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MGMT 3312- Management theory
chapter 2 powerpoint
62
Marketing
Undergraduate 3
02/07/2018

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Term
The Historical Perspective
Classical Viewpoint (1911-1947)
Definition
Emphasis on ways to manage work more efficiently
Term
The Historical Perspective
Behavioral Viewpoint (1913- 1950s)
Definition
Emphasis on importance of understanding human behavior and motivating and encouraging employees toward achievement
Term
The Historical Perspective
Quantitative Viewpoints (1940s- 1950s)
Definition
Applies quantitative techniques to management
Term
The Contemporary Perspective
The Systems Viewpoint
Definition
Regards the organizations systems of interrelated parts that operate together to achieve a common purpose
Term
The Contemporary Perspective
The Contingency Viewpoint
Definition
Emphasized that a manager's approach should vary according to the individual and environmental situation
Term
The Contemporary Perspective
The Quality-Management Viewpoint
Definition
Three approaches
Term
Scientific Management
Definition
emphasized scientific study of work methods to improve productivity of individual workers
Term
Proponents of scientific management
Definition
Fredrick W. Taylor
Frank and Lilian Gilbreth
Term
Administrative Management
Definition
concerned with managing the total organization
Term
Proponents of administrative management
Definition
Henri Fayol
Max Weber
Term
Human Relations Movement (HR)
Definition
proposed better human relations could increase worker productivity
Term
Proponents of HR movement
Definition
Abraham Maslow
Douglas McGregor
Term
Behavioral Science approach
Definition
relies on scientific research for developing theory to provide management tools
Term
Management Science
Definition
Focuses on using math to aid in problem solving and decision making
Term
Operations Management
Definition
Focuses on managing the production and delivery of an organization's products or services more effectively
Term
Classical Viewpoint: Scientific Management
Definition
Emphasized the scientific study of work methods to improve the productivity of individual workers
Term
Taylor’s principles of scientific management
1/4
Definition
Scientifically study each part of the task
Term
Taylor’s principles of scientific management
2/4
Definition
Carefully select workers with the right abilities
Term
Taylor’s principles of scientific management
3/4
Definition
Give workers the training and incentives to do the task properly
Term
Taylor’s principles of scientific management
4/4
Definition
Use scientific principles to plan the work methods
Term
The Gilbreths and Motion Studies
Definition
Identified 17 basic motions and applied them to work processes to determine whether the tasks could be done more efficiently
Term
Henri Fayol (1841-1925)
Definition
First to identify functions of management:
- Planning
- Organizing
- Leading
- Controlling
- Coordinating
Term
Administrative Management – Max Weber
Definition
German sociologist and philosopher
Term
Behavioral viewpoint phases
Definition
1) Early behaviorism
2) HR Movement
3) Behavioral science
Term
Early Behaviorism:
Hugo Munsterberg (1863-1916)
Definition
Known as the Father of Industrial Psychology
Term
Early Behaviorism:
Mary Parker Follett (1868-1933)
Definition
A social worker and social philosopher, she made very important contributions to the fields of civics and sociology.
Term
Hawthorne effect
Definition
Employees worked harder if they received added attention, and thought that managers cared about their welfare and that supervisors paid special attention to them.
Term
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs 1/5:
Self Acutualazation
Definition
Need for self-fulfillment
using abilities to the fullest
Term
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs 2/5:
Esteem
Definition
Need for self respect, status, reputation, self confidence
Term
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs 3/5:
Love
Definition
need for love friendship and affection
Term
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs 4/5:
Safety
Definition
Need for physical safety, avoidance of violence
Term
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs 5/5:
Physiological
Definition
need for food, clothing, self-preservation
Term
Douglas McGregor
Definition
Theory X versus Theory Y
Term
Theory X
Definition
- Has a pessimistic, negative view of workers
- Workers are irresponsible, resistant to change, lack ambition, hate work, and want to be led
Term
Theory Y
Definition
- Has an optimistic, positive view of workers
- Workers are considered capable of accepting responsibility, self-direction, self control, and being creative
Term
The disciplines of behavioral science include
Definition
psychology, sociology, anthropology, and economics
Term
Quantitative viewpoint
Definition
Application to management of quantitative techniques, such as statistics and computer simulations
Term
Quantitative viewpoint
includes:
Definition
1) Management science
2) Operations management
Term
Operations management: concerned with
Definition
work scheduling, production planning, facilities location and design, and optimum inventory levels
Term
Approaches to The Quality-Management Viewpoint 1/3
Definition
Quality Control: strategy for minimizing errors by managing each state of production
Term
Approaches to The Quality-Management Viewpoint 2/3
Definition
Quality Assurance: Focuses on the performance of workers urging employees to strive for "zero defects"
Term
Approaches to The Quality-Management Viewpoint 3/3
Definition
Total Quality Management: Comprehensive approach dedicated to continuous quality improvement, training, and customer satisfaction
Term
Systems Viewpoint
Part #1
Definition
Inputs: the people, money, info, equipment, and materials required to produce goods or services
Term
Systems Viewpoint
Part #2
Definition
Transformational Processes: the capabilities in management and tech that are applied to converting inputs into outputs
Term
Systems Viewpoint
Part #3
Definition
Outputs: the products, services, profits, losses, employees satisfaction or discontent
Term
Systems Viewpoint
Part #4
Definition
Feedback: info about the reaction of the environment to the outputs, which affects the inputs
Term
Closed systems
Definition
Organizations that have little interaction with their environment
Term
Open systems
Definition
Organizations that continually interact with their environment; have the potential to produce synergy
Term
Complexity theory – the ultimate open system
Definition
Recognizes that all complex systems are networks of many interdependent parts that interact with each other according to certain simple rules
Term
Evidence-based management
Definition
Translating principles based on best evidence into organizational practice, and bringing rationality to the decision making process
Term
Quality
Definition
Total ability of a product or service to meet customer needs
Term
Quality control
Definition
The strategy for minimizing errors by managing each stage of production
Term
Quality assurance
Definition
Focuses on the performance of workers, urging employees to strive for “zero defects”
Term
Total Quality Management (TQM)
Definition
A comprehensive approach dedicated to continuous quality improvement, training, and customer satisfaction
Term
TQM: Step 1
Definition
Make continuous improvement a priority.
Term
TQM: Step 2
Definition
Get every employee involved.
Term
TQM: Step 3
Definition
Listen to and learn from customers and employees.
Term
TQM: Step 4
Definition
Use accurate standards to identify and eliminate problems.
Term
Learning organization
Definition
Organization that actively creates, acquires, and transfers knowledge within itself and is able to modify its behavior to reflect new knowledge
Term
Steps to creating a learning organization
#1
Definition
Build a commitment to learning
Term
Steps to creating a learning organization
#2
Definition
Work to generate ideas with impact
Term
Steps to creating a learning organization
#3
Definition
Work to generalize ideas with impact
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