Term
| Which viruses are picornaviridae? |
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Definition
| Enterovirus, rhinovirus, and heparnavirus |
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Term
| What is the structure of picornavirus and its genome? |
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Definition
| It is a naked, small icosahedral capsid enclosing +ssRNA |
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Term
| How does picornavirus replicate? |
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Definition
| It uses the viral RNA as mRNA, replicates in the cytoplasm, and is translated into a polyprotein which is then cleaved. Most are cytolytic |
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Term
| Which picornavirus is labile at acidic pH and grows optimally at 33*C? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the phases of poliomyelitis infection? |
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Definition
Infection: virus ingested
Alimentary phase: virus is spread to oropharyngeal and intestinal mucosa
Lymphatic phase: virus moves to lymph nodes through tonsils and Peyer's pathces
Viremic phase: virus enters blood
Neurological phase: virus infects CNS and ganglia as well as other extraneural tissues to perpetuate viremia |
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Term
| How long is the prodrome of poliomyelitis, and how long until CNS involvement? |
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Definition
| The prodrome is 2 days, and CNS will be invaded around 6 days |
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Term
| What virus(es) causes herpangina? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the clinical appearance of herpangina? |
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Definition
| Fever, sore throat, pain on swallowing, anorexia, vomiting, and vesicular lesions present on soft palate |
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Term
| What is pleurodynia (Bornholm's disease)? |
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Definition
| Caused by coxsackie A or B. It is characterized by sudden fever and unilateral low thoracic chest pain that may be excruciating and lasts ~4 days. It is also called devil's grip |
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Term
| What is hand-foot-mouth disease? |
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Definition
| Caused by Coxsackie A or B. Vesicular lesions appear on hands, feet, mouth, and tongue and subside in a few days |
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Term
| Where do antibodies block the pathogenesis of enterovirus infection? |
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Definition
| They prevent the primary viremia from reaching the target tissue, so they block it in the blood |
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Term
| What polio vaccines are available? |
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Definition
| Inactivated virus or live attenuated virus (oral) |
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Term
| How are enteroviral infections treated? |
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Definition
| There is no specific anti-viral therapy available |
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Term
| What is the shape of rhabdovirus and the type of genome? |
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Definition
| Rhabdovirus is bullet-shaped and the genome is -ssRNA |
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Term
| How does rhabdovirus infect a host? |
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Definition
| It attaches to the ACh receptor of neurons via its G protein and spreads through the peripheral nerves |
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Term
| How is rhabdovirus transmitted? |
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Definition
| It is a classic zoonoses transmitted by dogs, cats, bats, and other animals |
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Term
| What are the families of arboviruses? |
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Definition
| Togaviridae and Flaviviridae |
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Term
| What viruses are in the family Flaviviridae? |
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Definition
| St. Louis encephalitis virus (SLE), West Nile virus, and Japanese encephalitis virus |
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Term
| How common is WNV in infected patients? |
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Definition
| Only 1% develop the clinical illness |
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Term
| What illnesses are associated with WNV? |
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Definition
| Influenza-like illness, neurological illness including meningitis or encephalitis, and polio-like illness with flaccid muscle weakness in severe cases |
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Term
| Is there anti-viral treatment available for WNV? |
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Definition
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Term
| What disease is caused by orthoreovirus? |
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Definition
| Mild upper respiratory tract illness, GI tract illness |
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Term
| What disease is caused by orbivirus/coltivirus? |
|
Definition
| febrile illness with headache and myalgia |
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Term
| What disease is caused by rotavirus? |
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Definition
| GI tract illness, possibly respiratory tract illness |
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Term
| What is unique about reoviridae? |
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Definition
| The capsid is double-layered (not enveloped) and so it is resistant to environmental and GI conditions |
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Term
| What effect does rotavirus have on GI? |
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Definition
| Cytolytic and toxin-like action on the epithelium causes loss of electrolytes and prevents readsorption of water resulting in diarrhea that can be significant in <2yo but asymptomatic in adults |
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Term
| How is rotavirus transmitted? |
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Definition
| Large amounts of virus are released in fecal matter, and it is transmitted more frequently in daycares. Respiratory transmission might be possible |
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Term
| What are the risks for Rotavirus Type A? |
|
Definition
<2: infantile GE with potential dehydration
Children and Adults: diarrhea
Undernourished individuals: diarrhea, dehydration, death |
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Term
| What are the risks for Rotavirus Type B? |
|
Definition
| Infants, older children, and adults in china: severe gastroenteritis |
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Term
| When is rotavirus infection more common? |
|
Definition
| Autumn, winter, and spring |
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Term
| How can rotavirus be prevented? |
|
Definition
| Handwashing and isolation of known cases. A vaccine of the 5 most common serotypes is available |
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Term
| What is the structure of calciviruses and their genome? |
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Definition
| Icosahedral capsid with 32 cup-shaped surface depressions. Genome is linear +RNA |
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Term
|
Definition
| Calciviruses that are resistant to environmental pressures and cause outbreaks of gastroenteritis that resolve within 48 hours |
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