Term
The Historical Perspective
Classical Viewpoint (1911-1947) |
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Definition
| Emphasis on ways to manage work more efficiently |
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Term
The Historical Perspective
Behavioral Viewpoint (1913- 1950s) |
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Definition
| Emphasis on importance of understanding human behavior and motivating and encouraging employees toward achievement |
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Term
The Historical Perspective
Quantitative Viewpoints (1940s- 1950s) |
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Definition
| Applies quantitative techniques to management |
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Term
The Contemporary Perspective
The Systems Viewpoint |
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Definition
| Regards the organizations systems of interrelated parts that operate together to achieve a common purpose |
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Term
The Contemporary Perspective
The Contingency Viewpoint |
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Definition
| Emphasized that a manager's approach should vary according to the individual and environmental situation |
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Term
The Contemporary Perspective
The Quality-Management Viewpoint |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| emphasized scientific study of work methods to improve productivity of individual workers |
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Term
| Proponents of scientific management |
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Definition
Fredrick W. Taylor
Frank and Lilian Gilbreth |
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Term
| Administrative Management |
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Definition
| concerned with managing the total organization |
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Term
| Proponents of administrative management |
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Definition
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Term
| Human Relations Movement (HR) |
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Definition
| proposed better human relations could increase worker productivity |
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Term
| Proponents of HR movement |
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Definition
Abraham Maslow
Douglas McGregor |
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Term
| Behavioral Science approach |
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Definition
| relies on scientific research for developing theory to provide management tools |
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Term
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Definition
| Focuses on using math to aid in problem solving and decision making |
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Term
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Definition
| Focuses on managing the production and delivery of an organization's products or services more effectively |
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Term
| Classical Viewpoint: Scientific Management |
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Definition
| Emphasized the scientific study of work methods to improve the productivity of individual workers |
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Term
Taylor’s principles of scientific management
1/4 |
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Definition
| Scientifically study each part of the task |
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Term
Taylor’s principles of scientific management
2/4 |
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Definition
| Carefully select workers with the right abilities |
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Term
Taylor’s principles of scientific management
3/4 |
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Definition
| Give workers the training and incentives to do the task properly |
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Term
Taylor’s principles of scientific management
4/4 |
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Definition
| Use scientific principles to plan the work methods |
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Term
| The Gilbreths and Motion Studies |
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Definition
| Identified 17 basic motions and applied them to work processes to determine whether the tasks could be done more efficiently |
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Term
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Definition
First to identify functions of management:
- Planning
- Organizing
- Leading
- Controlling
- Coordinating |
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Term
| Administrative Management – Max Weber |
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Definition
| German sociologist and philosopher |
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Term
| Behavioral viewpoint phases |
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Definition
1) Early behaviorism
2) HR Movement
3) Behavioral science |
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Term
Early Behaviorism:
Hugo Munsterberg (1863-1916) |
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Definition
| Known as the Father of Industrial Psychology |
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Term
Early Behaviorism:
Mary Parker Follett (1868-1933) |
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Definition
| A social worker and social philosopher, she made very important contributions to the fields of civics and sociology. |
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Term
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Definition
| Employees worked harder if they received added attention, and thought that managers cared about their welfare and that supervisors paid special attention to them. |
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Term
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs 1/5:
Self Acutualazation |
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Definition
Need for self-fulfillment
using abilities to the fullest |
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Term
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs 2/5:
Esteem |
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Definition
| Need for self respect, status, reputation, self confidence |
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Term
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs 3/5:
Love |
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Definition
| need for love friendship and affection |
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Term
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs 4/5:
Safety |
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Definition
| Need for physical safety, avoidance of violence |
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Term
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs 5/5:
Physiological |
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Definition
| need for food, clothing, self-preservation |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
- Has a pessimistic, negative view of workers
- Workers are irresponsible, resistant to change, lack ambition, hate work, and want to be led |
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Term
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Definition
- Has an optimistic, positive view of workers
- Workers are considered capable of accepting responsibility, self-direction, self control, and being creative |
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Term
| The disciplines of behavioral science include |
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Definition
| psychology, sociology, anthropology, and economics |
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Term
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Definition
| Application to management of quantitative techniques, such as statistics and computer simulations |
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Term
Quantitative viewpoint
includes: |
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Definition
1) Management science
2) Operations management |
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Term
| Operations management: concerned with |
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Definition
| work scheduling, production planning, facilities location and design, and optimum inventory levels |
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Term
| Approaches to The Quality-Management Viewpoint 1/3 |
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Definition
| Quality Control: strategy for minimizing errors by managing each state of production |
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Term
| Approaches to The Quality-Management Viewpoint 2/3 |
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Definition
| Quality Assurance: Focuses on the performance of workers urging employees to strive for "zero defects" |
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Term
| Approaches to The Quality-Management Viewpoint 3/3 |
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Definition
| Total Quality Management: Comprehensive approach dedicated to continuous quality improvement, training, and customer satisfaction |
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Term
Systems Viewpoint
Part #1 |
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Definition
| Inputs: the people, money, info, equipment, and materials required to produce goods or services |
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Term
Systems Viewpoint
Part #2 |
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Definition
| Transformational Processes: the capabilities in management and tech that are applied to converting inputs into outputs |
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Term
Systems Viewpoint
Part #3 |
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Definition
| Outputs: the products, services, profits, losses, employees satisfaction or discontent |
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Term
Systems Viewpoint
Part #4 |
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Definition
| Feedback: info about the reaction of the environment to the outputs, which affects the inputs |
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Term
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Definition
| Organizations that have little interaction with their environment |
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Term
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Definition
| Organizations that continually interact with their environment; have the potential to produce synergy |
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Term
| Complexity theory – the ultimate open system |
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Definition
| Recognizes that all complex systems are networks of many interdependent parts that interact with each other according to certain simple rules |
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Term
| Evidence-based management |
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Definition
| Translating principles based on best evidence into organizational practice, and bringing rationality to the decision making process |
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Term
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Definition
| Total ability of a product or service to meet customer needs |
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Term
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Definition
| The strategy for minimizing errors by managing each stage of production |
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Term
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Definition
| Focuses on the performance of workers, urging employees to strive for “zero defects” |
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Term
| Total Quality Management (TQM) |
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Definition
| A comprehensive approach dedicated to continuous quality improvement, training, and customer satisfaction |
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Term
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Definition
| Make continuous improvement a priority. |
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Term
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Definition
| Get every employee involved. |
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Term
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Definition
| Listen to and learn from customers and employees. |
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Term
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Definition
| Use accurate standards to identify and eliminate problems. |
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Term
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Definition
| Organization that actively creates, acquires, and transfers knowledge within itself and is able to modify its behavior to reflect new knowledge |
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Term
Steps to creating a learning organization
#1 |
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Definition
| Build a commitment to learning |
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Term
Steps to creating a learning organization
#2 |
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Definition
| Work to generate ideas with impact |
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Term
Steps to creating a learning organization
#3 |
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Definition
| Work to generalize ideas with impact |
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