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| any negativ echange in a person's health |
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for infectious disease:
disease is caused by ________ invading a host body. they are the etiological agents of the disease |
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there are many microorganisms living in various places on the body they make up the normal ______
ex: large intestines bacteria |
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| 3 types of relationships between the host on bacteria living in that host |
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| commensalism, mutalism, parasitism |
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one of the partners benefit @ the expense of the host (host bacteria relationship):
ex: tuberculosus in the lungs |
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the partner is benefited but the other is unaffected (host bacteria relationship)
ex: saprophytic bacteria living off sloughed off cells in the ear and external genitalia |
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the host offers benefit to the bacteria and the bacteria offers benefits to the host.
ex: vit B and K |
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microflora can protect us from disease by ___________.
our micoflora competitively inhibits the growth of pathogenic interlopers by efficiently using up all available nutrients and O2 leaving nothing for the pathogens. they also acidify the environment |
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| many bac such as Ecoli produce ___________ which are localized bacterial antibiotics. they kill the invading organism w/ out affecting the bac that produced tham. specific for the bac that produced them. |
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the pathogen must be present in every case of the disease.
the pathogen must be isolated from the sick host and purified
the pure pathogen must cause the same disease when givien to unaffected hosts |
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| the pathogen must be reisolated from the newly infected hosts |
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Term
| a process that is a important way of evaulating the etiology of a disease |
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Definition
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Term
| the course of disease can be broken down into 5 specific periods |
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Definition
| incubation period, prodromal period, period of illness, period of decline, period of convalescence |
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Term
| the 1st period and it covers the time between the initial infection and the first symptoms of the disease |
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| the 2nd periood is when mild sym starts 2 appear. |
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once major symptoms are noted the disease has moved into the _____
immune reponse highesrt here
severity of illness leads to death |
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| fourth period, symptoms subside. patient can acquire 2ndary illnesses here. ex: oppurtunistic and nosocomial. |
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| period where patient regains strength and moves on to recovery |
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| diseases that can spread from one to another. ex: tuberculosus |
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can be spread from person to person.
ex: tetinus |
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| communicable disease that are transmitted on contact like chicken pox or the measels |
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| there are 3 methods available for full or partial control of communicable and contagious diseases |
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Definition
| isolation, quarantine and vector control |
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| preventing an infected person from having contact w/ the general public |
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| involves seperating from the general population healthy individuals (either humans or aanimals) nwhom may have been exposed to a communicable disease |
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| an organism that carries a disease from pathogen to host |
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| method for controling comunicable disases destruction of vector habitats and inhibition of vector breeding habits and feeding behaviros |
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Definition
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| the development of disease can be broken down into 5 periods |
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Definition
| incubation, prodromal. illness, decline, and convalence |
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| such as chicken pox and measels develop quickly but only last for a short time |
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| such as hepatits mono, tuberculosis develop slowly but remain for long periods |
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Term
| diseases such as sclerosing panencephalitis fall into the category of |
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| (this disease can have an insidous onset and can take 6-12 m to develop and can be lethal |
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Definition
| sclerosing panencephalitis |
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| those that remain in the host after initial signs and symptoms disappear and can become reactivatedafter long periods.seen in several viral diseases like chicken pox |
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| in persistant tuberculosis infections, pathogens survive in |
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Term
| bodies made of defensive cells such as macrophages, Tcels, Bcells, dendritic cells, neutrophils, fibroblasts, and matrix components |
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Definition
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| how do pathogens survive initial contact w/ cells that are programmed to phagocyse tham |
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Definition
| some inhibit the fusion of the phagolysosome by preventing the fusion of the phagosome w/ cellular lysosomes |
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Term
| the proportion of individuals in a population who are immuned to a particualr disease |
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in many cases, host defenses wall off an infections and keep it a ________
ex: abcesses or boils |
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Definition
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| pathogens find a way to move from the original location in a host point called the ____________, here they become far more dangerous |
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| when a pathogen has moved from the focus of infection by gaining access to the blood or lymph |
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| if organisms are growing in the blood this is called |
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| when bacterial toxins move through the blood |
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| when viruses move through the blood |
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Definition
| primary, subclinaical or secondary |
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| the one causing the initial acute onset of symptoms |
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one in which the symptoms do not appear even though the ionfection is ongoing
ex: polio, hepatitis A |
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is one that establishes itself in a host weakened by some primary infection.
dangerous cause take advantage of weakened state.
ex: AIDS |
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| thyere is a massive leakage of plasma from circualtion that causes the bp to plummett |
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Term
term indicating either patogenic organisms or toxins in the blood.
2 categories: acute and servere |
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| is defined by signs of systemic inflammation and organ dysfunction acccompanied by abnormal temp, HR, respiratory rate, and leukyocyte count as well as elevated levels of enzymes and altered cerebral function |
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| occurs suddenly and patients can die w/in 24-48hrs. |
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| acute, subacute or chronic |
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| remains in the host after signs and symptoms have disappeared but can be reactivated after long periods |
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| pathogens such as mycobacterium tuberculosis can cause persistant disease in which infections continue even though the host has a |
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| can limit the spread of infection |
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Definition
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| infection can be localized or systemic and can be classified as primary: ________, sublinical:____________, or secondary:________ |
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w/ acute initial symptoms
w/out symptoms
occuring after a primary infection |
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| refers to pathogens growing in the blood |
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| the 1st mild symptoms of disease are seen in the |
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| refers to protection by normal bacterial flora |
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