Term
| Who was the original chairman of the federal committee set up to divide and organize Michigan’s land? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What was the purpose of the federal committee? |
|
Definition
| divide the land in rectangles based upon a decimal system changed to feet and acres-- accurately describe the size and location of specific land parcels |
|
|
Term
| By what method was land described and allotted before 1785? |
|
Definition
| Before 1785, metes and bounds method described a parcel of land by using local features and compass bearings. |
|
|
Term
| What are long-lots (ribbon farms) and where may they be found in Michigan? |
|
Definition
long-lots (ribbon farms)
long, narrow parcels usually perpendicular to and joining a river for access.
many roads and streets laid out perpendicular to the river.
Woodward Avenue/Detroit River
homes close together
parts of Detroit, Grosse Pointe, along the Raisin River in Monroe County (p. 432).
Monroe, Wayne, Macomb, St. Clair, and Mackinac Counties. |
|
|
Term
| How did the first surveyors of Michigan’s land describe it? |
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Definition
| surveyors wrote that Michigan’s land was swampy, brushy, muddy, of low quality. |
|
|
Term
| How did these descriptions affect the settlement of Michigan? |
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Definition
| settlers avoided the interior, settling along the shores of the Great Lakes or along major river valleys. |
|
|
Term
| Describe the meridian line. Where does it begin and end? What useful purpose does it serve? |
|
Definition
Meridian (north-south) line begins in Fulton County, Ohio about six miles south of the Michigan/Ohio border.
goes 337 miles to Sault Ste. Marie
forms boundaries of the following counties: Lenawee and Hillsdale, Clinton and Shiawassee, Gratiot and Saginaw, Roscommon and Ogemaw, Crawford and Oscoda, and Otsego and Montmorency. |
|
|
Term
| What is the “Geographers Line”? Where does this surveyed line begin and end? What is a unique aspect of this line? |
|
Definition
Baseline runs from Lake St. Clair to Lake Michigan for 173 miles.
two segments: east and west.
Original plan was to run the baseline from Lake St. Clair eight miles north of Detroit to intersect the meridian.
Plan scrapped due to bad weather and Native American presence.
challenging to make in the east because of the SE Michigan Interlobate moraine.
Started in 1815, finally finished in 1827 at the north boundary of South Haven. |
|
|
Term
| Township and its normal area |
|
Definition
each township six miles square.
measured north/south of the baseline. |
|
|
Term
| Sections and how it relates to a typical Township |
|
Definition
| 36 one mile square sections. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
each range measured east/west of the meridian.
T19N, R15W: 19th township north of the baseline, 15th township west of the meridian, Sheridan Township in Mason County (108 miles north/84 miles west). |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
There are correction lines set up for every 10 townships.
The section and range lines are slightly offset.
some sections larger/smaller than others or even missing. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| fractional sections: north and west sections of a township larger/smaller than 640 acres (one section). |
|
|
Term
| Charter townships, where they are located, and examples |
|
Definition
Charter townships near expanding urban areas.
Shelby Township (Macomb County), Meridian Township (Ingham County). |
|
|
Term
| General Law townships, where they are located, and examples |
|
Definition
General Law townships in rural areas more common.
Sheridan Township (Mason County) |
|
|
Term
| Combine townships, where they are located, and examples |
|
Definition
combine townships in very sparsely-populated areas to create a single General Law Township.
McMillan Township (Luce County) : 16 townships, almost 600 square miles.
largest township in Michigan.
Forsyth Township (Marquette County): 5 townships. |
|
|
Term
| Describe the “school” sections and what the proceeds from the sale of its sections were used for |
|
Definition
school” section: section 16 of each township.
proceeds from sale of the sections in the year 1785 supported public education. |
|
|
Term
| What is the usual difference between Michigan lakes ≥ 25 acres and Michigan lakes ≤ 25 acres? |
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Definition
Lakes ≥ 25 acres are usually public waters
lakes ≤ 25 acres are usually private property
owner controls access to the water, paying taxes on the land surrounding and under the lake. |
|
|
Term
| How did Michigan develop over the 19th century that set itself up to become one of the great states for manufacturing in the U.S. and the world in the 20th century |
|
Definition
supply of lumber and minerals in the UP.
1830s: flour mills of Detroit exporting food products.
More industrialization
1840s: copper and iron discovered in the UP.
1855: Soo Locks completed on the St. Mary’s River at Sault Ste. Marie.
connected Lake Superior to Lake Huron.
ships docked more often in Detroit’s waters.
1860s: mills in Detroit producing steel, metal castings and ships.
late 1800s: railroad cars, wheels, carriage wagons, paints, tools, leather for upholstery. |
|
|
Term
| What characteristics made Detroit such an ideal location to become a prime manufacturing center in the early 20th century? |
|
Definition
equidistant from both coasts so we can more easily ship parts to any regional assembly plant in the nation.
close to the:
rail and water transport facilities of the Midwest.
iron ore of the UP. |
|
|
Term
| What caused Flint’s population to balloon from about 9,000 in 1890 to over 150,000 in 1930? |
|
Definition
automotive factories expanded into Oakland County, Flint and Lansing.
Flint population: 8,930 (1890); 156,492 (1930). |
|
|
Term
| From what country did the Dodge brothers get most of their labor in the early 20th century? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Who invented the moving assembly line at his automotive plant in Highland Park, near Detroit, in 1913?---Where did this inventor’s workers come from? |
|
Definition
Ford, Yugoslavs, Finns, Lithuanians came from the copper mines and lumber camps of the UP.
Russians and Ukrainians came from the coal mines of Pennsylvania and New York.
Sicilians, Bulgarians, Macedonians, Black laborers from the south. |
|
|
Term
| What did Henry Ford do with most of his massive profits? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What did Henry Ford do that was instrumental to America’s victorious World War II effort? |
|
Definition
early 1940s: Willow Run Plant built in Washtenaw County.
Assembly line that built airplanes and tanks helped the World War II effort immensely. |
|
|
Term
| How was this action important to Michigan? |
|
Definition
| Brought hundreds of thousands of new residents to Michigan. |
|
|
Term
| When did manufacturing employment peak in Michigan? |
|
Definition
| Manufacturing employment peaks in 1953 |
|
|
Term
| How were Michigan’s manufacturing workers geographically distributed at this time? |
|
Definition
59% of all private employment.
51% share of U.S. jobs in Auto and Auto Parts Manufacturing (Table 31.1, p. 478).
52% of workers in Wayne County (Detroit).
most of the rest of the manufacturing jobs in Genesee (Flint), Ingham (Lansing), Oakland (Pontiac), Washtenaw (Ypsilanti), and Macomb Counties. |
|
|
Term
| What were the reasons for the decentralization of manufacturing in Michigan beginning in the mid-1950s? |
|
Definition
1950s: military production scaled back.
Defense Department encourages new plant construction outside of potential Soviet Union nuclear target zones.
complimentary factories clustered around these new plants.
dispersal of products nationally and internationally to be closer to expanding markets.
----Other reasons: government regulations, tariffs, automation, technological advancements. |
|
|
Term
| How did this decentralization of manufacturing affect Michigan? |
|
Definition
many steel mills closed and relocated to places like Venezuela.
auto-related supplies then relocated to be closer to the producers.----drop in Michigan’s total and manufacturing employment.
drop in share of U.S. car production. |
|
|
Term
| Why did manufacturing corporations move plants and employment from Detroit to the suburbs? |
|
Definition
Suburban areas more accessible.
Federal Housing Administration Loan Program
National Highway Act (1956)
High land cost in Detroit compared to the suburbs.
Federal and state subsidies for water and sewer extensions into the suburbs.
Oakland, Macomb, and Washtenaw Counties. |
|
|
Term
| Describe the movement of manufacturing plants and jobs in the 1970s and 1980s |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In what county did manufacturing drop precipitously at the expense of neighboring suburban counties? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Compare the percentage rate of contraction of auto and auto parts employment in Michigan in the 1970s and 1980s to that of the U.S. as a whole. Which entity actually lost more manufacturing jobs? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Describe the general trend of manufacturing and auto-related employment in Michigan from the 1980s to today. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name four counties where private employment and population has more than doubled since 1969. |
|
Definition
| Oakland (200%), Macomb (97%), and Washtenaw (117%) Counties all shot ahead. |
|
|
Term
| Name two counties that have actually lost jobs since 1969. |
|
Definition
| Wayne (-30%), Genesee (-7%) Counties lost jobs. |
|
|
Term
| Which of those two counties has lost 23% of its population since 1970? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What fraction of manufacturing jobs does Michigan have now compared to manufacturing’s heyday in 1953? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where has much of this factory work gone to? |
|
Definition
| much of the factory work in the Sunbelt states and foreign countries. |
|
|
Term
| Name four other major manufacturing industries in Michigan aside from Transportation Equipment and its primary counties of operation. |
|
Definition
Plastics: Kent and Macomb Counties
chemicals: Midland County
furniture: Kent and Ottawa Counties
food: Calhoun County |
|
|
Term
| Which developed faster from 1970-2000: the amount of developed land in Michigan or its population? By how many times? |
|
Definition
| land increased as much as 10 times faster than the population. |
|
|
Term
| What percentage of Michiganders live in the suburbs of some of Michigan’s largest cities? |
|
Definition
| 80% of Michiganders live in the greater Detroit, Grand Rapids, Lansing, Kalamazoo, Flint, Saginaw and Traverse City areas. |
|
|
Term
| What financial staple left with the businesses and people from Detroit to the suburbs beginning in the 1960s? |
|
Definition
property tax base went with people and businesses to the suburbs.
1990s: Detroit lost almost $150 billion in taxable assessments.
Bloomfield Hills increased its taxable value by $88 billion.
central cities tax base is 44% that of the suburbs. |
|
|
Term
| What city has the lowest median (middle) income among the largest Michigan cities? |
|
Definition
| Flint has the lowest median income among the largest Michigan cities. |
|
|
Term
| What county did Genesee County (Flint) residents flock to for their jobs beginning in the 1990s? |
|
Definition
| 1990s: # of Genesee County residents commuting to Oakland County increased 134%. |
|
|
Term
| Describe the environmental costs of low-density suburbanization in Michigan. |
|
Definition
| inefficient and premature consumption of natural and agricultural lands. |
|
|
Term
| What percentage less land would have been used for recent new developments if they had been created at the 1990 average of 1.15 housing units/hectare? |
|
Definition
| If new developments were at the 1990 average of 1.15 HU/hectare, about 56% less land would have been used. |
|
|
Term
| Describe the economic costs of low-density suburbanization in Michigan. |
|
Definition
the greater the unit area to house a population, the greater the per capita infrastructure requirements.
higher costs to build and maintain low-density developments.
greater use of materials and energy for construction and maintenance.
higher costs to operate one’s car. |
|
|
Term
| Describe the social costs of low-density suburbanization in Michigan. |
|
Definition
more land used for housing makes dwellings less affordable.
municipalities typically restrict compact developments with zoning laws.
prefer large homes with large lots, expensive homes.
more automobile-dependent
poor, elderly and children that cannot drive are disadvantaged.
social isolation of the elderly.
distancing of suburban job opportunities from inner-city residents. |
|
|
Term
| What type of economy are America’s largest cities best suited for today? |
|
Definition
High-tech, specialized service economy.
strong city centers and intermunicipal cooperation needed.
2002: Michigan Suburbs Alliance, 23 municipalities.
regional cooperation between municipalities to revitalize and improve the economic competitiveness of metro Detroit. |
|
|
Term
| What organization is trying to improve the economic competitiveness of metro Detroit? |
|
Definition
| Michigan Suburbs Alliance |
|
|
Term
| What has New York and Boston received that Detroit generally has not over the last 25 years to make a successful transition from a manufacturing to a high-tech, specialized service economy? |
|
Definition
| New York and Boston attracted public investment in their inner cities in the 1980s to transition from a manufacturing to a high-tech, specialized service economy. |
|
|
Term
| What are the characteristics of metro areas with weak urban centers like metro Detroit? |
|
Definition
Characteristics of metro areas with weak urban centers:
lower incomes and property values.
weaker educational infrastructure.
quality and productivity of workers goes down.
low expenditures on infrastructure.
poorer image affects entire metro area.
increased risk perception amongst investors. |
|
|
Term
| What development was closely linked to strong investment in the auto industry in Detroit in the first half of the 20th century? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What were the reasons for this development? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What year did Detroit reach its peak population? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Describe the spatial mismatch with Detroit and its suburbs in terms of their respective populations, racial makeup, and income disparity. |
|
Definition
Spatial Mismatch
most blacks reside in Detroit, most of the jobs in the suburbs.
residential segregation of blacks in Detroit.
higher in Detroit compared to other metropolitan areas.
4 million people in the suburban Detroit area.
96% of whites live in the suburbs. |
|
|
Term
| What are the outcomes or results of this spatial mismatch? |
|
Definition
2000: metro Detroit was the most racially segregated metropolitan area in the U.S.
Oakland County is one of the wealthiest counties in the U.S.
lack of employment opportunities in Detroit.
Detroit residents amongst the poorest of any inner-city residents in the U.S. |
|
|
Term
| Describes the characteristics of Michigan’s population in the northern part of the state (Up North) and southeastern Michigan. What are its differences? |
|
Definition
northern part of the state has some of the least populated territory in the eastern U.S.
entire UP has only a little over 3% of Michigan’s population (about 300,000).
≤ 1 person/km₂ |
|
|
Term
| What two decadal time periods has Michigan’s population grown faster than that of America in general? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| From 1995-2000, what Sunbelt state did Michigan lose more of its population to? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In what age range does Michigan’s population pyramid indicate a bulge? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Is Michigan’s population getting younger or older? Is this trend likely to help or hinder Michigan’s economy in the coming years? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What county’s median age of over 47 years has earned it the label of Michigan’s “Retirement” County? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which area has younger residents: southern Michigan or “Up North”? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where are blacks and minority populations concentrated in Michigan? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where and with whom do we see exceptions to this development? |
|
Definition
Lake County (west-central part of the LP) and the former Idlewild resort area.
Native American populations in the rural UP.
Hispanic concentrations in the southwestern LP.
Fennville (Allegan County), Bangor (Van Buren County)
Many are migrant laborers in the fruit and vegetable orchards.
Arab descendents in the southeastern LP (Dearborn). |
|
|
Term
What city has the highest proportion of Arab population of any city in the nation?
Why did this ethnic group originally come in the 1920s? Why do they continue to come to this day? |
|
Definition
| Dearborn,,originally came in the 1920s for the automotive jobs. |
|
|
Term
| What regions of Michigan have predominantly older homes? |
|
Definition
| the thumb rural areas agricultural areas along the southern border and western UP |
|
|
Term
| What region of Michigan has an unusually large concentration of mobile homes? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What is the 2nd largest industry in Michigan behind manufacturing?
Is this industry growing or declining? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What region of the country (Midwest, Northeast, Northwest, Southeast, or Southwest) do almost half of Michigan’s visitors come from? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What state makes more trips in Michigan than any other? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which county gets the most visitors? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name Michigan’s three national parks. Which one gets over 70% of the visitors? |
|
Definition
Sleeping Bear Dunes National Lakeshore (over 70% of the tourists).
Pictured Rocks National Lakeshore (Alger County, Munising).
Isle Royale National Park (Keweenaw County). |
|
|
Term
| Name Michigan’s three national forests |
|
Definition
Hiawatha National Forest (eastern UP).
Ottawa National Forest (western UP).
Huron-Manistee National Forest (northern LP). |
|
|
Term
| Name Michigan’s three national wildlife refuges |
|
Definition
Seney (UP).
Shiawassee (southern LP).
Michigan Wetland Management District. |
|
|
Term
| What are two kinds of tourism have gained traction in Michigan since the 1990s and promise to contribute to the state’s economic prosperity moving forward? |
|
Definition
| Agri tourism and heritage tourism |
|
|
Term
| Name a public event that you like to attend or participate in Michigan. |
|
Definition
| caseville cheeseburger festival |
|
|
Term
| What is the 3rd largest industry in Michigan behind manufacturing and tourism? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What part of Michigan produces most of our field crops? What are the reasons for that? |
|
Definition
mostly produced across the southern LP, where there are:
good soils
vastly different textures.
available moisture in the top one meter in the soil.
moderate climate |
|
|
Term
| What are the four categories of field crops? Give examples from each category. |
|
Definition
cereals: corn, wheat, oat and barley.
legumes: soybeans and dry edible beans.
forage (hay): alfalfa, straw, clover, grass, and Brassicas (turnips, kale).
root crops: sugar beets and potatoes. |
|
|
Term
| What crops take up the most land area in Michigan? |
|
Definition
1. corn: ~ 2.2 million acres
2. soybean: ~ 2.0 million acres
3. hay: ~ 1.1 million acres
4. wheat: ~ 670,000 acres |
|
|
Term
| What kinds of products is corn grain used for? |
|
Definition
corn grain used in more than 3,700 products.
food (corn syrups, starch).
industry
pharmaceuticals, drugs.
cosmetics
ethanol |
|
|
Term
| What wheat type and class is almost all of Michigan’s wheat made up of? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When is this wheat harvested? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of products is the starch from wheat used for? |
|
Definition
cosmetics and pharmaceuticals.
plastic products.
the manufacture of paper. |
|
|
Term
| In contrast to most Michigan crops, what regions of Michigan produce the most barley? |
|
Definition
| 60% (~12,000 acres) in the UP and northeastern LP. |
|
|
Term
| What consumer products use barley? |
|
Definition
most of crop in Michigan used to feed animals.
used in soups, baby foods, breakfast cereals, snack bars, and cookies. |
|
|
Term
| In what regions of Michigan is the production of dry beans concentrated? |
|
Definition
| concentrated in the Saginaw Valley, Thumb, and central LP. |
|
|
Term
| Where does Michigan rank in the nation with its production of black, navy, small red, light red kidney, and cranberry beans? |
|
Definition
| black*, navy*, small red*, pinto, dark red kidney, light red kidney*, and cranberry* beans (*Michigan 1st in nation). |
|
|
Term
| In what regions of Michigan is the production of sugar beets concentrated? |
|
Definition
| Saginaw Valley, Thumb, and central LP. |
|
|
Term
| What is the only field crop not sold on the open market?--Describe the arrangement between the growers and the Michigan Sugar Company regarding this field crop. |
|
Definition
sugar beets only field crop not sold on the open market, but on a contract with the Michigan Sugar Company.
growers and the company have a Growers Agreement every January.
only a certain amount of acreage is contracted for use to grow the beets.
grower is paid by the ton of beets they deliver to the reception area. |
|
|
Term
| Where are potatoes grown in Michigan? |
|
Definition
grown all over the state in both the LP and the UP.
on sandy soils.
most production in Montcalm and St. Joseph counties. |
|
|
Term
| What action is always done with potatoes in Michigan? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the benefits of this action when timed with computers? |
|
Definition
conserves water
reduces leaching of nitrates and chemicals from the soil. |
|
|
Term
| What is the end product of most of Michigan’s potatoes? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What two counties raise the most pork? |
|
Definition
| Cass and Allegan Counties have more than the next 6 southern counties combined. |
|
|
Term
| What product comprises about 2/3 ($1 billion) of the total field crop industry in Michigan? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How is 90% of Michigan’s milk and dairy products distributed? |
|
Definition
| 90% of Michigan milk is marketed/distributed by a handful of milk cooperatives. |
|
|
Term
| Has the amount of Michigan’s land for vegetables increased or decreased since 1985? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Give reasons for the location of Michigan’s vegetable production in the western and southeastern LP. |
|
Definition
along Lake Michigan, near Lake Erie and Lake St. Clair.
organic soils retain moisture and warm quickly in the spring. |
|
|
Term
| Where are almost all of Michigan’s sweet corn, onions, and radishes sold? Do these vegetable come from larger or smaller farms? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are several actions farmers take to maximize the yield of their vegetable crops? |
|
Definition
| irrigation, pest sprays, direct seeding |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| using plastics for growing covering the crop |
|
|
Term
| Name vegetable types that may be hand-harvested multiple times annually. |
|
Definition
| tomatoes, summer squash, peppers. |
|
|
Term
| What is Michigan’s rank among the states in the production of pickled cucumbers? Fresh carrots and celery? |
|
Definition
Michigan #1 in (pickled) cucumbers (Table 37.2, p. 568).
Michigan #2 in (fresh) carrots (#4 in processed carrots).
Michigan #2 for celery
Michigan #3 for asparagus |
|
|
Term
| What vegetable grown in Michigan may be stored in bulk and sold through the winter? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What fruit crops are Michigan tops in the nation in production? |
|
Definition
tart cherries, 2/3 of the U.S. output.
blueberries |
|
|
Term
| What do the four counties with the most fruit acreage: Van Buren, Berrien, Leelanau, and Oceana, have in common geographically? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Who was the first person to officially document Michigan’s fruit belt? In what year was his work published and presentation made to the state Horticultural Society? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Describe Michigan’s fruit belt geographically.
Is the production of this fruit belt uniform? |
|
Definition
not uniform -presence of Lake Michigan.
westerly winds that made the east side of Lake Michigan a bit warmer in the winter and a bit cooler in the summer. |
|
|
Term
| What factors affect fruit growth? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What temperature characteristics are farmers wary of regarding their fruit crops? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why does Michigan’s precipitation lend itself to bountiful and varied fruit growth? |
|
Definition
maintains leaf and shoot development in the first part of the season.
constant soil moisture critical throughout. |
|
|
Term
| How does snowfall (especially a long and deep season) prepare fruit to grow the following spring? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In what ways does Michigan’s “lake effect” help fruit growth along the fruit belt? |
|
Definition
stores much heat due to its depth.
Lake Michigan rarely freezes in winter.
degree days accumulate much slower near the Lake.
trees begin growing and blossoming later in spring.
trees and blossoms less susceptible to spring frosts (Figure 38.4, p. 590).
late fall freezes delayed, growing season extended.
trees acquire more cold hardiness, a resistance and tolerance.
diurnal variation reduced, maximizing photosynthesis. |
|
|
Term
| How does topography affect Michigan’s fruit growth? |
|
Definition
not too steep, don’t want runoff and/or soil erosion.
facilitate cold air drainage.
want cold air to move to lower areas.
major ridges north of Grand Rapids are excellent such as Sparta, Cedar Springs, and Kent City.
Big Rapids is in a valley, so the cold(er) air stays.
protects from damage of (later) spring frosts and cold winters. |
|
|
Term
| Where are the ridges that facilitate the idea of cold air drainage the best? |
|
Definition
apples grow best on relatively high sites where spring frosts are uncommon.
site and soil requirements not as strict as for other fruits.
bloom later than cherry or peach trees.
may be grown in inland areas.
most varieties tolerate lower winter temperatures.
Kent County (≥21% of acreage), Berrien and Van Buren Counties each about 11%.
pear trees same idea.
raised in some locations in Allegan County not suited for other fruits. |
|
|
Term
| What soil type is best for fruit growth? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What can farmers do with their fruit trees in the winter to promote a healthy crop the following season? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the reasons for the relatively inland location of Kent County producing the most apples in Michigan? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the reasons for the northern location of Leelanau and Grand Traverse Counties growing the most cherries in Michigan (both tart and sweet)? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name the general weather and climate hazards to fruit growth. |
|
Definition
|
|
