Term
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Definition
| Comes from the Greek words for prenucleus |
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Term
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Definition
| Comes from the Greek words for true nucleus. |
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Term
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Definition
| One circular chromosome, not surrounded by a nuclear membrane, no histones, no membrane bound organelles, bacteria: peptidoglycan cell walls, archaea: pseudomurein cell walls, binary fission |
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Term
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Definition
| Paired chromosomes surrounded by a nuclear membrane, histones, membrane bound organelles, polysaccharide cell walls, mitotic spindle. |
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Term
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Definition
Average size:
0.2-1.0 microns x 2-8 microns
Monomorphic
Few are pleomorphic |
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Term
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Definition
Outside cell wall
Usually sticky
Capsule: neatly organized
Slime layer: unorganized |
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Term
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Definition
-outside cell wall
-made of chains of flagellin
-attached to a protein hook
-anchored to the wall an membrane by the basal body |
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Term
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Definition
Rotate flagella to run or tumble
Move toward or away from stimuli
Flagella proteins are H antigens |
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Term
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Definition
| Also called endoflagella, in spirochetes, anchored at one end of cell, rotation causes cell to move. |
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Term
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Definition
| Fimbriae allow attachment |
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Term
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Definition
| Pili facilitate transfer of DNA from one end of cell to another, gliding motility, twitching motility |
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Term
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Definition
Polymer of disaccharide
N-acetylglucosamine (NAG)
N-acetylmuramic acid (NAM) |
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Term
| Peptidoglycan in Gram-Positive Bacteria |
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Definition
| Linked by polypeptides at NAM |
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Term
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Definition
Thick peptidoglycan
Teichoic acids:
- lipoteichoic acid links to plasma membrane
-wall Teichoic acid links to peptidoglycan
-may regulate movement of cations and provide antigenic specificity
Polysaccharides covering the cell wall may provide antigenic specificity as well |
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Term
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Definition
| Thin peptidoglycan, outer membrane, periplasmic space |
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Term
| Gram-Negative outer membrane |
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Definition
Lipopolysaccharides, lipoproteins, phospholipids
Forms the periplasm between the outer membrane and the plasma membrane. Protection from phagocytes, complement, and antibiotics |
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Term
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Definition
Crystal violet-iodine crystals form in cell
-gram positive: alcohol dehydrates peptidoglycan, CV-I crystals do not leave
-gran-negative: alcohol dissolves outer membrane and leaves holes in peptidoglycan, CV-I washed out |
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Term
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Definition
| 2-ring basal body, disrupted by lysozyme, penicillin sensitive |
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Term
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Definition
| 4-ring basal body, endotoxin, tetracycline sensitive |
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Term
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Definition
Acid-fast cell walls
Waxy lipid (mycolic acid) bound to peptidoglycan
Mycobacterium
Nocardia |
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Term
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Definition
| Lysozyme digests disaccharide in peptidoglycan, penicillin inhibits peptide bridges in peptidoglycan |
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Term
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Definition
| Wall-less cell with a plasma membrane intact |
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Term
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Definition
| Gram-negative cell with a remnant of the outer wall left plus an intact plasma membrane |
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Term
| Protoplasts an spheroplasts are susceptible to osmotic lysis |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Are wall-less cells that swell into irregular shapes (still live and divide) |
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Term
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Definition
| Phospholipid bilayer, peripheral proteins and integral proteins, transmembrane proteins |
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Term
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Definition
Membrane'sas viscous as olive oil
Proteins move to function
Phospholipids rotate and move laterally |
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Term
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Definition
| Allows passage of some molecules |
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Term
| Enzymes in plasma membrane |
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Definition
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Term
| Chromatophore and thylakoids |
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Definition
| Photosynthetic pigments on foldings of plasma membrane |
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Term
| Damage to plasma membrane |
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Definition
| By alcohols, quaternary Ammonium, polymyxin antibiotics cause leakage of cell contents |
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Term
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Definition
| Movement of a solute from high to low concentration |
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Term
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Definition
| Solute combines with a transporter protein in the membrane |
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Term
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Definition
| Solute combines with a transporter protein in the membrane |
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Term
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Definition
| The movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane from an area of high water concentration to an area of low water concentration |
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Term
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Definition
| The pressure needed to stop the movement of water across the membrane. |
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Term
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Definition
| The channel through which water moves through the plasma membrane |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Water moves into cell. Might burst. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Water moves out of the cell causing cytoplasm to shrink |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Requires a transporter protein and energy in the form of ATP |
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Term
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Definition
| Requires a transporter protein and PEP (a special form of active transport in prokaryotes. Substances are altered as they are transported. |
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Term
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Definition
| The substance inside the plasma membrane (not a void, it is a very rich environment) |
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Term
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Definition
| Bacterial chromosome. No boundary to mark nucleoid location |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Protein synthesis.
Complete 70S structure.
Made of 1 small subunit (30S) and one large unit(50S).
S stands for Svedberg unit.
Ribosome is non membranous.
It is made of protein and RNAs |
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Term
| Meta chromatic granules (volutin) |
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Definition
| Phosphate reserves, for generating ATP |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Lipid inclusions and sulfur granules |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Ribulose 1,5-diphosphate carboxylase for CO2 fixation |
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Term
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Definition
Protein-covered cylinders
Help organisms float for photosynthetic purposes |
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Term
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Definition
Iron oxide (destroys H2O2)
Hydrogen peroxide is toxic, this helps rid of it. |
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Term
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Definition
"S" in ribosomes.
Accounts for size, weight, and shape.
A unit of sediments |
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Term
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Definition
Resting cells. Resistant to desiccation, heat, chemicals.
-Bacillus(genus)
-Clostridium(genus) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Return to vegetative state |
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