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MGMT 311 - Test 1
Chapter 7
22
Management
Undergraduate 3
02/17/2013

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Term
perception
Definition
the process of interpreting one's environment
Term
social perception
Definition
involves observing and interpreting information about others to be able to understand them and prepare our responses to them
Term
stages of perception
Definition

selective attention/comprehension

encoding and simplification

storage and retention

retrieval and response

Term

selective attention/comprehension

 

Definition
process of becoming consciously aware of something or someone
Term
encoding and simplification
Definition
before information can be stored, we must interpret or trasnlate it into mental representations. to do this, when we perceive stimuli, we assign pieces of the information to cognitive categories - mental depositories containing a number of objects that are considered equivalent
Term
storage and retention
Definition
long-term memory consists of separate but connected categories containing different types of information - long-term memory is made up of three compartments containing categories of information about events (specific & general), semantic materials (information about the world), and people (individuals or groups)
Term
retrieval and response
Definition
we rely on the information in our memory when we need to make judgments and decisions
Term
stereotype
Definition
an individual's set of beliefs about the characteristics of a group of people
Term
pygmalion effect
Definition
someone's high expectations for another person result in high performance
Term
galatea effect
Definition
an individual's high self-expectations lead to high performance
Term
golem effect
Definition
loss in performance due to low leader expectations
Term
model of the self-fulfilling prophecy
Definition

high supervisory expectancy produces better leadership

leading employees to develop higher self-expectations

higher expectaions motivate workers to exert greater effort

thus increasing performance and supervisory expectancies

self-fulfilling prophecy works in both positive and negative directions

Term
casual attributions
Definition
suspected or inferred causes of behavior
Term
internal factors
Definition
personal characteristics that cause behavior
Term
external factors
Definition
environmental characteristics that cause behavior
Term
consensus
Definition
involves the comparison of an individual's behavior with that of his or her peers or other people
Term
Kelly's attribution model
Definition

consensus

distinctiveness

consistency

Term
distinctiveness
Definition
determined by comparing a person's behavior on one task with his or her behavior on other tasks
Term
low distinctiveness
Definition
when a person performs about the same on each of 5 tasks
Term
high distinctiveness
Definition
when one person performs differently on each of five tasks
Term
consistency
Definition
determined by judging if the individual's performance on a given task is consistent over time - low consistency leads to external attributions
Term
fundamental attribution bias
Definition
ignoring environmental factors that affect behavior
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