Term
| 1. _____ are a group of diverse unicellular eukaryotic organisms |
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Definition
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Term
| 2. Reproduction of protozoa is generally by _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| 3. Protozoal infections are common in tropical and subtropical regions where _____ and _____ transmission are poor |
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Definition
| SANITARY CONDITIONS; CONTROL OF THE VECTORS |
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Term
| 4. There are 2 general kinds of protozoa. One group of them parasitize the _____, and another parasitize _____. |
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Definition
| INTESTINAL AND UROGENITAL TRACTS; BLOOD CELLS AND TISSUES |
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Term
| 5. _____ is an intestinal amoeboid protozoa that causes amebic dysentery and liver abscess. |
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Definition
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Term
| 6. _____ is a vegetative stage of intestinal amebae that are active and feeding. |
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Definition
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Term
| 7. _____ are temporary cytoplasmic extensions of intestinal amebae. |
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Definition
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Term
| 8. _____ is a nonfeeding, non-motile stage of intestinal amebae that cause stage infections in humans. |
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Definition
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Term
| 9. _____ exists as a cyst in the small intestine, and they are cigar-shaped rounded chromatoidal bars. |
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Definition
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Term
| 10. _____ is characterized by right upper quadrant pain, weight loss, fever, and a tender and large liver. |
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Definition
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Term
| 11. _____ is the cause of amebic abscesses. |
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Definition
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Term
| 12. _____ is the drug of choice to treat amebiasis. |
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Definition
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Term
| 13. _____ is the most commonly diagnosed parasitic intestinal disease in the united states. |
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Definition
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Term
| 14. Giardiasis is common in the _____, _____, and |
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Definition
| DAY CARE CENTER, MENTAL HOSPITALS, AND IN HOMOS |
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Term
| 15. 5 clinical findings associated with giardiasis. |
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Definition
| 1) NON-BLOODY FOUL SMELLING DIARRHEA, 2) NAUSEA, 3) ANOREXIA, 4) FLATULENCE, 5) ABDOMINAL CRAMPS |
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Term
| 16. _____ is the organism that causes cryptosporidium. |
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Definition
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Term
| 17. The main symptom of cryptosporidium is _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| 18. _____ is a group of ciliates that causes diarrhea or 1-2 days. |
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Definition
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Term
| 19. 2 protozoa that are flagellates. |
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Definition
| 1) GIARDIA, 2) TRICHOMONAS |
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Term
| 20. _____ typically presents primarily as a watery non-bloody diarrhea causing large fluid loss. |
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Definition
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Term
| 21. _____ is a urogenital protozoa that causes trichomoniasis |
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Definition
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Term
| 22. Tricomonas vaginalis is transmitted by _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| 23. The primary location of trichomonas vaginalis is in the _____ and _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| 24. _____ is one of the most common infections worldwide, and roughly 25-50% of women in the US harbor the organism. |
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Definition
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Term
| 25. _____ is a protozoa that affects people who wear contact lens users. It lives and can survive between the contact lens and the eyeball and is usually infected by the organism living in water. |
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Definition
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Term
| 26. The clinical presentation of _____ consists of a watery foul smelling frothy greenish vaginal discharge accompanied by itching and burning sensations. |
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Definition
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Term
| 27. Itrichomoniasis infections in men are usually _____, but roughly 10% of infected men have _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| 28. The treatment of trichomoniasis is _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| 29. 4 major protozoal diseases that involve the blood and internal organs. |
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Definition
| 1) MALARIA, 2) TOXOPLASMOSIS, 3) TRYPANOSOMIASIS, 4) LESIHMANIASIS |
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Term
| 30. _____ causes malaria. |
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Definition
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Term
| 31. _____ and _____ are sporozoans. |
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Definition
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Term
| 32. _____ and _____ are flagellates, sometimes referred to as hemoflagellates. |
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Definition
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Term
| 33. 4 species of plasmodium that can cause malaria. |
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Definition
| 1) PLASMODIUM VIVAX, 2) PLASMODIUM OVALE, 3) PLASMODIUM MALARIAE, 4) PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM |
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Term
| 34. _____ and _____ are the most common causes of malaria. |
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Definition
| PLASMODIUM VIVAX AND PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM |
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Term
| 35. 4 ways to transmit malaria. |
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Definition
| 1) MISQUITO BITES, 2) TRANSPLACENTAL, 3) BLOOD TRANSFUSIONS, 4) INTRAVENOUS DRUG ABUSE |
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Term
| 36. This is the characteristic of cerebral malaria |
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Definition
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Term
| 37. _____ is a complication of malaria characterized by intravascular hemolysis, haemoglobinuria, and kidney failure |
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Definition
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Term
| 38. Blackwater fever causes _____ urine. |
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Definition
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Term
| 39. Blackwater fever is caused by heavy metal parasitization of red blood cells with _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| 40. In the pathogenesis of malaria, the plasmodium _____ are injected into the blood stream where they rapidly migrate to the _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| 41. In the liver sporozoites form cyst like structures containing thousands of _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| 42. Most of the pathological findings of malaria result from the destruction on _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| 43. 2 malarian methods that destroy red blood cells. |
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Definition
| 1) MEROZOITES DIRECTLY DESTROY THEM, 2) THE SPEEN SEQUESTORS INFECTED CELLS |
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Term
| 44. When one has malaria it typically causes enlargement of this organ due to congestion of the sinusoids with erythrocytes. |
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Definition
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Term
| 45. This is the most common lethal infectious disease. |
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Definition
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Term
| 46. The highest rate of malaria mortality occurs in _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| 47. 7 clinical findings of malaria that occur about 2 weeks after the mosquito bite. |
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Definition
| ) FEVER, 2) CHILLS, 3) HEADACHE MYALGIA, 4) ARTHRALGIAS, 5) DRENCHING SWEATS, 6) SPLENOMEGALY, 7) HEPATOMEGALY |
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Term
| 48. Untreated malaria caused by _____ is potentially life threatening as a result of extensive brain and kidney damage |
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Definition
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Term
| 49. _____ is the drug of choice for acute malaria, while _____ is used to prevent relapses. |
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Definition
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Term
| 50. _____ is a sporozoan distributed worldwide that infects all the vertebrate species. |
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Definition
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Term
| 51. The definitive host of a toxoplasma is a _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| 52. These are 2 non-motile sprozoans can pass through the placenta |
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Definition
| 1) TOXOPLASMA, 2) PLASMODIUM |
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Term
| 53. 4 was humans can be infected by toxoplasma. |
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Definition
| 1) THE ACCIDENTAL INFECTION OF OOCYSTS PRESENT IN CAT FECES, 2) EATING RAW OR UNCOOKED MEAT, 3) CONGEITALLY BY AN INFECTED MOTHER, 4) FROM A BLOOD TRANSFUSION |
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Term
| 54. _____ is the bacterium that causes toxoplasmosis. |
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Definition
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Term
| 55. 5 congenital infections causes by toxoplasma. |
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Definition
| 1) ABORTION, 2) STILL BIRTH, 3) NEONATAL DISEASE WITH ENCEPHALITIS, 4) CHOREORETINITIS, 5) HEPATOSPLENOMEGALY |
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Term
| 56. In immunosuppressed patients, toxoplasma primarily causes _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| 57. _____ and _____ are the 2 medications used to treat toxoplasmosis. |
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Definition
| SULFADIAZINE, PYRAMETHAMINE |
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Term
| 58. The genus trypanasoma includes these 3 major pathogens. |
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Definition
| 1) TRYPANASOMA CRUZI, 2) TRYPANASOMA GAMBIENSE, 3) TRYPANOSOMA RHODESIENSE |
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Term
| 59. _____ is the cause of chagas disease (American trypanosomiasis). |
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Definition
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Term
| 60. The transmission of chagas disease involves a _____ as the vector and both _____ and _____ as a reservoir host. |
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Definition
| REDUVIID BUG, HUMANS, ANIMALS |
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Term
| 61. Chagas disease occurs primarily in rural _____ and _____. |
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Definition
| SOUTH AMERICA, CENTRAL AMERICA |
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Term
| 62. The reduviid bug typically bites around the mouth or eyes; hence it’s called the _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| 63. The _____ of trypanosomiasis can kill cells and cause inflammation, consisting of many mononuclear cells. |
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Definition
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Term
| 64. _____ is the most frequently and severely affected tissue affected by chagas disease. |
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Definition
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Term
| 65. 3 clinical features associated with neuronal damage of chagas disease. |
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Definition
| 1) CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIAS, 2) MEGACOLON, 3) MEGAESOPHAGUS |
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Term
| 66. The acute phase of chagas disease consists of these 4 clinical findings. |
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Definition
| 1) FACIAL EDEMA, 2) FEVER, 3) LYMPH ADENOPATHY, 4) HEPATOSPLENOMEGALY |
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Term
| 67. The acute phase of chagas disease lasts roughly _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| 68. The chronic phase of chagas disease results in _____ and _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| 69. Death from chronic chagas disease is usually due to _____. |
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Definition
| CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIAS AND FAILURE |
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Term
| 70. The drug of choice for the acute phase of chagas disease is _____, which kills trypomastogotes in blood, but it’s much less effective against amastigotes in tissues. |
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Definition
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Term
| 71. _____ and _____ cause sleeping sickness. |
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Definition
| TRYPANOSOMIASIS GAMBIENSE, TRYPANOSOMIASIS RHODESIENSE |
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Term
| 72. The transmission of sleeping sickness is through a _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| 73. The pathogenesis of African trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness) is spread from the _____, through the _____, and then the _____. |
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Definition
| SKIN, THROUGH THE BLOOD AND LYMPH, BRAIN |
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Term
| 74. The typical somnolence of sleeping sickness results to a coma as a result of _____. |
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Definition
| DEMYELINATING ENCEPHALITIS |
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Term
| 75. The initial lesion of African trypanosomiasis is an indurated _____ at the site of the fly bite. After the organism enters the blood, intermittent _____ and _____ develop. |
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Definition
| INDURATED SKIN ULCER, WEEKLY FEVER, LYMPHADENOPATHY |
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Term
| 76. The encephalitis of African trypanosomiasis is characterized by these 6 things. |
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Definition
| 1) HEADACHE, 2) INSOMNIA, 3) MOOD CHANGES, 4) MUSCLE TREMORS, 5) SLURRED SPEECH, 6) APATHY THAT PROGRESS TO SOMNOLENCE AND COMA |
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Term
| 77. African trypanosome must be treated before the development of _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| 78. African trypanasomas is treated using _____ or _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| 79. _____ refers to a group of infections caused by the flagellate protozoa of the genus leishmania. |
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Definition
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Term
| 80. The transmission of leismaniasis is through the bite of a _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| 81. 3 clinical types of leishmaniasis. |
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Definition
| 1) CUTANEOUS, 2) MUCOCUTANEOUS, 3) VISCERAL |
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Term
| 82. _____ is the cause of Kala-azar (visceral leishmaniasis). |
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Definition
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Term
| 83. _____ and _____ both cause cutaneous leishmaniasis. |
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Definition
| LEISHMANIA TROPICA AND MEXICANA |
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Term
| 84. _____ causes mucocutaneous leishmaniasis. |
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Definition
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Term
| 85. The lesions of cutaneous and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis are limited to the _____ and _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| 86. 3 clinical findings of visceral leishmaniasis (kala-azar). |
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Definition
| 1) SYMPTOMS BEGIN WITH INTERMITTENT FEVER, WEAKNESS, AND WEIGHTLOSS, 2) MASSIVE ENLARGEMENT OF THE SPLEEN, 3) HPERPIGMENTATION OF THE SKIN |
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Term
| 87. Kala-azar means _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| 88. The course of kala-azar runs from _____ to _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| 89. The treatment of kala-azar is _____ and protection from _____ bites |
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Definition
| SODIUM STIBOGLUCONATE, SANDFLY4 |
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Term
| 90. 3 genera of spirochetes that can cause human infection. |
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Definition
| 1) TREPONEMA, 2) BORRELIA, 3) LEPTOSPIRA |
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Term
| 91. _____ causes syphilis. |
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Definition
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Term
| 92. _____ causes relapsing fever and lyme disease. |
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Definition
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Term
| 93. _____ causes leptospirosis. |
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Definition
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Term
| 94. Syphilis is transmitted from an infected person to another person by _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| 95. _____ is when syphilis is transmitted from pregnant women to their fetuses. |
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Definition
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Term
| 96. _____ is the main screening test for syphilis. |
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Definition
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Term
| 97. _____ resembles syphilis but it is a cutaneous and bone disease which is rarely transmitted by sexual contact. |
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Definition
| NONSYPHILITIC TREPONEMATOSES |
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Term
| 99. Bejel is caused by treponema pallidum subspecies _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| 100. _____ is an invasion of cut skin causing primary ulcer that seeds a second crop of lesions. |
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Definition
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Term
| 101. Yaws is caused by treponema pallidum subspecies _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| 102. _____ is a superficial skin lesion that depigments and scars the skin. |
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Definition
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Term
| 103. Pinta is caused by _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| 104. _____ is drug used to treat all stages of syphilis. |
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Definition
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Term
| 105. TRUE/FALSE. There is a vaccine against syphilis. |
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Definition
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Term
| 106. _____ is the bacteria that causes lyme disease. |
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Definition
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Term
| 107. Borrelia burgdorferi is transmitted by a _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| 108. _____ and _____ are 2 medications used to treat lyme disease. |
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Definition
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Term
| 109. A vaccine for lyme disease is approved for people between the ages of _____, and _____ doses are recommended. |
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Definition
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Term
| 110. _____ is the classic bulls eyed rash caused by borrelia. |
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Definition
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Term
| 111. _____ are a group of small wall less organisms. |
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Definition
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Term
| 112. _____ is the major pathogen of the genus mycoplasma. |
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Definition
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Term
| 113. 2 diseases caused by mycoplasma pneumonia. |
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Definition
| 1) ATYPICAL PNEUMONIA, 2) STD |
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Term
| 114. Mycoplasma pneumonia is transmitted from person to person by the _____ route. |
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Definition
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Term
| 115. _____ is the smallest bacteria that is also wall-less. |
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Definition
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Term
| 116. Treatment of mycoplasma is through _____ or _____, which inhibit protein synthesis. |
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Definition
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Term
| 117. 2 types of obligatory intracellular parasites |
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Definition
| 1) CHLAMYDIA, 2) RIKETTSSIAE |
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Term
| 118. Chlamydiae are the agents of these 3 diseases. |
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Definition
| 1) PSITTACOSIS, 2) TRACHOMA, 3) LYMPHOGRANULOMA VENEREUM |
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Term
| 119. _____ and _____ can not grow outside living cells |
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Definition
| RICKETTSIAE AND CHLAMYDIAE |
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Term
| 120. _____ can grow outside living cells. |
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Definition
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Term
| 121. _____ is responsible for arthropod borne diseases. |
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Definition
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Term
| 122. _____ is known as a silent disease because about ¾ of women and ½ of men who are infected have no symptoms. |
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Definition
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Term
| 123. 4 different types of chlamydiae trachomatis. |
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Definition
| 1) URETHRITIS, 2) CHLAMYDIAL CERVICILIS, 3) CHLAMYDIAL CONJUNCTIVITIS, 4) TRACHOMA |
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Term
| 124. _____ causes psittacosis. |
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Definition
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Term
| 125. _____ causes atypical pneumonia. |
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Definition
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Term
| 126. _____ is an occupational disease that mainly affects zoo and pet shop employees, poultry farmers, ranchers, and veterinarians. |
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Definition
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Term
| 127. _____ is another name for psittacosis. |
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Definition
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Term
| 128. Psittacosis is an infection caused by obligatory intracellular bacterium _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| 129. The term psittacosis is derived from the greek word for _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| 130. What is the mode of transmission of atypical pneumonia/psittacosis |
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Definition
| INHALING DRIED SECRETIONS FROM INFECTED BIRDS |
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Term
| 131. 3 constitutional affects of atypical pneumonia/psittacosis. |
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Definition
| 1) FEVER, 2) CHILLS, 3) MALAISE |
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Term
| 132. 5 respiratory effects of atypical pheumonia/psittacosis. |
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Definition
| 1) COUGH, 2) PLEUITIC CHEST PAIN, 3) DYSPNEA, 4) SORE THROAT, 5) EPISTAXIS |
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Term
| 133. _____ causes rocky mountain spotted fever (Q fever). |
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Definition
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Term
| 134. Rickettsiae is transmitted by animal reservoirs such as the bite of _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| 135. _____ and _____ are used to treat rickettsiae. |
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Definition
| TETRACYCLINE, FLUROQUINOLONES |
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Term
| 136. True or false. There is a vaccine available for rickettsiae for those in high risk groups. |
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Definition
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Term
| 137. _____ is the most common rickettsial disease in the USA with 400-700 cases occurring annually. |
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Definition
| ROCKY MOUNTAIN SPOTTED FEVR |
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Term
| 138. _____ causes rickettsial pox. |
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Definition
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Term
| 139. The vector for rickettsial pox is a _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| 140. _____ cause epidemic typhus. |
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Definition
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Term
| 141. Epidemic typhus is a disease transmitted by the |
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Definition
|
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Term
| 142. _____ causes murine or endemic typhus. |
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Definition
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Term
| 143. _____ are the primary reservoir for murine or endemic typhus, which is transmitted by the _____ vector. |
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Definition
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Term
| 144. _____ is not a vector borne disease caused by Coxiella burnetii. |
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Definition
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Term
| 145. Coxiella burnetii is passed in _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| 146. _____ causes tuberculosis. |
|
Definition
| MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS |
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Term
| 147. Tuberculosis is transmitted by a _____, and the initial site of infection is the _____. |
|
Definition
| RESPIRATORY AEROSOL, LUNG |
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Term
| 148. _____ is responsible for causing leprosy. |
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Definition
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Term
| 149. Leprosy is also known as _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| 150. What is the mode of transmission of leprosy. |
|
Definition
| PROLONGED CONTACT WITH LEPRITIC PATIENTS |
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Term
| 151. There are approximately _____ cases of leprosy per year in the united states. |
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Definition
|
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Term
| 152. What is the treatment for leprosy? |
|
Definition
| DAPSONE FOR ATLEAST 2 YEARS |
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Term
| 153. Leprosy mainly affects the _____ and _____. |
|
Definition
|
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Term
| 154. If untreated, leprosy can cause progressive and permanent damage to the _____, _____ , _____ and _____. |
|
Definition
| SKIN, NERVES, LIMBS, AND EYES |
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|
Term
| 98. _____ is a deforming childhood infection of the mouth, nasal cavity, body, and hands. |
|
Definition
|
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