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MGMT 300 Chapter 2
chapter 2
26
Management
Undergraduate 3
09/22/2008

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Term
Social Forces
Definition
The aspects of a culture that guide and influence relationships among people--their values, needs, and standards of behavior
Term
Political Forces
Definition
the influence of political and legal institutions on people and organizations
Term
Economic Forces
Definition
Forces that affect the availability, production, and distribution of a society's resources among competing users.
Term
Scientific Management
Definition
A subfield of the classical management perspective that emphasized scientifically determined changes in management practices as the solution to improving labor productivity.
Term
Bureaucratic Organization
Definition
A subfield of the classical management perspective that emphasized management on an impersonal, rational basis through such elements as clearly defined authority and responsibility, formal record-keeping, and separation of management and ownership.
Term
Administrative Principles
Definition
A subfield of the classical management perspective that focused on the total organization rather than the individual worker, delineating the management functions of planning, organizing, commanding, coordinating, and controlling.
Term
Humanistic Perspective
Definition
A management perspective that emerged around the late 19th century that emphasized understanding human behavior, needs, and attitudes in the workplace.
Term
Hawthorne Studies
Definition
A series of experiments on worker productivity begun in 1924 at the Hawthorne plant of Western Electric Company in Illinois; attributed employees' increased output to managers' better treatment of them during the study
Term
Human Relations Movement
Definition
A movement in management thinking and practice that emphasized satisfaction of employees' basic needs as the key to increased worker productivity
Term
Human Resources Perspective
Definition
A management perspective that suggests jobs should be designed to meet higher-level needs by allowing workers to use their full potential.
Term
Behavioral Sciences Approach
Definition
A subfield of the humanistic management perspective that applies social science in an organizational context, drawing from economics, psychology, sociology, and other disciplines.
Term
Management Science Perspective
Definition
A management perspective that emerged after World War II and applied mathematics, statistics, and other quantitative techniques to managerial problems
Term
System
Definition
a set of interrelated parts that function as a whole to achieve a common purpose.
Term
Systems Theory
Definition
An extension of the humanistic perspective that describes organizations as open systems that are characterized by entropy, synergy, and subsystem interdependence.
Term
Open System
Definition
A system that interacts with the external environment.
Term
Closed System
Definition
A system that does not interact with the external environment.
Term
Entropy
Definition
The tendency for a system to run down and die.
Term
Synergy
Definition
The concept that the whole is greater than the sum of its parts.
Term
Subsystems
Definition
Parts of a system that depend on one another for their functioning.
Term
Contingency View
Definition
An extension of the humanistic perspective in which the successful resolution of organizational problems is thought to depend on managers' identification of key variations in the situation at hand.
Term
Total Quality Management
Definition
A concept that focuses on managing the total organization to deliver quality to customers. Four significant elements of TQM are employee involvement, focus on the customer, benchmarking, and continuous improvement.
Term
Learning Organization
Definition
An organization which everyone is engaged in identifying and solving problems, enabling the organization to continuously experiment, improve, and increase its capability.
Term
e-Business
Definition
Work an organization does by using electronic linkages.
Term
e-Commerce
Definition
Business exchanges or transactions that occur electronically.
Term
Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP)
Definition
Systems that unite a company's major business functions--order processing, product design, purchasing, inventory, and so on.
Term
Knowledge Management
Definition
The efforts to systematically find, organize, and make available a company's intellectual capital and to foster a culture of continuous learning and knowledge sharing.
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