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MGMT 3000
Chapter 6
42
Management
Undergraduate 3
10/07/2007

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Term
Organization Structure and design
Definition
The set of elements that can be used to configure an organization
Term
job specialization
Definition
the degree to which the overall task of the organization is broken down into smaller component parts
Term
job rotation
Definition
an alternative to job specialization that involves systematically moving employees from one job to another
Term
job enlargement
Definition
an alternative to job specialization that involves giving the employee more tasks to perform
Term
job enrichment
Definition
an alternative to job specialization that involves increasing both the number of tasks the worker does and the control the worker has over the job.
Term
job characteristics approach
Definition
an alternative to job specialization that suggests that jobs should be diagnosed and improved along 5 core dimensions, taking into account both the work system and employee preferences
Term
work team
Definition
an alternative to job specialization that allows an entire group to design the work system it will use to perform an interrelated set of tasks.
Term
departmentalization
Definition
the process of grouping jobs according to some logical arrangement
Term
functional departmentalization
Definition
grouping jobs that involve the same or similar activities
Term
product departmentalization
Definition
grouping activities around products or product groups
Term
customer departmentalization
Definition
grouping activities to respond to and interact with specific customers or customer groups
Term
location departmentalization
Definition
grouping jobs on the basis of defined geographic sites or areas
Term
chain of command
Definition
a clear and distinct line of authority among the positions in an organization
Term
span of management
Definition
the number of people who report to a particular manager
Term
authority
Definition
power that has been legitimized by the organization
Term
delegation
Definition
the process by which a manager assigns a portion of his or her total workload to other
Term
decentralization
Definition
the process of systematically delegating power and authority throughout the organization to middle and lower level managers
Term
centralization
Definition
the process of systematically retaining power and authority in the hands of higher level managers
Term
coordination
Definition
the process of linking the activities of the various departments of the organization
Term
pooled interdependence
Definition
a form of interdependence in which units operate with little interaction, and their output is simply pooled
Term
sequential interdependence
Definition
a form of interdependence in which the output of one unit becomes the input for another in sequential fashion
Term
reciprocal interdependence
Definition
a form of interdependence in which activities flow both ways between units
Term
bureaucracy
Definition
a model of organization design based on a legitimate and formal system of authority
Term
situational view of organization design
Definition
a view of organization design that is based on the assumption that the optimal design for any given organization depends on a set of relevant situational factors.
Term
technology
Definition
conversion process used to transform inputs into outputs
Term
mechanistic organization
Definition
an organization design that is similar to the bureaucratic model but is most frequently found in stable environments
Term
organic organization
Definition
a very flexible and informal model of organization design, most often found in unstable and unpredictable environments
Term
integration
Definition
the degree to which the various subunits in an organization must work together in a coordinated fashion.
Term
organizational size
Definition
the total number of fulltime or full time equivalent employees
Term
organizational life cycle
Definition
progression through which organizations evolve as the grow and mature
Term
functional (u-form) design
Definition
an organization design based on the functional approach to departmentalization
Term
conglomerate (h-form) design
Definition
an organization design used by an organization made up of a set of unrelated businesses.
Term
divisional (m-form) design
Definition
an organization design based on multiple businesses in related areas operating within a larger organizational framework
Term
matrix design
Definition
an organization design based on two overlapping bases of departmentalization.
Term
team organizatoin
Definition
an organization that relies almost exclusively on project-type teames, with little or no underlying functional hierarchy.
Term
virtual organization
Definition
an organization that has little or no formal structure.
Term
learning organization
Definition
an organization that works to facilitate the lifelong learning and personal development of all of its employees, while continuously transforming itself ito respond to changing demands and needs.
Term
Identify the basic elements of organizations
Definition
organizations are made up of five basic elements,
job specialization
departmentalizations
reporting relationships
distribution of authority
coordination
Term
describe the bureaucratic perspective on organization
Definition
one early universal model of organizatoin design is the bureaucratic model, which attempts to prescribe how all organizations should be designed. It is based on the presumed need for legitimate, logical, and formal rules, regulations, and procedures.
Term
identify and explain several situational influences on organization design
Definition
the situational view of organization design is based on the assumption that the optimal organization design is a function of situational factors.
4 imprtant situational factors are
technology
environment
size
organizational life cycle
Term
describe the basic forms of organization design that characterize many organizations
Definition
many organizations today adopt one of four basic organization designs;
functional - u form
conglomerate - h form
divisional - m form
matrix design

other organizations use a hybrid design derived from two or more of these.
Term
describe emerging issues in organization design
Definition
three emerging forms of organization design are
the team organization
the virtual organization
the learning organization
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