Term
| mild form of diphteheria where toxin is less well absorbed, and nasal discharge is main symptom |
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Definition
| anterior nasal diphtheria; the patient will however be highly infectious |
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Term
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Definition
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|
Term
| constitutional upset with fever, pallor, exhaustion; myocarditis within first 2 weeks, polyneuritis (usually 9th CN) |
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Definition
| Diphteheria; affects of toxin |
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Term
|
Definition
| penicillin or erythromycin given as an adjunct; tracheotomy to assit with respiration in more severe laryngeal diphtheria |
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|
Term
| how to test for diphteria |
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Definition
| isolation and identification and demonstration of toxin production uwing a gel-diffusion precipitin reaction known as an ELEK test |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| surface components such as filamentous hemagglutinin and fimbrial agglutinogens play an important role in specific attachment to respiratory epithelium |
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Definition
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|
Term
| the A unit of this toxn catalyzes transfer of ADP ribose from NAD to host cell proteins to disrupt signal transduction |
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Definition
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|
Term
| this toxin causes host cells to increase cAMP to supraphysiologic levels preventing neutrophils from chemotaxis, phagocytosis and bactericidal killing |
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Definition
| bordatella pertussis; adenylate cyclase toxin |
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|
Term
| this toxin is a cell wall component that specifically kills tracheal epithelial cells |
|
Definition
| tracheal cytotoxin of bordatella pertussis |
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Term
| catarrhal illness, followed up to 1 week later by non-productive dry cough; CNS anoxia, exhaustion, secondary pneumonia, potential lobar segmental collapse |
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Definition
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Term
| drug of choice for whooping cough |
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Definition
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Term
| Causative agents of acute bronchitis |
|
Definition
rhinovirus, coronavirus (upper respiratory tract infections)
influenza, adenovirus, myco pneumoniae (lower respiratory)
strep pneumonia/ Hae Influ (secondary infect) |
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|
Term
| treatments for acute bronchitis |
|
Definition
| tetracyclins or macrolides |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
children <2 years of age;
75% RSV
25% Myco pneu |
|
|
Term
| flu-like symptoms; viral invasion leads to fluid pouring into lungs due to increased vascular permeability |
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Definition
| HCPS (Hantavirus, Cardiopulmonary Sundrome) aka Sin Nombre Virus (SNV) 38% mortality rate |
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|
Term
group A, group B virus surface bear G protein for attachement to cell and fusion protein; transmitted by droplets and hands
Peak mortality of 3 months |
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Definition
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|
Term
| diameter of microorganism that reach the alveoli in pneumonia |
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Definition
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|
Term
| involvement of a distinct region of the lung; exudate formed in response to infection clots alveoli and renders them solid |
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Definition
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|
Term
| diffuse patchy consolidation; spreads through the lung resulting in pathologic process in small airways |
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Definition
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|
Term
| invasion of lung interstitium and characteristic of viral infection |
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Definition
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|
Term
| necrotizing pneumonia, cavitation and destruction of lung parenchyma |
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Definition
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|
Term
| cause of childhood pneumonia |
|
Definition
| virus or bacteria secondary to viral infection |
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|
Term
| pneumonia in older children |
|
Definition
| rare; with exception of patients with CF (main causes SA, HI, Pseudomonas) |
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|
Term
| pneumonia acquired in hospital |
|
Definition
| usually gram negative bacteria; CMV, Aspergillus, Nocardia, M. Tub, Klebsiella, Serratia, P. aeruginosa |
|
|
Term
| where can you pick up Coccidiodes immitis |
|
Definition
| S Cal, San Joaquin Valley, SW texas, S arizona, New Mexico |
|
|
Term
| where can you pick up pseudomonas pseudomallei |
|
Definition
| West Indies, Australia, guam, S.E. Asia, S/C Ameria |
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|
Term
| Who gets Strep pneu, H. influ, SA, and/or P. aeruginosa |
|
Definition
| COPD (SP, HI), CF (SA, HI, PA), viral respiratory secondary infect (SP, SA) |
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|
Term
| who gets K. pneumoniae, M. tub |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| interstitial pneumonitis in neonates |
|
Definition
| caused by chlamydia trachomatis acquired from mother at birth |
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|
Term
| causes of atypical pneumonia that DO NOT respond to pen |
|
Definition
Mycoplasma pneumoniae,
Chlamydophila pneumoniae/ Chlamydophila psittaci, legionella pneumophila,
Coxiella burnetii |
|
|
Term
| who gets Moraxella catarrhalis? |
|
Definition
| patients with carcinoma of the lung or other underlying lung disease |
|
|
Term
| when do you collect a sputum sample? |
|
Definition
| in the AM before BREAKFAST :) |
|
|
Term
| Presence of organism in absence of polymorphs is suggestive of... |
|
Definition
| contamination! But immune comprimised patients may not have polymorphs |
|
|
Term
how do you diagnose the atypical pneumonia caused by:
Mycoplasm pneuomnia? |
|
Definition
| complement fixation test, IgM by latex agglu, or ELISA |
|
|
Term
how do you diagnose the atypical pneumonia caused by:
Legionella |
|
Definition
| urinary antigen test or rapid microagglu |
|
|
Term
how do you diagnose the atypical pneumonia caused by:
Chlamydia psittaci/penuomiae? |
|
Definition
| microimmunofluoresence or ELISA using species specific antigens |
|
|
Term
how do you diagnose the atypical pneumonia caused by:
Coxiella burnetii |
|
Definition
| CFT (phase I and phase II antigens) |
|
|
Term
| who should get a pneumococcal vaccine incorporating capsular antigens of most common types of strep. pneu? |
|
Definition
| post splenectomy, sickle cells patients |
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|
Term
| initial treatment for community acquired pneumonia |
|
Definition
Ampicillin + erythromycin
if lobar- just Amp
if secondary to virus- Amp+flucloxacillin
if alcoholic/drug user/aspirated pt- Amp+gentamicin |
|
|
Term
| initial treatment for community acquired pneumonia in chronic bronchitis |
|
Definition
| Co-amoxiclav or cefuroxime |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Amp or pen or erythro (if B-lac resistant) |
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Rx for staph aureus pneumonia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Rx of choice for Haemophilus influenzae |
|
Definition
| ampicillin, augmentin or cefuroxime |
|
|
Term
| Rx for Klebsiella pneumoniae |
|
Definition
| gentamicin, chloramphenicol or ciprofloxacin |
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