Term
| organizational environment |
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Definition
all elements existing outside the boundary of the organization that have the potential to affect the organization
competitors, resources, technology, economic conditions |
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Definition
indirectly affects the organization
social, economic, legal/political, international, natural, and technological factors |
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directly affects the organization
customers, competitors, suppliers, labor market |
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| work within the legal-political framework to influence companies to behave in socially responsible ways |
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all elements within the organization's boundaries
symbols, stories, heroes, slogans, ceremony |
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| two or more organizations combine to become one |
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| strategic alliance or program by two or more organizations |
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Term
| 4 types of organizational culture |
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Definition
adaptability culture
achievement culture
involvement culture
consistency culture |
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Definition
emerges in an environment that requires fast response and high-risk decision making
employees have autonomy to make decisions and act freely
reward creativity, experimentation, and risk-taking |
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concerned with serving specific customers in the external environment but without the intense need for flexibility and rapid change
value competitiveness, aggressiveness, and willingness to work long and hard to achieve results |
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emphasizes an internal focus on the involvement and participation of employees to adapt rapidly to changing needs from the environment
more like a family
values meeting needs of employees, cooperation, and consideration of both employees and customers |
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uses an internal focus and consistency orientation for a stable environment
mangers prefer employees to be methodical, rational, and orderly
value following the rules, being cost conscious |
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| factor that increases a company's value the most |
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Definition
| people and how they are treated |
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| defines and uses signals and symbols to influence corporate culture |
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| tried to find the style managers have in the workplace |
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Term
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authoritarian style
the average person dislikes work
employees avoid work if they can
as a result, people must be forced with the threat of punishment attached to get the work done
the average person prefers to be directed
relatively not ambitious
want security above all else |
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results driven
issues deadlines/ultimatums
distant/detached from employees
aloof/arrogant
displays a short temper
issues threats to make people follow instructions
doesn't use team building
unconcerned about your welfare
antisocial, doesn't say please or thank you
always blames others |
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Definition
participatory style
effort and work is as natural as play
assume people will have self-control and self-direction
seeks responsibility
high degree of thinking, creativity, imagination
lasseiz-faire |
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Definition
Ouchi
little bit of both styles |
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Definition
| the extent to which trade and investments, information, social and cultural ideas, and political cooperation flow between countries |
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Definition
| domestic, international, multinational, global |
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| offshoring/global outsourcing |
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Definition
seek cheaper resources such as materials or offshore labor
includes exporting, licensing, and direct investing |
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| various tactics managers use to enter foreign markets |
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| the company maintains its production facilities within the home nation and transfers its products for sale in foreign countries |
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| the barter of products for products rather than the sale of products for money |
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| engaging in the international division of labor so that work activities can be done in countries with the cheapest sources of labor and supplies |
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| the management of business operations conducted in more than one country |
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Term
| basic management functions |
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Definition
planning
organizing
leading
controlling |
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| physical facilities such as highways, airports, utilities, and telephone lines that support economic activities |
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| the risk of loss of assets, earning power, or managerial control due to politically based events or actions by host governments |
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| riots, revolutions, civil disorders, and frequent changes in government |
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Term
| Hofstede's Value Dimensions |
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Definition
Power Distances
Individualism
Masculinity
Uncertainty Avoidance
Long Term Orientation
Indulgence vs. Restraint |
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Definition
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the obtainment of organizational goals in an effective and efficient manner through
planning
organizing
leading
controlling |
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Definition
Planning
Organizing
Leading
Controlling |
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Term
| span of management/control |
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Definition
| how many people you are in charge of |
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Definition
organizations effect the external environment in which they operate and vice versa
organizations do not operate in a vacuum |
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synergy
sum total of the system is greater than its individual units |
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| recognizes the cause and effect of each managerial decision |
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| a social entity that is goal-directed and deliberately structured |
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Term
| 5 tasks managers do in any company |
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Definition
set goals
organize work activities
motivate/communicate with employees
measure performance
assist and develop people as necessary |
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| organizational development |
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| improving efficiency through scientific studies |
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Term
| administrative management |
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Definition
| management can be applied to any organization |
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Definition
| intentional slow down of work by workers to mislead managers on how fast work could be done |
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Term
| difference between manager and employee |
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Definition
manager in charge of self AND others
works in an interdependent manner
generalist (vs. specialist) |
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Definition
work is often virtual
lower-level employees empowered to make decisions
free-flowing and flexible |
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Definition
members feel uncomfortable with uncertainty and support beliefs that promise certainty and conformity
Jamaica has Low Uncertainty Avoidance |
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Definition
the ability to see distinct elements of a system/situation and the interaction among elements
relationship among parts forms a whole system |
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| the set of key values, beliefs, understandings, and norms shared by members of an organization |
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Term
| 4 strategies for reducing uncertainty |
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Definition
boundary spanning
inter-organizaional partnerships
mergers
joint ventures |
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Definition
| multiple people gather data about what's going on in an external environment |
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Term
| inter-organizational partnerships |
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Definition
| two or more companies form a partnership |
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Definition
| two or more companies join into one |
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| a new entity is created by two or more organizations |
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Term
| 3 categories of manager roles |
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Definition
informational
interpersonal
decisional |
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Term
| Hofstede's Value Dimensions (+2) |
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Definition
Power Distance
Uncertainty Avoidance
Individualism/Collectivism
Masculinity/Femininity
Long-Term Orientation
Indulgence vs. Restraint |
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Definition
| people accept inequality in power among institutions, organizations, and people |
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Definition
| preference for achievement, heroism, assertiveness, work centrality, and material success |
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| values of cooperation, relationships, group decision making, and quality of life |
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Term
| Global entrance strategies |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
a person’s ability to use reasoning and observation skills to interpret unfamiliar gestures and situations and devise appropriate behavioral responses |
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corporations can alleviate poverty and social ills while making profits
profitable responsibility is essential for sustainability |
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Term
| international trade alliances |
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Definition
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Term
| levels of moral development |
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Definition
pre-conventional
conventional
post-conventional |
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Term
| pre-conventional development |
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Definition
| right and wrong determined by rewards/punishment |
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Definition
realize what you're going to do will affect someone else
avoid blame and seek approval |
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Term
| post-conventional development |
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Definition
abstract notions of justice
rights of others overrides obedience to laws |
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Term
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Definition
| a code of moral standards that dictates the decisions and behaviors you make regarding what is good and bad or right and wrong |
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Term
| utilitarian approach to ethics |
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Definition
| ethical choice is the one that creates the greatest good for the greatest number of people |
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Term
| individualism approach to ethics |
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Definition
| acts are moral when they promote the individual's long-term interest |
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Term
| moral-rights approach to ethics |
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Definition
human beings have fundamental rights/liberties that can't be taken away
best decisions maintain individual's rights |
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Term
| justice approach to ethics |
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Definition
| ethical decisions based on standards of equity, fairness, and impartiality |
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Term
| corporate social responsibility |
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Definition
| management's obligation to make choices and take actions that will contribute to the welfare and interests of society as well as the organization |
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Term
| approaches to ethical decision making |
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Definition
utilitarian approach
individualism approach
moral-rights approach
justice approach
virtue ethics approach
practical approach |
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Term
| virtue ethics approach to ethics |
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Definition
moral behavior stems from personal virtues
manager behaves in a way that does not violate personal virtues |
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| practical approach to ethics |
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Definition
| bases decisions on prevailing standards of the profession and the larger society, with interest of all stakeholders in mind |
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Definition
| economic development that generates wealth and meets the needs of the current population while preserving the environment for the needs of future generations |
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Term
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Definition
any group within or outside the organization that has an interest in the organization's performance
shareholders, employees, customers, and suppliers |
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