Term
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Definition
Disease: Ascariasis
Primary Symptom: large pot belly
Pathology: Invaded tissue is hypereosinophilic
Route of infection: Eggs are swallowed, larvae develop in lungs and travel to small intestine, intestines can be blocked or can move outside gut to cause peritonitis
Other: Pneumonia-like symptoms if large quantities consumed |
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Term
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Definition
Disease: enterobiasis
Primary symptom: perianal itching that can cause difficulty sleeping
Pathology: no tissue invasion or hypereosinophilia
Route: Adult females live inlarge intestine and travel to rectum to lay eggs
Other: Smaller than ascaris, diagnosis by visualization |
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Term
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Definition
| Cutaneous larva migrans visualized as self-limiting, irritating rash on foot. Predisposition by walking barefoot in places where dogs or cats have defecated |
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Term
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Definition
Disease: Visceral larva migrans
Symptom: blindness or other due to host immune reactions
Route: ingest eggs, larvae released intestinally then circulate to other organs and cease development
Other: Worms not seen in feces, must be removed |
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Term
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Definition
Disease: Visceral larva migrans
Symptom: stomach aches or other GI upset
Transmission: carried by fish (not shellfish). Migrate to muscle tissues and are passed by predation until they reach a mammal
Other: freezing the fish kills the parasite. Not seen in feces, must be removed |
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Term
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Definition
Disease: Bancroftian filariasis elephantiasis
Symptom: swelling years after infection
Transmission: mosquito bites
Route: adult worms stay in lymphatics and produce sheathed microfilariae and migrate through lymph and blood
Other: Adults and microfilariae seen on blood films. Parasites more prominent at night. Many non-pathogenic species, makes diagnosis difficult |
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Term
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Definition
Disease: schistosomiasis
Symptom: Hepatosplenomegaly due to granulomatous inflammation, Katayama fever, portal hypertension, cor pulmonale and right heart failure; diarrhea, intestinal and bladder polyps, intestinal obstruction
Transmission: infect snails
Route: Larval cercariae penetrate skin and become schistosomulae. Lungs->blood vessels in gut. Adults lay eggs->liver
Other: Shed in stools. Eggs contain living larvae called miracidia. No immune response to adults. |
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Term
| Complications of Schistomiasis |
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Definition
Deadly.
Katayama fever: fever, sweats, chills, cough, headache, and lymphadenopathy due to buildup of immune complexes when eggs are first laid.
Ruptured esophageal varices can lead to massive bleeding (hematemesis) and death due to dilation caused by portal hypertension.
Infection of blood can lead to squamous cell carcinoma and massive tumors |
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Term
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Definition
Beef tapeworm
Transmission: consumption of cysticerci from undercooked meat leads to infection
Route: Adults live in small intestine, motile segments containing eggs are shed in feces.
Other: eating egg (1st stage) is non-infectious. 2nd larval stage (cysticercus) is infective |
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Term
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Definition
Pork tapeworm
Symptoms: lesions in eye, brain ,and muscle can cause epilepsy and seizures
Transmission: Cysticercosis is caused by eggs, which develop in pathologic cysticerci |
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