Term
| How does the reticuoendothelial system respond to viruses? |
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Definition
| It phagocytizes viruses in the blood |
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Term
| What happens to viruses that escape phagocytosis in the blood? |
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Definition
| They are able to infect the vascular epithelium and alter permeability |
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Term
| What is the result of viremia? |
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Definition
| Infected macrophages/lymphocytes release complement-activating factors. This results in increased vascular permeability and plasma leakage |
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Term
| What happens to viral-infected epithelial cells? |
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Definition
| The are attacked by cytotoxic T cells, which damages blood vessels |
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Term
| What is the overall result of viral activity in the blood? |
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Definition
| Capillary fragility, hypovolemia, shock, and multi-organ failure. Hypconcentration due to plasma protein loss causes thickened blood, forming petechiae and acchymoses on the skin |
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Term
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Definition
| Caused by arenaviruses (enveloped -RNA with 2 RNA segments). It is endemic in West Africa with a rodent reservoir. Symptoms include fever, headache, sore throat, vomiting, and myalgia, with sever cases leading to hemorrhage, myocarditis, pneumonia, nephropathy, and hypovolemic shock. |
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Term
| How is Lassa fever treated? |
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Definition
| Ribavirin, an antiviral purin nucleoside derivative, or IgG infusion |
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Term
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Definition
| Seen in Argentina with rats as a host. Death results from uremia or hypovolemic shock, but virus may remain persisten in CNS and cause tremors and seizures. |
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Term
| How is Junin virus treated? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| A disease caused by flaviviruses with four strains. Seen in tropics and evidenced by high fever, headache, maculopapular rash, and intense back and bone pain with the fever rising and falling for 4-6 days |
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Term
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Definition
| Caused by type 2 Dengue virus. Symptoms are hemoconcentration, thrombocytopenia, hepatomegaly, pneumonia, CNS involvement, hypovolemic shock, and death. |
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Term
| What is a result of immunity to dengue fever virus? |
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Definition
| Immunity to one strain leads to more susceptibility to infection by other strains. Antibody-virus complexes bind to FcRs on macrophages and enhance viremia |
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Term
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Definition
| Symptoms are similar to DHF but includes liver, kidney, and heart. Liver failure leads to jaundice and mortality is ~50%. Monkeys in Africa and SA are a host, mosquitos are a vector. |
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Term
| How can yellow fever be prevented? |
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Definition
| Vaccine with a live, attenuated virus |
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Term
| Why are bunyaviruses difficult to respond to? |
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Definition
| They are enveloped with 3 circular helical -RNA segments with complementary 3' and 5' ends that allows for genetic reassortment |
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Term
| Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever |
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Definition
| Related to non-lethal Congo fever, caused by Bunyaviruses. Mortality is up to 50%. Sheep, cattle, and camels host, ixodes tick is vector |
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Term
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Definition
| Phlebovirus. It is seen in east and south Africa. Vectors are sandflies and mosquitoes. Leads to jaundice, liver, and kidney failure and encephalitis with mortality about 10% |
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Term
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Definition
| It can cause Korean hemorrhagic fever via rodent hosts.This is characterized by high fever and renal tubular necrosis and hemorrhagic manifestations. 5% mortality |
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Term
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Definition
| From mice in Southwest US. Can cause pulmonary edema and tachypnea. Fever, myalgia, cough, and coagulopathy. Kidneys are unaffected, 50% mortality |
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Term
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Definition
| Large enveloped, non-segmented -RNA with helical nucleocapsid. Endemic to Africa. Causes highly contagious disease spread in body secretions and fluids among humans and monkeys |
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Term
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Definition
| High fever, headache, nausea, vomiting, myalgia, interstitial edema, hypovolemic shock, and CNS disease such as hemiplegia and coma. 30% mortality. Highly resistant, can grow in multiple organisms |
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Term
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Definition
| Filovirus with high mortality, looks like Marburg virus. Blood leaks from mucous membranes. Reston strain doesn't spread to humans |
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Term
| How is ebolavirus prevented? |
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Definition
| Prime-boost vaccine involves two injections: one of non-infectious priming material and another with attenuated carrier boosting virus. Quarantine is still important |
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