Term
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Definition
| the science of classifying organisms. provides universal names for organisms and a reference for IDing organisms |
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Term
| Systematics, or Phylogeny |
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Definition
the study of evolutionary history of organisms
All species of Inventory (2001-2005)- to ID all species on Earth |
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Term
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Definition
| kindoms: plantae and animalia |
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Term
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Definition
| two types of prokaryotic cells found |
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Term
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Definition
| Bacteria, Archaea, & Eukarya |
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Term
| Characteristics of Archaea |
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Definition
| cell type: prok; cell wall: no peptidoglycan; no antibiotic sensitivity |
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Term
| Characteristics of Bacteria |
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Definition
| Prokaryotics; contains peptidoglycan in cell wall; uses amino acid formylmethionine; sensitive to antibiotics; |
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Term
| Characteristics of Eukarya |
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Definition
| Euk; cell wall contains carbs; not sensitive to antibiotics |
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Term
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Definition
| rocklike pillars formed by bacterial communities began growing about 3000 years ago |
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Definition
| each species retains some characteristics of its ancestor; grouping organisms according to common properties implies that a group of organisms evolved from common ancestor. (anatomy, fossils, rRNA) |
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Term
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Definition
common names vary with languages and geography.
binomial nomenclature= (genus+specific epithet)
- used worldwide |
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Term
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Definition
| domain>kingdom>phylum>class>order>family>genus>species |
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Term
| classification of prokaryotes: prokaryotic species |
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Definition
| a population of cells with similar characteristics |
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Term
| prokaryotic species: culture |
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Definition
| grown in laboratory media |
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Term
| prokaryotic species: clone |
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Definition
| population of cells derived from a single cell |
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Term
| prokaryotic species: strain |
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Definition
| genetically different cells within a clone |
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Term
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Definition
| a group of closely related organisms that breed among themselves |
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Term
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Definition
| multicellular, no cells walls, chemoheterotrophic |
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Term
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Definition
| multicellular, cellulos cell walls, usually photoautotrophic |
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Term
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Definition
| chemoheterotrophic, unicellular or multicellular, cell walls of chitin, develop from spored or hyphal fragments |
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Definition
| a catchall kingdom or euks that do not fit in other kingdoms. grouped into "clades" based on RNA |
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Term
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Definition
| population of viruses with similar characteristics that occupies a particular niche |
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Term
| references: International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology |
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Definition
| Articles with evidence of new species or classification |
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Term
| references: Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology |
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Definition
| Provides phylogenetic and identification information on bacteria and archaea |
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Term
| references: Approved lists of bacterial names |
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Definition
| lists species of known prokaryotes based on published articles |
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Term
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Definition
| placing organisms into groups of related species- lists of characteristics of known organisms |
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Term
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Definition
| matching characteristics of an "unknown" organism to lists of known organisms - clinical lab ID |
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Term
| Bergey's manual of determinative bacteriology |
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Definition
| provides ID schemes for IDing bacteria and archaea and provides phylogenetic information on bacteria and archaea |
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Term
| ID methods: morphological characteristics |
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Definition
| useful for IDing eukaryotes, limited for prokaryotes |
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Term
| ID methods: differential staining |
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Definition
| gram staining or acid-fast staining |
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Term
| ID methods: biochemical tests |
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Definition
| determines presence of bacterial enzymes |
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Term
| Enterotube II from Becton Dickinson |
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Definition
| one type of rapid ID method for bacteria |
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Term
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Definition
| combine known antiserum plus unknown bacterium. different tests/procedures: slide agglutination test, ELISA, Western blot |
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Term
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Definition
| enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay: known antibodies, unknown type of bacterium, antibodies linked to enzyme, enzyme substrate |
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
| uses differences in electrical conductivity between species; fluorescence of some species' cells selectively stained with antibody plus fluorescent dye |
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Term
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Definition
| guanine & cytosine moles % (GC) |
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Term
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Definition
| electrophoresis or restriction enzyme digests |
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Term
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Definition
| can contain hundreds of thousands of synthetic single-stranded DNA. unknown DNA from sample is separated into single stands, cut, and labeled with fluorescent dye |
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Term
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Definition
| the unknown DNA is allowed to hybridize with the DNA on chip and bind only to the complementary DNA. DNA will be detected by fluorescence |
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Term
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Definition
| fluorescent in situ hybridization |
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