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Micro 0580 Exam 3
Bacterial agents, infectious disease
89
Microbiology
Graduate
05/01/2012

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Term
Keratitis
Definition
Infection of the cornea. Predominately viral
Term
Acute Myringitis
Definition
Infection of the tympanic membrane. FP
Term
Maxillary
Definition
Most common infection site of sinuses
Term
Carries
Definition
Bacterial growth on teeth->biofilm with fermenting bacteria->lactic acid->solubilizes hydroxyapatite->demineralizes enamel->caries
Term
Gingivitis and Periodontitis
Definition
plaque on gingival crevices becomes calcified->inflammation and fraibility of gingiva->gingivitis
inflammation and involvement of deeper tissues->involvement of periodontal ligament and alveolar bone->tooth loss
Term
Stomatitis
Definition
Infection of the tongue and mucosa. NF
Term
glossitis
Definition
Infection of the tongue. NF
Term
Parotitis
Definition
Infection of the salivary gland. NF
Term
Allergens, chemical, autoimmune, immune mediated, infection
Definition
causes of lower RT infection including treachea, bronchial tree, alveolar sacks
Term
Bronchitis
Definition
inflammatory condition WITHOUT implied infection
Term
COPD
Definition
chronic inflammation of boht bronchial tree and alveolar sacks. NOT an infectious disease
Term
Acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis or COPD
Definition
frequently caused by an infectious disease worsening bronchitis or COPD
Term
Pneumonia
Definition
infectious agent colonizes the surface of alveolar sac lining->colleciton of serous fluids and RBCs->rapid multiplication of agent with subsequent infliltration by WBCs displacing air from sac
Term
Dysentery
Definition
ineffectual straining with little fecal matter excreted, mucus and bloody stools. Usually disease or inflammation of large intestine
Term
Guillain-Barre Syndrome
Definition
autoimmune flaccid paralysis of GIT
Term
Hemolytic-remic syndrome
Definition
a toxemia (not organism) in the bloodstream leading to GI bleed, kidney and brain damage
1. hemolytic anemia
2. acute renal failure
3. clots
4. CNS complications
Term
Cystitis
Definition
Infection of the bladder. NOT STD
Term
Urethritis
Definition
Infection of the Urethra. STD
Term
Cervicitis
Definition
Infection of the cervix. STD
Term
Meningitis
Definition
Infection of the meninges. Bacterial and fungal agents cause significant morbidity and mortality. Viral agents tend to be benign
1. if bacteria agent penetrates- hydrocephalus, cerebral vasculitis, increased BBB permeability. All leading to dec in cerebral blood flow
Term
Encephalitis
Definition
Infection or necrosis of the brain parenchyma. Frequently viral.
1. localized- HSV, polio, rabies
2. diffuse- arbovirus, enterovirus
3. Encephalomyelitis- WNEV and polio
Term
Prokaryotic: S. aureus, L. monocytogenes
Fungal: Candida albicans
Definition
Cause of Mass lesions/absesses in the CNS causing focal seizures.
Term
Helminth: Taenia Solium
Definition
Cause of Neurocysticercosis, a cystic brian lesion.
Term
Protozoan: Toxoplasma gondii
Definition
Cause of Toxoplasmosis, a pseudocyst lesion in the CNS.
Term
Tetanus toxin
Definition
Cause of spinal column and then brain parenchyma mediated disease by neurotoxin
Term
Botulism
Definition
Cause of infection of the PNS at neuro-muscular junctions. neurotoxin
Term
Mycobacterium leprae
Definition
Cause of infection of the PNS by bacterium.
Term
Osteomyelitis
Definition
Infection of the bone and joint
Term
Mastoiditis
Definition
inflammation of the mastoid bone in the head almost exclusively as a complication of acute otitis media
Term
Mycetoma
Definition
a chronic suppurative (pus) infectious diseas of the subcutaneous tissue and bone
Term
Septic arthritis
Definition
inflammation of the joint due to progressive inflammatory destruction. Release of exotoxins and degradative enzymes
Term
UTI by E. Coli
catheter by Staph epidermidis
Definition
most common cause of nosocomial bacteremia
Term
Fungal cause
Definition
infection of keratinized skin is caused by
Term
NF and FP
Definition
infection of the epidermis including impetigo, staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome is caused by
Term
NF and FP
Definition
Infection of hair follicles and associated tissues is caused by...
Term
Rhabdomyolysis
Definition
a clinical syndrome characterized by destruction of skeletal muscle
Term
Cornyebacterium diptheriae
Definition
Gram positive rod
actinomycete with mycolic acid
cornyeform group
Term
Nocardia asteroides
Definition
Gram positive rod
actinomycete with mycolic acid
nocardiaceae group
Term
Mycobacterium tuberculousis
Definition
Gram positive rod obligate aerobe
actinomycete with mycolic acid
Acid Fast bacilli
stains poorly
has mycolic acids (waxy lipids) and Trehalose dimycolate as virulance factor
lives in macrophages
slow growth
sensitive to UV and moist heat
not highly contagious
eliminated via cell mediated immunity
latent TB only detectable by PPD test
Term
Mycobacterium avium complex
Definition
Gram positive rod
actinomycete with mycolic acid
acid fast bacilli
slow growing species
Term
Proprionibacterium acne
Definition
Gram positive rod
actinomycete without mycolic acid (6)
Term
Actinomycees israeli
Definition
Gram positive rod
actinomycete without mycolic acid (6)
Term
Mobiluncus curtisii
Definition
Gram positive rod
actinomycete without mycolic acid (6)
Term
Lactobacillus
Definition
Gram positive rod
actinomycete without mycolic acid (6)
Term
Bifidobacterium
Definition
Gram positive rod
actinomycete without mycolic acid (6)
Term
Gardnerella vaginalis
Definition
Gram positive rod
actinomycete without mycolic acid (6)
Term
Listeria monocytogenes
Definition
gram positive rod
Term
Bacillus anthracis
Definition
Gram positive rod
Spore former
Aerobic
Term
Clostridium DIfficile
Definition
Gram positive rod
Spore former
Anaerobic
produces toxin a and b->cytotoxins
predisposed if on antibiotics for >3 days: fluoroquin, clindamycin, amoxicillin
can cause colitis and toxic megacolon, diarrhea and cramping without fever
Term
Streptococci
Definition
Gram positive cocci
In chains
aerotolerant anaerobe
catalase negative
hemolytic (a-green, b-complete,g-none)
Term
Enterococci faecalis
Definition
Gram positive cocci
In chains
Term
Staphylococci Aureus
Definition
Gram positive cocci (gold colored)
In clusters
coagulase positive- antiphagocytic, promotes abscess
Panton-Valentine Leukocidin toxin associated with MRSA
quorum sensing to produce exotoxins when at high density
most common cause of skin infection and hospital infection
Term
Staphylococci epidermiditis
Definition
Gram positive cocci
In clusters
coagulase negative
Term
Streptococcus Pneumoniae
Definition
gram positive
lancet shaped
encapsulated diplococcus
not fastidious
antiphagocytic capsule
children are carriers of pneumonia
antecedant viral infecitons predispose pneuonia
bacteremia results in pneumonia, meningitis and endocarditis
frequently colonizes mucosal surfaces: conjunctitis, otitis media, sinusitis, mastoiditis
penicillin is drug of choice- resistance an issue
Term
Staphylococcus
Definition
gram positive cocci
arranged in pairs, short chains or irregular clusters
facultative anaerobe
not fastidious
Term
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
Definition
mollicute- smallest free-living cells
not observed by gram staining
fastidious and slow growing, slow spread, not highly infectious
extracellular pathogen, readily colonize mucosa, gliding motility, immunomodulatory, attach to cilliated respiratory cells
survivors usually become carriers
incorporates host phospholipids, sterols into cell membrane
lack a cell wall!
ADP riboslyating cytotoxin- respiratory distress syndrome
in URT, lower genital tract
Term
ergosterol
Definition
source of cross reactivity for drugs against fungi
Term
crytococcus
Definition
fungi with capsule (yeast)
Term
blastoconidia
Definition
reproducitno by budding yeast
Term
ascospores or basidiospores
Definition
some yeast reproduce sexually by formaiton of...
Term
conidia
Definition
budding of a hyphae that is important for fungal identification
Term
blastomyces dermatiditis
histoplasma capsulatum
cocciodoides immitis
paracoccidoides brasiliensis
sporthrix schenckii
Definition
thermally dimorphic fungi
Term
cell mediated immunity
Definition
human defense against fungi
Term
Pitaryiasis versicolor
Definition
chronic, mild infection of outermost skin of chest abdomen and upper limbs by Malassezia furfur
lipophilic and NF
diagnosis by yellow fluorescence with wood's lamp and KOH (round budding yeast)
Term
Tinea Nigra
Definition
asymptomatic infection of the stratum corneum (outer skin) by Nortea werneckii
painless macules on palms
KOH (brown branched septate hyphae and budding yeast)
Term
Piedra
Definition
fungal infection of the hair shaft:
white- Trichosporon
Black- Pedraia hortai
Term
Dermatophytosis
Definition
infection of the cutaneous epidermis (requiring keratin)
Microsporum no nails, epidermiphyton no hair, trichophyton everywhere***
Term
Tinea capitis
Definition
caused by microsporum (green wood's lamp) and trichophyton fungal infection of head cutaneous layer
1. Endothrix
-within hair shaft by trichophyton tonsurans
-black dot ringworm
-chronic
2. Ecothrix
-around hair shaft grey patch ringworm
-hairloss
-resolves
Term
Tinea corporis
Definition
Trichophyton rubrum and mentagrophytes
fungus infects horny layer of skin and spreads. hair follicles act as reservoir
Term
Tinea cruris
Definition
Trrichophyton rubrum infection of groin cutaneous layer. pruritic
Term
Tinea unguium
Definition
Trichophyton rubrum infection of nails
Term
Tinea pedis
Definition
T. rubrum, T. mentagrophytes, E. Floccosum fungal infection of feet cutaneous layer
Term
Tinea Barbae
Definition
T. mentagrophytes and T. Rubrum infection of beard cutaneous layer from animals
Term
Tinea manuum
Definition
T. Rubrum, T. mentagrophytes, E. floccosum fungla infection of hands cutaneous layer
Term
Sporotrichosis
Definition
Traumatic inoculation into skin by sporothrix schenckii (oval or cigar shaped buddin yeast) affecting gardeners, farmers
subcutaneous mycoses
Term
Chromoblastomycosis
Definition
traumatic inoculation of subcutaneious skin by mycoses from soil. Dark molds causing water cutaneous nodules like cauliflower florets or copper pennies
Term
Mycetoma
Definition
localized, deforming, indolent swollen lesions and sinuses involving cutaneous, subcutaneous tissues, fascisa and bone
Term
Phaeohyphomycosis
Definition
subcutaneous infection by dark walled fungi forming large septate hyphae.
characterized by a single red nodule which expands. brain absceses may occur
Term
Mistoplasmosis
Definition
systemic infection by histoplasma capsulatum
white fluffy mold, survives in macrophages
asymptomatic and self limited
endemic in ohio, mississippi, missouri from bird manure
Term
Blastomycosis
Definition
systemic infection by blastomyces dermatitidis via the lungs
branching hyphae at right angles
yeast with thick cell walls, highly refractle and multinucleated
reproduce by single bud with broad base
endemic in southeast and central
manifests as pleuritic chest pain
Term
Coccidioides Immitis/psoadasii
Definition
systemic fungal lung infection
usually inapparent, cough chest pain, pulomany nodules
identify spherule for diagnosis or use specific antibodies
Term
Paracoccidioidomycosis
Definition
systemic fungal infection common by Paracoccidoides Brasiliensis in latin america causing pulmonary disease with ulcerative lesions in oral and nasal cavity, dry cough
characteristic translucent double-contoured cell wall
Multiple Budding
detection by Delayed type hypersensitivity test
macrophages are major defense
Term
Thrush
Definition
opportunistic candidiasis infection of mouth
prevalent when inhaled steroids
Term
candidal vaginitis
Definition
opportunistic fungal infection seen in diabetes pregnancy and antibiotic therapy in women
Term
chronic mucocutaneious candidiasis
Definition
opportunistic fungal infection of skin hair nails and mucos by candida
associated with immunological disorder
major immune defect is failure of T-lymphcytes
generally starts infancy with thrush
Term
disseminated candidiasis
Definition
predisposing factors for opportunistic fungal infection: noplasm, burn patient, organ transplant, low birth weight
kidney, brain, myocardium and eye usually involved
Term
Aspergillus
Definition
opportunistic fungal infection causing morbidity and mortality
grows quickly with lightly pigmented hyphae that branch at right angles
can grow as solid mass in pulmonary cavity (assoc. emphysema, TB), ear, nails, eye or cerebrum
Term
Rhizopus/absidia/mucormycosis
Definition
opportunistic fungal infection with special affinity for blood vessels, thrombosis (Rhizopus)
often seen in T2D
characteristic broad aseptate hyphae branching at right angles
Term
Cryptococcosis
Definition
Non dimorphic opportunistic fungal pulmonary/systemic infection by cryptococcus neoformans
predilection for the nervous system
produces polysaccharide capsule
INDIA ink is confirmatory test
also produces urease (test)
can remain dormant
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