Abbreviations

A.C.

Abbreviations

Before Meals

Abbreviations

ad lib

Abbreviations

freely

Abbreviations

B.I.D.

Abbreviations

twice daily

Abbreviations

c

Abbreviations

with

Abbreviations

C

Abbreviations

Centigrade

Abbreviations

cm.

Abbreviations

centimeter

Abbreviations

cap.

Abbreviations

capsule

Abbreviations

EKG or ECG

Abbreviations

electrocardiogram

Abbreviations

elix.

Abbreviations

elixir; drugs dissolved in syrup containing alcohol

Abbreviations

F.

Abbreviations

Fahrenheit

Abbreviations

Gm.

Abbreviatioins

gram

Abbreviations

Gm./100ml.

Abbreviations

grams per 100 milliliters

Abbreviations

gr.

Abbreviations

grain

Abbreviations

gtt.

Abbreviations

drops

Abbreviations

I.M.

Abbreviations

Intramuscularly

Abbreviations

I.V.

Abbreviations

Intravenously

Abbreviations

kg.

Abbreviations

kilogram

Abbreviations

L.

Abbreviations

Liter

Abbreviations

lb.

Abbreviations

pound

Abbreviations

N.P.O.

Abbreviations

Nothing By Mouth

Abbreviations

oz.

Abbreviations

ounce

Abbreviations

per

Abbreviations

by or through

Abbreviations

pH

Abbreviations

Measure of alkalinity and acidity

Abbreviations

P.O.

Abbreviations

by mouth

Abbreviations

P.R.

Abbreviations

by rectum

Abbreviations

p.r.n.

Abbreviations

whenever required

Abbreviations

q. 2(3,4)

Abbreviations

every 2(3,4) hours

Abbreviations

q.H. or q.1H.

Abbreviations

every hour

Abbreviations

Q.I.D.

Abbreviations

four times a day

Abbreviations

qt.

Abbreviations

quart

Abbreviations

sol

Abbreviations

solution

Abbreviations

S.O.S. or s.o.s.

Abbreviations

if necessary

Abbreviations

Stat

Abbreviations

Immediately; at once

Abbreviations

tab

Abbreviations

tablet

Abbreviations

 tbsp.

Abbreviations

tablespoon

Abbreviations

T.I.D.

Abbreviations

three times a day

Abbreviations

tsp.

Abbreviations

teaspoon

Error prone abbreviations

Do not use: U (unit)

Potential problem: Mistaken for "0" (zero), "4" (four), or "cc"

Error prone abbreviations

Use Instead: write "unit"

Error prone abbreviations

Do not use: IU (International Unit)

Potential Problem: Mistaken for IV (Intravenous)

Error prone abbreviations

Use Instead: write: "International Unit"

Error prone abbreviations

Do not use: Q.D., QD, q.d., qd(daily)

Potential problem: Mistaken for each other

Error prone abbreviations

Use Instead: write "daily"

Error prone abbreviations

Do not use: Q.O.D., QOD, q.o.d., qod (every other day)

Potential Problem: Period after the Q mistaken for "I" and the "O" mistaken for "I"

Error prone abbreviations

Use Instead: write "Every other day"

Error prone abbreviations

Do not use: Trailing zero (X.0 mg)

Lack of Leading Zero (.X mg)

Potential Problem: decimal point is missed

Error prone abbreviations

Use instead: Write = mg

Error prone abbreviations

Do not Use: MS

Potential Problem: Can mean morphine sulfate of magnesium sulfate

Error prone abbreviations

Use instead: Write: Morphine Sulfate

Error prone abbreviations

Do Not Use: MSO4 and MgSO4

Potential Problem: Confused for one another

Error prone abbreviations

Use Instead: Write: "Magnesium Sulfate"

Convert Fahrenheit to Celsius

F=1.8(C)+32

or

F=9/3(C)+32

Convert Celsius to Fahrenheit

c=(F-32)/1.8

or

C=(F-32)/(9/5)

Apothecary / Household Metric Equivalents

1 oz= ?mL

Apothecary / Household Metric Equivalents

1oz=30mL

Apothecary / Household / Metric Equivalents

1 TBS = ?mL

Apothecary / Household Metric Equivalents

1TBS = 15mL

Apothecary / Household Metric Equivalents

2 TBS = ? oz

Apothecary / Household Metric Equivalents

2TBS = 1 oz

Apothecary / Household Metric Equivalents

1 tsp = ?mL

Apothecary / Household Metric Equivalents

1tsp= 5mL

Apothecary / Household Metric Equivalents

1 cup = ? mL = ?oz

Apothecary / Household Metric Equivalents

1cup = 240mL=8oz

Apothecary / Household Metric Equivalents

1 pint (pt) = ?mL = ?oz

Apothecary / Household Metric Equivalents

1 pint = 500mL= 16 oz

Apothecary / Household Metric Equivalents

1 quart = ? mL = ? oz

Apothecary / Household Metric Equivalents

1qt= 1000mL = 32 oz

Apothecary / Household Metric Equivalents

15 grains(gr) = ? mg= ? g

Apothecary / Household Metric Equivalents

15 grain = 1,000 mg = 1 g

Apothecary / Household Metric Equivalents

1 gr = ? mg

Apothecary / Household Metric Equivalents

1 gr = 60 mg

Apothecary / Household Metric Equivalents

1lb = ? oz

Apothecary / Household Metric Equivalents

1lb = 16 oz

Apothecary / Household Metric Equivalents

1 kg= ?lbs

Apothecary / Household Metric Equivalents

1kg = 2.2 lbs

Common Centigrade and Fahrenheit temps:

Boiling Point (water)

Body Temp

Freezing (water)

Common Centigrade and Fahrenheit temps:

Boiling Point: 100 C  &  212 F

Body Temp: 37 C  &  98.6 F

Freezing Point: 0 C  &  32 F

Ratio and Proportion Formula

Example:

Label: 50mg/1mL = 25 mg/ X mL (dosage)

Formula Method

D/H x Q = X

D: The dosage desired, or what the prescriber has ordered, Ex: mg, g, etc.

Q: The quantity of tablets, capsules, milliliters, etc. that contains available dosages.

x: The unknown, the dosage you are looking for, how many milliliters, tablets, etc. you will give.

Steps for Dimensional Analysis:

Steps for Dimensional Analysis

1. Identify the desired unit.

2. Identigy the equivalent needed.

3. Write the equivalent in fraction format, keepping the desired unit in the numerator. This is written first.

4. Label all factors in thhe equation, label what you desire x (unit desired).

5. Identify unwanted or undesired units and cancel them. Reduce to lowest terms if possible.

6. If all the labels except the answer label are not eliminated, recheck the equation.

7. Perform the mathematical process indicated.

IV calculations Formula

Must Remember!!

IV calculation Formula

Total mL X drop factor / Time (mins) = drops per min.

Drop factor: Number identified on IV tubing itself

Available:

- Macrodrip = 10, 15, 20

- microdrip = 60

Clark's Rule: a method of determining the correct drug dosage for a child based on the known adult dose (assumes that the adult dose is based on a 150lb person)

child's dose=

(weight of child in lb) / (150 lb) x average adult dose

Fried's rule

a method of determining a pediatric ddrug dose for a child younger than 1 year of age, based on the child's age and the usual dose. (assumes that an adult dose would be appropraite for a 12.5 year old child)

child's dose (age 1y) =

(weight of child(mo) / 150lb) x average adult dose

Young's Rule:

a method for determining pediatric drug dose based on the child's age and the usual adult dose:

child's dose (age 1-12y)=

(child's age years / (child's age years + 12)) x average adult dose

Rounding Rules

Weight and Temperature

Rounding Rules

Weight and Temp.: round to tenths

Rounding Rules

Syringe Volume

less than 1mL

and

more than 1mL

Rounding Rules

Syringe Volume:

less than 1mL: round to hundredths (due to markings)

more than 1mL: round to tenths (due to markings)

Rounding Rules

mL/hour

Rounding Rules

mL/ hour: round to whole number

Rounding Rules

mg/hr

Rounding Rules

mg'hr: Calculated in tenths (bc you are calculating the amount of a drug)

Rounding Rules

PO liquids

Rounding Rules

PO liquids: you could have 1/2 tsp or 3/4 teaspoon and be able to put this into mL- easy calculation

Rounding Rules

PO tablets

Rounding Rules

PO tablets: you could have 1.5 tablets (1 1/2) tabs. Think about it - you can break a tablet easy in half. Most MD orders in reality and on tests give you an easy amount to give 1, 1.5, or 2 tabs. (if you calculated 1.75 tabs it would make me wonder about the order or about the calc. itself.