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| A report that presents suggested solutions to problems. |
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| Used to narrow the selection of a researcher's search topic; Boolean operands (and, or, not) serve to limit the identified sites. |
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| Derived from findings of a research study. |
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| A statistical analysis technique that, for example, can be used to determine whether a relationship existed between how respondents answered one item and how they answered another. |
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| Boundaries chosen by the researcher(s) to make a project more manageable; they may include the sources and methods chosen for primary and secondary research. |
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| Involves citing the exact words from a source; useful when the writer believes the exact words have a special effect or the writer wants to give the impact of an expert. |
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| A report that travels downward (to employees) in organizations. |
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| Typically involves the study of two or more samples that have exactly the same components before a variable is added to one of the samples; any differences observed are due to the variable. |
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| A type of citation that is used for several purposes: (1) to comment on a source or to provide information that does not fit easily in the text, (2) to support a statistical table, or (3) to refer the reader to another section of the report. |
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| A report prepared for distribution outside an organization such as a company's annual report to stockholders. |
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| A specific, measurable fact from a research study. |
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| A referencing method in which citations are placed at the bottom of the page on which they are cited. |
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| Carefully structured report; it is logically organized and objective, contains much detail, and is written in a style that tends to eliminate such elements as personal pronouns. |
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| A report that serves a specified purpose within a company; includes accounting, marketing, financial, personnel, and a variety of other reports. |
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| Electronic databases not accessible by a search engine that provide access to articles from newspapers, magazines, journals, and other types of publications. |
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| A located website that contains the word(s) specified in the search. |
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| A statement to be proved or disproved through research. |
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| in-text parenthetical citation |
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| A reference that contains abbreviated information within parentheses; directs the reader to a list of sources at the end of a report. |
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| Usually a short message written in natural or personal language such as internal memos. |
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| A report that carries objective information from one area of an organization to another. |
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| A report that travels within an organization such as a production or sales report. |
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| A report that travels between units on the same organizational level; generally used to assist in coordination in the organization. |
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| Boundaries imposed outside the control of the researcher(s); they may include the assignment of the topic, allotted budget, and time for completion of the report. |
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| Reports that study the same factors in different time frames. |
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| The figure obtained when all the values in a distribution (table of values) are totaled and divided by the number of the values. |
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| measures of central tendency |
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| Simple treatments of distributions of quantitative data that attempt to find a single figure to describe the entire distribution. |
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| The middle value in a distribution. |
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| The steps a writer takes in preparing a report; often recorded as a part of the written report; adds credibility to the research process and enables subsequent researchers to repeat, or replicate, the study in another setting or at a later time if desired. (procedures) |
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| The value that occurs most frequently in a distribution. |
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| normative survey research |
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| Undertaken to determine the status of something at a specific time; survey instruments such as questionnaires, opinion surveys, checklists, and interviews are used to obtain information from participants. |
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| States that no relationship or difference will be found in the factors being studied, which tends to remove the element of prejudice toward a certain answer. |
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| The researcher observes and statistically analyzes certain phenomena in order to assist in establishing new principles or discoveries. |
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| Involves summarizing information in the writer's own words without changing the author's intended meaning. |
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| A report that is issued on regularly scheduled dates; it is generally directed upward and serves management-control purposes. |
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| Conducted prior to a full-scale survey; through this means, a smaller number of participants can test the instrument, which can then be revised prior to wide-scale administration. |
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| The presentation of someone else's ideas or words as your own. |
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| Relies on firsthand data (e.g., responses from pertinent individuals or observations of people or phenomena related to the user's study). |
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| The particular problem that is to be solved by the research. |
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| The steps a writer takes in preparing a report; often recorded as a part of the written report; adds credibility to the research process and enables subsequent researchers to repeat, or replicate, the study in another setting or at a later time if desired. (methodology) |
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| A written description of how one organization can meet the needs of another (e.g., provide products or services or solve problems). |
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| The difference between the lowest and highest numbers in a distribution. |
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| A suggested action based on research. |
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| An alphabetical listing of the sources used in preparing the report; also known as works cited or bibliography. |
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| Refers to the level of consistency or stability over time or over independent samples; data is reasonably accurate or repeatable. |
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| An orderly, objective message used to convey information from one organizational area to another or from one organization to another to assist in decision making or problem solving. |
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| A survey technique that eliminates the need for questioning 100 percent of the population; it is based on the principle that a sufficiently large number drawn at random from a population will be representative of the total population. |
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| Helps to establish boundaries in which the report will be researched and prepared. |
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| A cataloged database of websites that allows users to search specific topics. |
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| Provides information that has already been created by others; saves researchers time and effort by not duplicating research that has already been undertaken. |
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| A type of citation that acknowledges the contributions of others. |
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| The goal of the study; includes the aims or objectives the researcher hopes to accomplish. |
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| Techniques used to reduce quantitative data such as numerous answers to questionnaire items (e.g., tabulating the number of males and females participating in the study, along with the appropriate percentages for each gender). |
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| A report that travels upward (to management) in organizations. |
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| Refers to the degree to which the data measure what the researcher intends to measure. |
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| A report that can be upward- or downward-directed; generally used to contribute to management control. |
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