Term
| What is the route of primary herpesvirus infection? |
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Definition
| Local replication in the skin and entry into cutaneous neurons. Uncoated nucleocapsids travel to dorsal root ganglia and become latent |
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Term
| If latent HSV travels from the CNV ganglion to V1, what is the result? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is herpetic whitlow? |
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Definition
| Spread of HSV to fingers from scratching at vesicles? |
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Term
| Where does HSV go when it is reactivated? |
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Definition
| It migrates centrifugally to the epidermis |
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Term
| What do HSV-1 and HSV-2 tend to affect? |
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Definition
| HSV-1 tends to affect the face, HSV-2 tends to be lumbosacral/genital |
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Term
| What is human sporadic viral encephalitis (HSE)? |
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Definition
| Caused by HSV, it is very rare but high mortality. Most cases are adults following recurrent infection. MRIs are diagnostic; HSE causes permanent tissue damage and eosinophilic Cowdry inclusion bodies are visible in infected cells |
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Term
| What antivirals are available against HSV? |
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Definition
| Acyclovir (acycloguanasine) and its prodrugs famciclovir and valacyclovir (Valtrex); also ganciclovir and some others |
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Term
| How does acycloguanasine affect HSV? |
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Definition
| HSV requires thymidine cyclase to replicate. Acycloguanasine is converted to acyclo-GMP, then incorporated into the growing DNA chain as acyclo-GTP to terminate growth |
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Term
| How is varicella zoster virus spread? |
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Definition
| Via respiratory droplets. It spreads through lymphatics to liver and spleen and becomes latent in neurons |
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Term
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Definition
| The viremia causes fever malaise, headache, and sore throat. It replicates in mucous membranes and in the skin where it causes macules, papules, and vesicles |
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Term
| What is reactivation of VZV? |
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Definition
| Shingles; it is seen in a dermatomal distribution |
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Term
| What is Epstein-Barr virus? |
|
Definition
| A virus causing lifelong infection after acute infectious mononucleosis |
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Term
|
Definition
| Via salivary secretions. It then infects resting B lymphocytes |
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Term
| What effect does EBV have on resting B lymphocytes? |
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Definition
| It causes their proliferation. The proliferated cells may be non-producer or viral-producing cells that lyse. |
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Term
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Definition
| EBV-infected cells visible in peripheral blood smear |
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Term
| What are the symptoms of EBV infection? |
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Definition
| Fever, lymphadenopathy, malaise, and chronic fatigue |
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Term
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Definition
| Heterophile antibody titers aren't specific, but you can look for inflamed cells to increase suspicion. Specific anti-early antigen and anti-viral capsid IgM are seen for a month; Anti-VCA IgG and anti-EBNA are markers for prior infections and persist for years |
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Term
| What is Burkitt's lymphoma? |
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Definition
| A malignancy of kids following constant exposure to malaria antigens and EBV. It leads to a translocation of part of chromosome 8 to 2, 14, or 22 |
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Term
| What is Nasopharyngeal carcinoma? |
|
Definition
| It is seen in a subset of Chinese patients. Many have high Ab titers to EBV |
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Term
| What syndrome is caused by cytomegalovirus (CMV)? |
|
Definition
| Mononucleosis syndrome in healthy adults along with myelitis. Deafness or mental retardation can develop in neonates secondary to meningitis |
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Term
| What does CMV cause in IC patients? |
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Definition
| Chorioretinitis, pneumonia, colitis, meningitis, encephalitis, leukopenia. Long-lasting fever is a major symptom. Hepatic dysfunction can be seen months later |
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Term
| What is the CMV nuclear inclusion body? |
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Definition
| A basophilic Owl's eye seen in the urine |
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Term
| What is human herpesvirus-6? |
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Definition
| It affects mostly CD4 T cells and causes roseola and febrile convulsions in kids. IC may get meningoencephalitis: it can cause inflammatory demyelination by infection of oligodendrocytes and astrocytes and leads to inflammatory and necrotic lesions of gray and white matter |
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Term
| Where does poxvirus replicate? |
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Definition
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Term
| How does smallpox (variola) spread through the body? |
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Definition
| Dissemination goes from lymph nodes to the spleen and liver, then to the dermis. Virus-filled vesicles and pustules erupt from the skin and rapidly spread the virus |
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Term
| What symptoms occur during the smallpox prodrome? |
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Definition
| Fever, malaise, and headache |
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Term
| What are functions of vaccinia DNA recombination with a foreign gene? |
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Definition
| Gene therapy or bioterrorism |
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