Term
|
Definition
| the scientific study of the links between biological and physiological processes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a nerve cell; the basic building block of the nervous system |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the neuron's bushy, branching extensions the receive messages and conduct impulses toward the cell body |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the neuron's extension that passes message through its branching terminal fibers that form junctions with other neurons, muscles, or glands. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a neural impulse, a brief electrical charge that travels down an axon |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the level of stimulation required to trigger a neural impulse |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the junction between the axon tip of the sending neuron and the dendrite or cell body of the receiving neuron. the tiny gap at this junction is called the synaptic gap of synaptic cleft |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| chemical messengers that cross the synaptic gap between neurons. When released by the sending neuron, neurotransmitters travel across the synapse and bind to receptor sites on the receiving neuron, thereby influencing whether that neuron will generate a neural impulse |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| "morphine within" - natural, opiate like neurotransmitters linked to pain control and pleasure |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the body's speedy, electrochemical communication network, consisting of all the nerve cells of the peripheral and central nervous systems |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the brain and spinal cord |
|
|
Term
| peripheral nervous system |
|
Definition
| the sensory and motor neurons that connect the cns to the rest of the body |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| neurons within the brain and spinal cord that communicate internally and intervene between the sensory inputs and motor outputs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| bundled axons that form neural "cables" connection the central nervous system with muscles, glands, and sense organs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| neurons that carry incoming information from the sensory receptors to the brain and spinal cord |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| neurons that carry outgoing information from the brain and spinal cord to the muscles and glands |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the division of the peripheral nervous system that controls the body's skeletal muscles. also called the skeletal nervous system |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the part of the peripheral nervous system that controls the gland and the muscles of the internal organs (such as the heart). its sympathetic division arouses; its parasympathetic calms |
|
|
Term
| sympathetic nervous system |
|
Definition
| the division of the autonomic nervous system that arouses the body, mobilizing its energy in stressful situations |
|
|
Term
| parasympathetic nervous system |
|
Definition
| the division of the autonomic nervous system that calms the body, conserving its energy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a simple, automatic response to a sensory stimulus, such as the knee-jerk response |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the body's "slow" chemical communication system a set of glands that secrete hormones into the blood stream |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| chemical messengers that are manufactures by the endocrine glands, travel through the bloodstream, and affect other tissues |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a pair of endocrine glands that sit just under the kidneys and secrete hormones (epinephrine and norepinephrine) that help arouse the body in times of stress |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the endocrine system's most influential gland. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| tissue destruction. a brain lesion is a naturally or experimentally caused destruction of brain tissue |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the oldest part and central core of the brain, beginning where the spinal cord swells as it enters that skull. the brainstem is responsible for automatic suvival functions |
|
|
Term
| Electroencephalogram (EEG |
|
Definition
| an amplified recording of the waves of electrical activity that sweep across the brain's surface. These waves are measured by electrodes placed on the scalp |
|
|
Term
| Positron emission tomography scan (PET) |
|
Definition
| a visual display of brain activity that detects where a radioactive form of glucose goes while the brain performs given tasks |
|
|
Term
| Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) |
|
Definition
| a technique for revealing blood flow and, therefor, brain activity by comparing successive MRI scans. fMri scans show brain function |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the base of the braintsem; controls the heartbeat and breathing |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the brains's sensory switchboard, located at the top of the brainstem; it redirects messages to the sensory receiving areas in the cortex and transmits replies to the cerebellum and medulla |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a nerve network in the brainstem that plays an important role in controlling arousal |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the "little" brain at the rear of the brainstem; functions include some nonverbal learning, processing sensory input, and coordination movement output and balance |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| neural system ( including hippocampus, amygdala,and hypothalamus)located below the cerebral hemispheres; associated with emotions and drives. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| two lima bean sized neural clusters in the limbic system, linked to emotion |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a neural structure lying below (hypo) the thalamus; it directs several maintenance activities(eating drinking body temperature) helps govern the endocrine system via the pituitary gland, is linked to emotion and reward |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the intricate fabric of the interconnected neural cells covering the cerebral hemispheres; the body's ultimate control and information processing center |
|
|
Term
| 4 main lobes of the brain |
|
Definition
| frontal parietal occipital temporal |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| behind the forehead, controls muscle movements and planning and judgement calls |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| behind the forehead, controls muscle movements and planning and judgement calls |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| back of the head, includes areas that receive information from the visual fields |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| kinda behind the ears, includes the auditory areas, each receiving information from the opposite ear |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an area at the rear of the fronntal lobes that controls voluntary movements |
|
|
