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MIC 443: Test 3
Toghest test
41
Microbiology
Undergraduate 4
04/13/2010

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Cards

Term
Phyla of Bacteria
Definition
Aquifiae, Thermotogae, Deinococcus-Thermus, Chlorobi, Chloroflexi, Cyanobacteria, Planctomycetes, Chlamydiae, Spirochaetes, Bacterioidetes, Proteobacteria
Term
Phylum Aquifiae
Definition
Genus: Aquifex
Chemolithoautotrophs: oxidize hydrogen, thiosulfate, sulfur
Term
Phylum Thermotogae
Definition
Genus: Thermotoga
Chemoheterotroph w/ glycolytic pathway
outer sheath structure (toga)
some can tolerate 5 mil rads, genome destroyed then rebuilt
Term
Phylum Deinococcus-Thermus
Definition
Genus: Deinococcus
Spirical or rod-shaped, non-motile, tetrapods
Gram+ but have an outer membrane
Found in fresh water air, ground meat, feces
Lots of Mn(II)
Term
Phylum Chlorobi
Definition
Green Sulfur bacteria
obligate anaerobes
photolithoautotrophs: oxidize hydrogen sulfate, sulfur and hydrogen
chlorosomes to harvest light energy
Term
Phylum Chloroflexi
Definition
Genus: Chloroflexus
Not all members are photosynthetic, some use sulfur and some don't
offers clues into origin of photosynthesis
deeply branching member of the domain
Term
Phylum Cyanobacteria
Definition
Largest and most diverse
Gram- various size and morphology
gas vacuoles, phototaxis
eukaryote-like photosynthetic machinery: PS I&II
Term
Phylum Cyanobacteria cont.
Definition
Genus: Anabena
filamentous species form heterocysts
this is where N2 fixation occurs
PSI makes ATP, but PSII is degraded b/c it produces oxygen that deactivates the nitrogenase enzyme
Term
Where are cyanobacteria found?
Definition
Deep in desert rocks, nutrient-laden ponds and lakes, algal blooms
symbiosis: lichens, protozoa, fungi, plants
Term
Phylum Planctomycetes
Definition

Prokaryotes with compartments?? Compartmentalized cells no peptidoglycan

Gemmata obscuriglobus- nucleoid in nuclear body

Brocadia anamoxidan- anammoxosome for anaerobic ammonia

Planctomycetes- has stalk and holdfast


Term
Phylum Chlamydiae
Definition
obligate intracellular parasites: grows within animal cells-therefore limited metabolism - some appear unable to make ATP
Six genera: Chlamydia best studied
Nonmotile, coccoid, 0.2-1.5 um
unique reproduction: elementary and reticulate bodies
Term
Genera that cause disease
Definition
Chlamydial pneumoniae- bronchitis, sinusitis, 50% of humans have antibodies, athersclerosis found in artery plaque
C. trachomatis- serotypes L1-L3, STD, Lymphogranuloma venereum, produces ulcers and then enlarged lymph nodes, if left untreated irreversible fluid accumulation in genitalia
C. trachomatis- serotypes A-C, greatest single cause of blindness, 20 million blinded/year, over expressed in Native American population, inflamed conjunctiva, reinfection and secondary infections can cause scar tissue leading to blindness
Term
Phylum Spirochates
Definition
Gram-, .1-3 by 5-250 um
outer sheath has few proteins making it hard for immune system to attack
found in mud human mouth on protozoa in termite hindguts
Term
Phylum Spirochaetes: Genus Treponema pallidum
Definition
Genus: treponema pallidum causes syphilis
not highly contagious passes from mom to kid in utero
penicillin used in early stages
symptoms: first chancre, then skin rash, hair loss, malaise fever
later untreated stages: cognitive defects, blindness, insanity
Term
Phylum Spirochaetes: Borrelia Burdorferi
Definition
lyme disease
deer tick vector
expanding ring shaped lesions, flu-like symptoms at first then neurological problems, heart inflammation, arthritis, alzheimer's and MS-like symtoms
Term
Phylum Bacteroidetes
Definition
Anaerobic, gram-, variable morphology, gliding motility no flagella and no movement in liquid, slime trails, low nutrient stimulated
found in oral cavity intestinal tract, rumen
Genus: Bacteroides 30% of bacteria in human feces
Term
Phylum Proteobacteria
Definition
diverse group
gram-, photoautotrophs, chemolithotrophs, chemoheterotrophs
5 classes: alpha, beta, gamma, delta, epsilon
Term
Phylum Proteobacteria: Class α
Definition

oligotrophs, important in agriculture

some can fix N2 and some cause plant disease

members: purple non-sulfur bacteria, anoxygenic photosynthesis, cysts form when nutrients become limiting but not as resistant as endospores

Term

Phylum Protobacteria: Class α

Members

Definition

Rickettsia

Caulobacter

Hypomicrobium

Rhizobium

Agrobacterium

Nitrobacter

Term

Phylum Protobacteria: Class β

Members

Definition

Spirillum

Bordetella

Neiseria

Burkholderia

Thiobacillus

Term

 

Phylum Protobacteria: Class γ

Members

 

Definition

Orders:

Chomatiales

Pseudomonales

Vibronales

Enterobacteriales

Term

 

Phylum Protobacteria: Class Delta

Members

 

 

Definition

Bdellovibrio

Order: Myxococcales

Myxococcus- eat other bacteria, move by gliding, forms multicellular fruiting bodies

Desulfovibrio- turns sediments black, anaerobic sediments, reduce S or SO4 to produce H2S then H2S reacts with Fe to form black FeS

Term

 

Phylum Protobacteria: Class ε

Members

 

Definition

Order: Camyplobacter

    Campylobacter- food borne diarrhea, spontaneous abortion in animals

Helicobacter- Ulcers, H. Pylori

Nautilaceae- Filamentous

 

Term
Rickettsia
Definition
Class alpha of proteobacteria
Gram-, obligate intracellular parasites, insect vector, induces phagocytosis in cell
Rocky Mountain fever(R. rickettsii)
Epidemic (louse borne) typhus (R. prowazekii)
Endemic (Murine) typhus (R. typhi)
Term
Caulobacter
Definition
class alpha of proteobacteria
low nutrient environment such as lakes, no binary fission but instead budding like yeast, prosthecae
Term
Hypomicrobium
Definition
Class alpha of proteobacteria
methyltroph, grows in media w/o added carbon, divides by budding produces hypha then the nucleoid moves into the hypha and it buds off
Term
Rhizobium
Definition
class alpha of proteobacteria
nodules in roots for N2 fixation
Term
Agrobacterium
Definition
class alpha of proteobacteria
plant pathogen cause crown gall in woody plants by injecting its plasmid into plants
Term
Nitrobacter
Definition
member of class alpha of proteobacteria
often chemolithoautotrophic, NH4 into NO2
Term
Spirillum
Definition
Class beta of proteobacteria
spiral, polar flagella, no axial filament
Term
Bordetella
Definition
Class beta of proteobacteria
bacillus causes pertussis/whooping cough Bordetella pertusis
Term
Neisseria
Definition
Class beta of proteobacteria
diplococci Neisseria gonorrhoeae, nesseria meningitides
Term
Burkholderia
Definition
Class beta of proteobacteria
polar flagellum, wide variety of carbon sources (jet fuel), grows in disinfectants, leads to cystic fibrosis
Term
Thiobacillus
Definition
Class beta of proteobacteria
chemoautotroph, oxidizes sulfur, grows in pH 0.5 - acid mine drainage
Term
Order Chomatiales
Definition
Class gamma of proteobacteria
purple sulfur bacteria, photoautolithotrophs: oxidizes H2S, grows in no oxygen sulfide rich sediments
Term
Order Pseudomonales
Definition
Class Gamma of proteobacteria
pseudomonas- bacillus, common in soil- aeruginosa produces pigments, fluorescens produces fluoresces, can feed on jet fuel and disinfectants, convert NO3 to N2
Term
Azotobacter
Definition
Class Gamma of proteobacteria, order pseudomonales
Nitrogen fixers
dont live in nodules
free living
Term
order vibronales
Definition
Class Gamma of proteobacteria
Vibrio- aquatic, curved rods- V. cholera: characterized by 10-15 L of fluid loss, rice water stool, no treatment 50% mortality
V. parahaemolyticus: gastroenteritis, raw shellfish
Term
Order Entero bacteriales
Definition
Class Gamma of proteobacteria
1 Family: enterobacteracae- facultative anaerobes, straight rods, important in clinical setting (used to determine water cont. using API 20E in our gut)
Genus: escherichia: indicates fecal contamination, rarely fatal except for 0157:H7
Genus: Salmonella: all potentially pathogenic, cattle/chicken intestinal tract, all single species, typhoid fever
Term
Order: enterobacteriales (several other disease causing genera)
Definition
Shigella: only in humans
Klebsiella- pneumonia
serratia- cathether colonization
haemophilus- does not cause flu, rather meningitis, ear infections, bronchitis, pneumonia
yersinia pestis- black death black plague
Term
Bdellovibrio
Definition
class delta of proteobacteria
predator, swims 10x faster/rams, e. coli predator not parasite!
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