Shared Flashcard Set

Details

mgmt 308 test 2
mgmt 308 test 2
65
Business
Undergraduate 3
04/06/2012

Additional Business Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
global corporate citizenship
Definition
refers to putting an organization's commitment to social and environmental responsiblikty into practice worldwide, not only locally or regionally.
Term
bottom of the pyramid
Definition
one way that many businesses carry out their citienship mision is to think creatively about how to develop products and services that meet the needs of the world's poor
Term
citizenship profile
Definition
fits the setting in which the company is working for.
Term
deparment of corporate citizenship
Definition
to centralize under common leadership wide ranging corporate citizenship functions.
Term
elementary stage
Definition
at this stage, citizenship is undeveloped. Managers are uninterested and uninvolved in social issues. At this stage, companies obey the law, they do not move into compliance. Companies tend to be defensive; they react only when threaten. Communication with stake holders is one way, from company to stakeholder.
Term
engaged stage
Definition
companies typically become aware of changing public expectations and see the need to maintain their license to operate.
Term
innovative stage
Definition
at this stage, organizations may become aware that they lack the capacity to carry out commitments, prompting a wave of structural innovation.
Term
integrated stage
Definition
companies see the need to build more coherent initatives.
Term
transforming stage
Definition
the fifth and highest stage in the model. Companies at thisstage have visionary leaders and are motivated by a higher sense of corporate purpose.
Term
performance audit
Definition
a systematic evaluation of an organization's social, ethical and environmental performance.
Term
social equity
Definition
many businesses asses the social benefits and costs through their social performance audit
Term
balanced scorecard
Definition
introduced by two professors robert kaplan and david norton, this is a focused set of key financial and nonfinancial indicators, with four quadrants or perspectives-internal business processes, learning and growth, customer and financial.
Term
triple bottom line
Definition
the measurement of an organization on the basis of its economic results, environmental impact and contribution to social well being.
Term
public policy
Definition
is a plan of action undertaken by govt officials to achieve some broad purpose affecting a substantial segment of a nation's citizens.
Term
monetary policy
Definition
refers to the policies that affect the suply, demand and value of a nation's currency.
Term
regulation
Definition
is a primary way of accomplishing public policy
Term
market failure
Definition
the marketplace fails to adjust prices for the true costs of a firm's behavior.
Term
natural monopolies
Definition
where a concentration of the market is acquired by a few firms due to the nature of the industry rather than because of company practices.
Term
economic regulations
Definition
aim to modify the normal operation of the free market and forces of supply and demand. antitrust laws prohibit unfiar, anticompetitive practices by businesses
Term
predatory pricing
Definition
the practice of selling below cost to drive rivals out of business.
Term
social regulations
Definition
are aimed at such important social goals as protecting consumers and the environment and providing workers with safe and healthy working conditions.
Term
deregulation
Definition
is the removal or scaling down of regulatory authority and regulatory activites of government.
Term
reregulation
Definition
increase or expansion of govt regulation, esp in areas where the regulatory activites had previously been reduced.
Term
corporate political strategy
Definition
involves the "activites taken by organizations to acquire, develop and use power to bobtain an advantage." This advantage may involve for example, changing or not changing a particular allocation of resources such as government support for a project supported by business.
Term
infromation strategy
Definition
where businesses seek to provide government policymakers with infrormation to influence their actions, such as lobbying.
Term
financial incentives strategy
Definition
where businesses provide incentives to influence government policymakers to act in a certain way, such as making a contribution to a political action committee that supports the policy maker.
Term
lobbying
Definition
many companies hire full time representatives in DC, state capitals or local cities to keep abreast of developments that may affect the company, and when neccessary to communicate with govt officials.
Term
revolving door
Definition
businesses sometimes hire former govt officials as lobbyists and political advisers. These individuals bring with them their personal connections
Term
business roundtable
Definition
one of the most effective organizations promoting direct communications between business and policymakers.
Term
political action committes
Definition
are independently incorporated organizations that can solicit contributions and then channel those funds to canidates seeking political office.
Term
economic leverage
Definition
occurs when a business uses its economic power to threaten to leave acity, state or country unless a desired political action is taken.
Term
advocacy advertising
Definition
focus on a particular product or service, like most ads, but rather on a company's views on controversial political issues. They are also called issue advertisements, can appear in newspapers, tv, or in other media outlets
Term
trade associations
Definition
coalitions of companies in the same or related industries-to coordinate their grassroots mobilization campaigns. Ex of this include National realtors associations, national federation of independent business.
Term
soft money
Definition
unlimited contributions to the national political parties by individuals or organizations for party building activiites.
Term
527 organizations
Definition
named after their provision in the tax code. These organizations provide potential contributors with a new and legal way to influence the election of a canidate or bring attention to a political issue.
Term
commons
Definition
is a shared resource, such as land, air, or water, that a group of people use collectively.
Term
stockholders
Definition
are the legal owners of business corporations. By purchasing shares of a company's stock, they become part owners.
Term
individual stockholders
Definition
are people who directly own shares of stock issued by companies.
Term
institutions
Definition
such as pensions, mutual funds, insurance companies and university endowments, also own stock. Ex. mutual funds such as fidelity and pensions such as California public employees retirement system buy stock on behalf of their vinvestors or members.
Term
proxy
Definition
those not attending are given an opportunity to vote by bsentee ballot
Term
corporate governance
Definition
refers to the process by which a company is controlled or governed
Term
board of directors
Definition
plays a central role in corporate governance. The board of directors is an elected group of individuals who have a legal duty to establish corporate objectives, develop board policies, and select top level personnel to carry out these objections and policies.
Term
social investment
Definition
sometimes called social responsibility investment. REfers t o the use of stock ownership as a strategy for promoting social objectives.
Term
social responsibility sharholder resoltuions
Definition
a resolution on an issue of corporate social responsibility placed before stock holders for a vote at the company's annual meeting.
Term
shareholder lawsuits
Definition
may be initiated to check many abuses, including insider trading, an inadequate price obtained for the company's stock in a buyout or lush executive pension benefits.
Term
securities and exchange commission
Definition
eestablished in 1934 in the wake of the stok market crash and the great depression, its mission is to protect stockholders' rights by making sure that stock markets are run fairly and that investment information is fully disclosed.
Term
insider trading
Definition
ocurs when a person gains access to confidential info aobout a company's financial condition adn then uses that information, before it becomes public knowledge , to buy or sell the company's stock.
Term
consumer movement
Definition
organized, collective efforts by consumers to safeguard their own rights in many nations.
Term
consumer protection laws
Definition
safeguards reflect the goals of govt policymakers and regulators in the context of the five rights of consumers outlined above.
Term
deceptive advertising
Definition
illegal in most countries. Manufacturers may not make false or misleading claims about their own product or a competirtor's product, withhold relevant info ro create unreasonable expectations.
Term
consumer privacy
Definition
a consumer's right to be protectedfrom the unwanteeed collection and use of info about that individual for use in marketing.
Term
product liability
Definition
refers to the legal responsibility of a firm for injuries caused by something it made or sold.
Term
alternative dispute resolution
Definition
a promising approach to resolving product liability conflicts without going to court.
Term
quality managment
Definition
refers to "all the measures an organization takes to assure quality".
Term
product recall
Definition
occurs when a company, either voluntarily or under an agreement wth a govt agency takes back all items found to be dangerously defective.
Term
globalization
Definition
refers to the increasing movement of goods, services and capital across national borders. It is an ongoing series of interrelated events.
Term
foreign direct investment
Definition
occurs when a company, individual or fund invests money in another country for example, buying shares of stock in or lending money to a foreign firm.
Term
international financial and trade institutions
Definition
institutions, such as the world bank, international monetary fund, world trade organization, that establish the rules by which international commerce is conducted.
Term
international monetary fund
Definition
founded at the same time as the bank. Purpose is to make currency exchange easier for member countries tso they can participate in global trade.
Term
world trade organization
Definition
promote free trade, that is to eliminate barriers to trade among nations, such as quotas, duties, and tariffs.
Term
WORLD BANK
Definition
was set up in 1944 near the end of WWII to provide economic development loans to its member nations. Its main motivation at that time was to help rebuild war torn ecnomoies of europe Today it is toen of the larges t sources of economic development assitstance; it provided almost 25 billion in loans in 208 for loans, dams, power plants, and other infrastructure projects as well as education, health, etc.
Term
free enterprise systems
Definition
based on the principle of voluntary association and exchange. In such a system, people with goods and services to sell take them voluntarily to the marketplace, seeking toexchange them for money or other goods or services.
Term
central state control
Definition
in which economic power is concentrated in the hands of government offiials and polticial authorities. The central government owns the property that is used to produce goods and services.
Term
constructive engagement
Definition
beleives that when transnational corporations operate according to strong moral principles they can become a force for positive change in other nations where they operate.
Term
civil society
Definition
comprises nonprofit, educational, religious, commuity, and interest group organizations that is social organizations that do not haeve a commercial or governmental purpose.
Supporting users have an ad free experience!