (bacterial related) causing diarrhea |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are seven bacteria that cause diarrhea and their stain types |
|
Definition
staph aureus - gram positive cocci
salmonella - gram negative rod
salmonella typhi - gram negative rod
camplobacteri jejuni - ??
shigella - gram negative rod
vibro cholera - gram negative rod and flagella
EHEC/STEC/VTEC - gram negative lactose fermenting rod |
|
|
Term
| which bacteria cause diarrhea within 24 hours always |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which bacteria causes diarrhea within 48 hous always |
|
Definition
staph aureus
salmonella
shigella |
|
|
Term
| which bacteria cause diarrhea within a week of ingesting always |
|
Definition
staph aureus
salmonella
shigella
camplobacter jejuni
vibro cholera
EHEC/VTEC/STEC |
|
|
Term
| whith which microbes is it possible that they could cause diarrhea more than a week after ingesting |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how long does staph aureus diarrhea last |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how long does salmonella diarrhea last |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how long does salmonella typhi diarrhea last |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how long does camplobacter diarrhea last |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how long does shigella diarrhea last |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how long does EHEC diarrhea last |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how is staph aureus transmitted |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how is salmonella transmitted |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how is salmonella typhi transmistted |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how is camplobacter jejuni transmitted |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how is shigella transmitted |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how is vibro cholera transmitted |
|
Definition
salt water (shell fish)
food
water |
|
|
Term
| what bacteria have a cytotoxin |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what bacteria have an anterotoxin |
|
Definition
vibro cholera
staph aureus |
|
|
Term
| what bacteria have a neurotoxin |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the pathogenesis of staph aeurus |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the pathogenesis of salmonella |
|
Definition
| invade M cells, travel to peyers patches |
|
|
Term
| what is the pathogenesis of salmonella typhi |
|
Definition
| invade M cells, travels to peyers patches, spread to marrow, liver, and spleen on macrophages |
|
|
Term
| what is the pathogenesis of shigella |
|
Definition
HIGHLY PATHOGENIC
shiga toxin
invades mucosa and SI and destories tissue
RARLEY PENETRATES |
|
|
Term
| what is the pathogenesis of vibro choler |
|
Definition
cholera toxin
pathogenicity islands (VPI)
bacteriiophage (CTXO) |
|
|
Term
| what is the pathogenesis of EheC |
|
Definition
| shiga toxin causes inflammation and necrosis |
|
|
Term
| staph aureus: does it have vomiting and fever, what kind of diarrhea |
|
Definition
WATERY diarrhea
vomitng
maybe fever |
|
|
Term
| salmonella: does it have vomiting, diarrhea, fever |
|
Definition
diarrhea
no vomit
maybe fever |
|
|
Term
| salmonella typhi: does it have vomiting, diarrhea, fever |
|
Definition
maybe fever
no vomit
yes diarrhea |
|
|
Term
| camplobacter: does it have vomiting, diarrhea, fever |
|
Definition
diarrhea
maybe vomiting
fever |
|
|
Term
| shigella does it have vomiting, diarrhea, fever, what kind of diarrhea |
|
Definition
diarrhea: first watery then BLOODY
maybe vomiting
yes fever |
|
|
Term
| vibro cholera: does it have vomiting, diarrhea, what kind of diarrhea |
|
Definition
diarrhea: LOTS of rice water stool
yes vomiting |
|
|
Term
| other than vomit, diarrhea, fever: what symptoms does EHEC have |
|
Definition
hemolytic uremic syndrome in kids
hemorrhagic colitis |
|
|
Term
| what three symptoms cause hemolytic uremic syndrome |
|
Definition
| anemia, thrombocytopenia, acute renal failure |
|
|
Term
| other than vomit, diarrhea, fever: what symptoms does vibro cholera have |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| other than vomit, diarrhea, fever: what symptoms does shigella have |
|
Definition
abdominal pain
urgency
hemolytic uremic syndrome
dejudration |
|
|
Term
| other than vomit, diarrhea, fever: what symptoms does salmonella typhi have |
|
Definition
typhoid fever
hepatsplenomeagly
rose spots
osteomyelitis in hiB |
|
|
Term
| what is the #1 cause of osteomyelitis in HIV, why |
|
Definition
| salmonella typhi because sickle cells infarct gut allowing salmonella into bone |
|
|
Term
| what labs can identify salmonella typhi |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what labs can identify shigella |
|
Definition
leukocytosis
neutrophilia
fecal leukocytes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are two caracteristics unique to nematodes |
|
Definition
cuticle covering resistant to drying and crushing
complete digestive system: mouth, intestines, anus |
|
|
Term
| what forms of nematodes cause infection |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the 7 nematodes and an aka for each |
|
Definition
ascaris lumbricoides: ascariasis, large round worm
enterobius vermicularis: pin worm, seat worm
necator americanus: hookworm
ancylostoma: hookworm
trichinella spiralis: trichinosis
trichuris trichuria: whipworm
stronglides: threadworm |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the two types of platahelminths and their aka |
|
Definition
cestode: tapeworm
termatode: flukes |
|
|
Term
| what are the 4 tapeworms and their aka |
|
Definition
taniea saginata: beef tapeworm
taneil solium: pork tapeworm
diphyllobothrium latum: broad or fish tapeworm
echinoccus granulosus: dog tapeworm |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which nematodes are transmitted cutaneously, go into more detial on the transmission of each (3) |
|
Definition
necator americanus: eggs are in people, pigs, dogs, and soil. penetrate skin
stronglides (threadworm): cutaneous transmission
ancylostoma (hookworm): cutaneous transmission |
|
|
Term
| which nematodes are transmitted orally, go into more detial on the transmission of each (4) |
|
Definition
ascaris lumbricoides: fecal oral between people, horses, and pigs. unwashed veggies with eggs in soil
enterobius vermicularis: ingestion from infected bedding and clothes.
trichinella spiralis: undercooked meat (pork, walrus, bear)
trichuris trichuria: fecal contaminated beans, rice, grains |
|
|
Term
| once in the body, what does ascaris lumbricoides do |
|
Definition
| penetrate intestines, travel to lungs, migrate to trachea, swallowed, mature in SI |
|
|
Term
| what are 4 signs of ascaris lumbricoides |
|
Definition
colon obstruction (adults in intestine)
loeffler's pneumonitis
pancreatitis
cholecystitis |
|
|
Term
| once in the body, what does eterobius vermicularis do |
|
Definition
| ingested eggs hatch in cecum, female lays eggs at night causing perianal itching |
|
|
Term
| how is entrobius vermicularis diagnosed |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the treatment for enterobius vermicularis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| once in the body, what does necator americanus do |
|
Definition
| travel to blood, lungs, swallowrd in sputum, migrates to SI, sucks blood |
|
|
Term
| what are the signs of necator americanus (4) |
|
Definition
90% asymptomatic
creeping erruption (cutaneous larva margins)
Fe deficiency (micorcytic anemia) - rare
malnutrition (protein loss) - rare |
|
|
Term
| what is a sign of ancylostoma |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| once in the body, what does trichinella spiralis do |
|
Definition
| larvae penetrate SI, enter blood, disseminate to muscle form cyst viable for years |
|
|
Term
| what are the early signs of trichinella |
|
Definition
1-2 weeks
abdominal pain
diarrhea |
|
|
Term
| what are the mid infection signs of trichinella |
|
Definition
2-6 weeks
myalgia
weakness
peripherial edema |
|
|
Term
| what are the long term infection signs of trichinella |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where is trichuris trichuria found |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| once in the body, what does trichuris trichuria do |
|
Definition
| eggs hatch in SI and migrate to LI and burrow into lumen and mate laying eggs in 3 mo |
|
|
Term
| what are 4 signs of trichuris trichuria |
|
Definition
99% asymptomatic
heavy load: diarrhea, anemia, rectal prolapse |
|
|
Term
| taneia saginata: difinitive host, transmission |
|
Definition
human
transmission: undercooked beed |
|
|
Term
| taneia solium: difinitive host, transmission |
|
Definition
human
transmission: undercooked pork, human to human |
|
|
Term
| what causes cysticerosis, what is it |
|
Definition
taneia solium
cysts in the brain (neurocysterosis), eye, and muscle |
|
|
Term
| what are two complications of taneia solium |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| echinococcus granulosus: difinitive host, transmission |
|
Definition
dog and coyote
transmission: dog feces or saliva |
|
|
Term
| what causes echinococcosis, what is it |
|
Definition
echinoccus granulosus
hydatid cyst filled with hydatid sand (particle units)
liver cyst |
|
|
Term
| diphylobothrium latum: transmission, clinical sign |
|
Definition
undercooked fish
B12 deficiency |
|
|
Term
| schistoma: appearance, 2 clinical signs |
|
Definition
lancet shape
hematuria, bladder cancer |
|
|
Term
| what are the three intestinal protozoa, what type of protozoa is each |
|
Definition
entamoeba histolytica - ameoba
giardia lamblia - flagellate (beaver fever)
cryptosporidium parvum - sporozoa |
|
|
Term
| what are the two causes of dysentery |
|
Definition
aboebic - E. histolytica
bacterial - shigella |
|
|
Term
| what are the common symptoms between bacterial and amoebal dysentery |
|
Definition
tenesmus
bloody diarrhea
mucous diarrhea |
|
|
Term
| what is different between bacterial and aboebic dysentery |
|
Definition
shigella - bacterial: high fever
E. histolytica - ameoba: variable fever |
|
|
Term
| what diseases does E. histolytica cause (3) |
|
Definition
ameobic dysentery
traveler's dysentery
abebiasis |
|
|
Term
| where in the world can you get infected with E. hystolytica (4) |
|
Definition
Africa
S. America
India
Asia |
|
|
Term
| what is the main sign of E. hystolytica (defining) |
|
Definition
| abscesses in liver, lung, or brain |
|
|
Term
| what can host E. hystolytica, what is the primary host |
|
Definition
humans - primary
dogs
cats
rodents |
|
|
Term
| how is E. hystolytica transmitted |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how can E. hystolytica be identified microscopically |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the two stages of E. hystolytica and a defining characteristic of each |
|
Definition
trophozoite: motile and metabolically active
cyst: dormant, in water, stool, or soil |
|
|
Term
| what are the 4 areas E. histolytica can go in the body |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the sign of an acute intestinal E. hystolytica |
|
Definition
tenesmus
bloody mucous dysentery |
|
|
Term
| what is the sign of a chronic intestinal E. hystolytica |
|
Definition
recurrent bloody mucous dysentery
constipation
appendicitis
perforation
pseudopolyps |
|
|
Term
| what is the sign of chronic liver E. hystolytica |
|
Definition
abscess (anchovy paste exudate)
hepatitis |
|
|
Term
| what is a sign of chronic lung E. hystolytica |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is a sign of chronic brain E. hystolytica |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the #1 protozoal intestinal disease in the us |
|
Definition
| giardia lamblia / beaver fever |
|
|
Term
| what are the two forms of giardia and some acivities in each form |
|
Definition
cyst: non motile, resistant, dormant
trophozoite: in Si, motile, metabolic, reprodctive |
|
|
Term
| once in the body where does giardia go |
|
Definition
| trophozoite attaches to SI, non invasive |
|
|
Term
| what type of metabolism does giardia have, how do we know this |
|
Definition
facultative anaerobe
no mitochondria |
|
|
Term
| how is giardia transmitted |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are endemic areas for giardia |
|
Definition
rocky mountain
india
russia |
|
|
Term
| what are hosts for giardia, what is the primary |
|
Definition
humans - primary
beavers
pigs
cats
dogs
monkeys |
|
|
Term
| what are six signs of giardia |
|
Definition
belching
flatulence
lipid malabsorption
B12 malabsorption
diarrhea - foul smell, sulfur
vomiting
no fever |
|
|
Term
| how is giardia identified microscopically |
|
Definition
| old man look to trophozoite and cyst |
|
|
Term
| how is E. hystolytica treated |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where can you get cryptosporidium parvum |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the hosts for cryptosporidium parvum, what is primary |
|
Definition
human - primary
domestic animals - reservoir |
|
|
Term
| what is the transmission for cryptosporidium parvum |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the signs of a cryptosporidium parvum infection in a normal person (3) |
|
Definition
parasite load dependent
severe diarrhea
vomiting - mild short term
cryptosporidosis - self limiting |
|
|
Term
| what are the signs of cryptosporidium in an AIDs patient (2) |
|
Definition
life threatning damage of gallbladder, biliary, lung
crpytpsporodiosis: prolonged severe diarrhea |
|
|
Term
| how is cryptosporidium parvum diagnosed |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| once in the body what does cryptosporidium parvum do |
|
Definition
sporocysts attach to mucosa
become invasive merozoites
mature to gametocytes
make oocysts
exit body |
|
|
Term
| what is the tx for cryptosporidium paravum |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the prevention for cryptosporidium paravum |
|
Definition
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|
Term
|
Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Definition
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