Term
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Definition
skin-sebaceous glands that produce oil and keeps skin pliable mucosal epithelium mucose ciliated cells that 'sweep' bacteria along
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Term
| Lethal Dose (LD 50) vs Infectious dose (ID 50) |
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Definition
LD 50-# that leads to death- causing 50% lethality/death ID 50- # needed to infect (colonize)-causing 50% infection |
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Term
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Definition
Mucose barriers- GI tract, eyes, pharynx, lungs lysozyme-can degrade bacterial cell wall interfuron-antiviral inflammatory-monocytes, neutrophils, leukocytes
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Term
| How are lungs kept sterile? |
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Definition
| By the presence of macrophages |
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Term
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Definition
process by which cells migrate out of the capillary |
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Term
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Definition
| process by which cells stick to the capillary |
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Term
Which cells are present at mucosal surfaces? |
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Definition
| B, T, and macrophage cells (present in a pocket made by m-cell) |
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Term
| how can bacteria travel from the lumen inside? |
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Definition
via m-cell lumen: the canal, duct, or cavity of an organ, ie. the inside of a capillary |
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Term
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Definition
| recognizes specific carbohydrates, esp. those on pathogens |
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Term
| MAC- membrane attack complex |
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Definition
| pokes holes in pathogen cell so contents spill out |
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Term
| which kinds of cells are found in the lymph? |
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Definition
| B, T, NK (all antigen specific) |
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Term
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Definition
| binds to certain sugars on pathogens, it is part of complement and can work with IgG to hold bacteria close to the macrophage-->internalization of the pathogen |
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Term
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Definition
process by which an antibody ie can be taken in on one side and release on the opposite side ie lumen-->other side |
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Term
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Definition
| hormone-like messengers that facilitate communication between cells of the immune system |
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Term
| what are b-cells and what do they produce? |
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Definition
| white blood cells that are born in the marrow and become plasma B cells. IgG, IgA, IgD, IgE, IgM |
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Term
| Most important facts about the Fc region of antibodies: |
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Definition
this tail binds to the receptors on cell surfaces ie macrophage they determine Ab class (IgG vs IgA), which immune system cells it will bind to, and how it will funtion
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Term
| antibody/ neutralizing Ab |
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Definition
b cell (ie) receptor with antigen binding region (Fc) that searches for its cognate antigen can bind to a virus while its still outside the cell (while its binding to its receptor) and prevent entry or replication once inside
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Term
| do all the receptors on a given B cell recognize the same cognate antigen? |
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Definition
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Term
what happens when a b cell recognizes its cognate antigen? |
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Definition
proliferation- doubling in size and dividing over and over these new cell will be clones that all recognize the same antigen |
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Term
| Modular design of the b cell talks about the V, D, J, C gene segments. What is important about those segments? |
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Definition
| there are different versions of each segment (called a module). to assemble a mature heavy chain gene, each b-cell chooses at random one of each kind of segment and pastes them together. the immature b cells are all alike with all the types of segments and the mature b cell chooses gene segments by recombination. |
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Term
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Definition
| process of Ab binding to the invador with their Fab regions, leaving their Fc tails available to bind to Fc receptors on the surface of cells like macrophages. This forms a bridge between the invader and the phagocyte, bringing the invader in close, and preparing it for phagocytosis |
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Term
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Definition
| present on most cells of the body, they function as "billboards" that inform killer T cells about what is going on inside other cells. ie by bringing viral peptide fragments to the surface of the infected cell to create a target |
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Term
| MHC class II w/ process example |
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Definition
Only certain cells make this molecule and these cells are called antigen presenting cells (a macrophage is one). after phagocytosis of a pathogen, the macrophage will load fragments of ingested proteins onto MHC II molecules for display, then helper T cells can scan the billboard for news of what's happening outside
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Term
| B and T cells are called: |
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Definition
| lymphocytes...and must be activated in the adaptive immune system |
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Term
| lymph nodes are the sites where: |
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Definition
| B cells, T cells, APCs, and antigen all gather to communicate and activate |
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