Term
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Definition
(predetermined motion time study)
database of basic motion elements and associated normal time values, together with a set of procedures for applying the data to analyze manual tasks and establish standard times for the tasks. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
1. Analyze work method and describe in terms of basic motions of task, based on defined workplace layout and set of tools.
2. Find normal time of all motion element; sum to determine task normal time
3. Evaluate method: eliminate motions, reduce distances, introduce special tools, use simultaneous right/left, etc.
4. Apply allowances --> standard time |
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Term
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Definition
1st level: basic motion elements
>1: motion aggregates |
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Term
| PMT System Level Characteristics (list) |
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Definition
| 1. Accuracy; 2. Application time; 3. Suited to specific types of tasks; 4. Cycle times; 5. Motion elements; 6. Methods description; 7. Flexibility of application; |
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Term
| characteristics of first-level PMTS |
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Definition
| 1. Most accurate; 2. much time to set standard; 3. Highly repetitive; 4. Short cycle (e.g., 1 min); 5. Basic motions; 6. Very detailed; 7. Highest flexibility; |
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Term
| Characteristics of Higher-level PMTS |
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Definition
| 1. Less accurate; 2. Less time to set standard; 3. Repetitive or batch; 4. Longer cycle times feasible; 5. Aggregates of basic motions; 6. Less detailed, easier to apply; 7. Less flexibility; |
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Term
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Definition
(Maynard Operation Sequence Technique)
High-level PMTS |
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Term
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Definition
(standard data system)
a database of normal time values, usu. organized by work elements, that can be used to establish time standards for tasks composed of work elements similar to those in the database. |
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Term
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Definition
| used to refer to the elements in an SDS |
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Term
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Definition
| used to refer to the PMTS elements |
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Term
| SDS is most suited to (list) |
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Definition
| 1) similarity in tasks; 2) batch production; 3) large number of standards to be set; 4) need to set standards before production; |
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Term
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Definition
| term for the family of tasks for which the SDS is applicable |
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Term
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Definition
| 1) Analyze the new task and divide into work elements; 2) access database to determine normal times for work elements; 3) add element normal times to obtain task normal time; 4) compute standard times for setup and production cycle; |
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Term
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Definition
| the various conditions and parameters that the work elements are performed under |
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Term
| steps in developing a SDS |
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Definition
| 1) Define the objectives of the system; 2) Define the coverage of the system; 3) Obtain work element normal time data; 4) Classify work elements; 5) Analyze data to determine element normal times; 6) Develop database to predict normal times; 7) Prepare documentation; |
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Term
| work element classification in SDS |
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Definition
| 1) setup vs production elements; 2) constant vs variable elements; 3) worker-paced vs machine elements; 4) regular vs irregular elements; 5) internal vs external elements |
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Term
| setup time / changeover time |
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Definition
| time required to change the physical arrangement of the workplace, to replace the tooling, and to reprogram/reset the equipment to get ready for the next batch. |
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Term
| setup elements (in an SDS) |
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Definition
| the activities required to accomplish changeover |
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Term
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Definition
| those associated with the processing of work units |
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Term
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Definition
| same time value in all time studies |
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Term
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Definition
| same basic motion patterns and functions with normal times that vary because of work variable values |
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Term
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Definition
| manual elements, either setup/production or constant/variable elements with unavoidable random variations that are characteristic of any human manual activity |
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Term
| machine-controlled elements |
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Definition
| elements that are variable, depending on operating parameters of the machine / characteristics of the work unit. |
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Term
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Definition
| occurs at least once every work cycle |
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Term
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Definition
| less frequently than once per work cycle |
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Term
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Definition
| machine operation in which a single point cutting tool is used to remove metal from the surface of a rotating cylindrical work piece by feeding the tool linearly in a direction parallel to the axis of rotation (performed on lathe) |
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Term
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Definition
| cutting speed (surface speed at the original work diameter), feed (tool travel distance per revolution of the workpiece), and depth of cut below the original work surface |
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Term
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Definition
| machine operation that creates a round hole in a workpiece, using a rotating drill bit |
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Term
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Definition
| usually drill bit for a drilling operation, used on a drill press |
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Term
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Definition
| machine tool used for drilling operation (with drill bit: twist drill) |
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Definition
through hole (through opposite side)
blind hole (drill bit does not pass through the work |
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Term
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Definition
| machine operation in which a rotating cutting tool with multiple cutting edges (teeth) is used to remove metal from a work part that is fed past the cutter. |
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Term
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Definition
| the "bit" used in milling, used on a milling machine |
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Term
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Definition
| where the main cutting teeth are on the periphery of the milling cutter |
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Term
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Definition
| in which the cutting teeth are on the end and side of the cutter |
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Term
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Definition
| 1) productivity in setting standards (5x productivity improvement vs DTS); 2) cost savings; 3) setting standards before production; 4) avoids the need for performance rating; 5) consistency in the standards; 6) inputs to other information systems; |
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Term
| SDS disadvantages/limitations |
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Definition
| 1) high investment cost; 2) source of data; 3) methods descriptions; 4) risk of improper applications; |
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Term
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Definition
| statistical technique for determining the proportions of time spent by subjects in various defined categories of activies |
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Term
| situations well-suited for work sampling |
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Definition
| 1) sufficient time available to perform the study; 2) multiple subjects; 3) long cycle times; 4) non-repetitive work cycles; |
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Term
| work sampling (list synonyms) |
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Definition
| activity sampling, occurrence sampling, ratio delay study, snap reading method |
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Term
| steps in conducting work sampling study |
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Definition
| 1) Define the objective(s) of study; 2) Define the subjects to be studied; 3) Define the output measure(s); 4) Define the activity categories; 5) Design the study; 6) Identify the observers who will do the sampling; 7) Announce the study; 8) Make the observations; 9) After completing the study, analyze and present the results; |
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