Term
| Statistical process control (SPC) |
|
Definition
| Involves monitoring the production process to detect and prevent poor quality; statistical procedure using control charts to see if any part of a production process is not functioning properly |
|
|
Term
True or False:
Employee training in SPC is not a fundamental principle of TQM. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A subset of the items produced to use for inspection |
|
|
Term
| All processes have variability - __________ and ___________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ___________ variability is identifiable and correctable. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| SPC is a tool for identifying problems in order to ________________________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A product characteristic that can be evaluated with a discrete response (good/bad, yes/no); qualitative |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A product characteristic that is continuous and can be measured (weight, length); quantitative |
|
|
Term
| A ______________ is a failure to meet customer requirements. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A graph that establishes the control limits of a process |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The upper and lower bands of a control chart |
|
|
Term
| What are the four types of commonly used control charts? |
|
Definition
• p-charts
• c-charts
• mean charts
• range charts |
|
|
Term
| What are the attribute control charts? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the variable control charts? |
|
Definition
• mean charts
• range charts |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the number of standard deviations. |
|
|
Term
True or False:
A sample point can be within the control limits and the process still be out of control. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Uses the proportion defective in a sample |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Uses the number of defective items in a sample |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| it is not possible to compute a proportion defective and the actual number of defects must be used. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Uses the amount of dispersion in a sample |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Uses the process average of a sample |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The difference between the smallest and largest values in a sample; reflects the process variability |
|
|
Term
True or False:
Both the process average and variability must be in control. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A _________ can indicate and out-of-control process even if sample values are within control limits. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A sequence of sample values that display the same characteristic |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Determines if the observations within the limits of a control chart display a nonrandom pattern |
|
|
Term
| What are the general guidelines associated with the zones for identifying patterns in a control chart? |
|
Definition
• eight consecutive points on one side of the center line
• eight consecutive points up or down
• 14 points alternating up or down
• two out of three consecutive points in zone a
• four out of five consecutive points in zone a or B on one side of the centerline |
|
|
Term
| Attribute charts require ________ sample sizes. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Variable charts require _________ sample sizes. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Design specifications reflecting product requirements |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The range of natural variability in a process; what we measure with control charts |
|
|
Term
| If the natural variability in a process exceeds tolerances: |
|
Definition
| the process cannot meet design specifications. |
|
|
Term
| In 6-sigma quality, we have ____ defective PPM, or _____ defects. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the difference between attribute control charts and variable control charts? |
|
Definition
| Attribute charts use discrete values. Variable charts use continuous values. |
|
|
Term
| What is the purpose of a pattern test? |
|
Definition
| To identify if the observations within the limits are showing a nonrandom pattern |
|
|
Term
| What determines the width of the control limits in a process chart? |
|
Definition
| The limits are based on a number of standard deviations (z) from the process average according to a normal distribution. The smaller the value of z, the more narrow the control limits are. |
|
|
Term
| Under what circumstances should a c-chart be used instead of a p-chart? |
|
Definition
| If the proportion defective in a process cannot be determined (i,e., blemishes on a car) |
|
|
Term
| What is the difference between tolerances and control limits? |
|
Definition
| Tolerances are design specs and are externally imposed by designers. Control limits are a statistical measure of the production process and reflect process variability. |
|
|
Term
| Why have companies traditionally used control charts with 3-sigma limits instead of 2-sigma limits? |
|
Definition
| With wider limits, management is less likely to conclude that the process is out of control when points outside of the limits are due to normal, random variations. |
|
|
Term
| Design can provide a _________________ by bringing new ideas to the market quickly. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Visual method of comparing customer perceptions of different products or services |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Comparing a product or process against the best-in-class product |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Carefully dismantling a competitor's product to improve your own product |
|
|
Term
| A feasibility study consists of: |
|
Definition
| A market analysis, an economic analysis, and a technical/strategic analysis. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Assesses whether there's enough demand for the proposed product to invest in developing it further |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Looks at estimates of production and development costs and compares them to estimated sales volume |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Creating, testing, and revising a preliminary design model |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A new approach to design that involves the simultaneous design of products and processes by design teams |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| How the product will look |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| How the product will perform; performance characteristics considered during this phase of design or reliability, maintainability, and usability |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The probability that a product will perform its intended function for a specified period of time |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The ease with which a product is maintained or repaired |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Mean time between failures |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Ease-of-use of a product or service |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| How the product will be made |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Reduces the number of parts, assemblies, or options in a product |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| When commonly available and interchangeable parts are used |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Combines standardized building blocks, or modules, to create unique finished products |
|
|
Term
| Design for manufacture (DFM) |
|
Definition
| Designing a product so that it can be produced easily and economically |
|
|
Term
| Computer aided design (CAD) |
|
Definition
| Assists in the creation, modification, and analysis of a design |
|
|
Term
| Computer aided engineering (CAE) |
|
Definition
| A software system that tests and analyzes designs on the computer screen |
|
|
Term
| Computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) |
|
Definition
| The ultimate design to manufacture connection |
|
|
Term
| CAD and its related technologies produce _______ designs _______. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Product lifecycle management (PLM) |
|
Definition
| Managing the entire lifecycle of a product; storing, retrieving, and updating design data from the product concept through manufacturing, revision, service, and retirement of the product |
|
|
Term
| Collaborative product design (CPD) |
|
Definition
| A software system for collaborative design and development among trading partners |
|
|
Term
| Failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA) |
|
Definition
| Systematic method of analyzing product failures; objective is to anticipate failures and prevent them from occurring |
|
|
Term
| Fault tree analysis (FTA) |
|
Definition
| Visual method for analyzing the interrelationships among failures |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A procedure for eliminating unnecessary features and functions |
|
|
Term
| Extended producer responsibility (EPR) |
|
Definition
| When companies are held responsible for their product even after its useful life |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A seal of approval for environmentally safe products |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A measure of greenhouse gases |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Meeting present needs without compromising future generations |
|
|
Term
| Design for environment (DFE) |
|
Definition
| Designing a product from material that can be recycled or easily repaired rather than discarded |
|
|
Term
| Quality function deployment (QFD) |
|
Definition
| Translates the voice of the customer into technical design requirements |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Yields a product or service designed to withstand variations |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Allowable ranges of variation |
|
|
