Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Methods
CBC 100
57
Psychology
Intermediate
07/11/2016

Additional Psychology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Scientific method
Definition
a theoretical representation of some aspect of reality designed to allow testing of a hypothesis
Term
Behaviorism
Definition
a school of psychological thought that believe the proper subject of study in psychology is observable behavior and not the mind
Term
Theory
Definition
a powerful series of related scientific hypotheses that have been tested repeatedly for validity
Term
Correlation Coefficient
Definition
measurement of relationship between two varieables
Term
Fact
Definition
objective state that most people agree is true, based on direct observation
Term
Dependent variable
Definition
variable that is changes by other variables
Term
Thinker that developed Tabula Rasa
Definition
John Locke
Term
Method used to address role of genetic factors in behavior
Definition
twin studies
Term
First psychologist
Definition
Wilhelm Wundt
Term
Descriptive Statistics
Definition
mathematical methods used to summarize sets of data
Term
inferential statistics
Definition
mathematical methods for helping researchers detemine how confident they can be in drawing general conclusions (inferences) form specific data sets
Term
Clever Hans
Definition
effect of observers giving subtle cues to subjects that cause them to respond correctly
Term
Hypothesis
Definition
a tentative scientific explanation of some phenomenon or related phenomena
Term
Science
Definition
an organized and specific way of trying to answer questions and understanding the natural world
Term
Scientific Method
Definition
a theoretical representation of some aspect of reality designed to allow testing of hypothesis
Term
Replicable results
Definition
results that anyone can obtain, at least approximately by following the same procedures
Term
Experiment
Definition
a research design for testing hypotheses about cause-effect relationships, in which the researcher manipulates one variable (the independent variable in order to asses it effect on another variable (dependent variable).
Term
Positive correlation
Definition
increase in variable coincides with a tendency for the other variable to increase
Term
negative correlation
Definition
an increase in one variable coincides with the tendency for the other to decrease
Term
Correlation studies
Definition
any study in which the researcher does not manipulate an variable but observes or measures two or more variables to find relationships among them
Term
operational definition
Definition
defines a variable in terms of specific procedures used to produce or measrue it , clear measurement of data in a variable
Term
Hypothetical construct
Definition
abstract concepts that is not itself directly measurable or observable, but that can be presumed to give rise to responses and attributes that can be observed and measured
Term
Correlation Coefficient
Definition
a numeric measure of strength and direction of the relationship between two variables
Term
Descriptive studies
Definition
the description of behavior of individuals or sets of individuals without systematically investigating the relationships between specific variables
Term
Case Study
Definition
an in-depth analysis of an individual, group, or event, as much info as possible
Term
Laboratory Studies
Definition
any research study where subjects brought to specifically designated area setup to allow researcher to collect data or control conditions
Term
Field Studies
Definition
any research study conducted in a setting other than the laboratory
Term
Validity
Definition
the degree to which a measurement system actually measures the characteristic that it is suppose to measure
Term
Reliability
Definition
the capacity of a measurement system to produce similar results each time it is used with a particular subject or set of subjects under a particular set of conditions.
Term
Self report methods
Definition
procedures in which people asked to rate or describe theri own behavior or mental state in some way
Term
Observational methods
Definition
includes all procedures by which researchers themselves observe and record the behavior of interest instead of relying on subjects self-description
Term
Statistical methods
Definition
statistical procedues are mathematical aids for summarizing and interpreting data
Term
Descriptive Statistics
Definition
mathematical methods used to summarize sets of data
Term
Inferential statistics
Definition
mathematical methods for helping researchers detemine how confident they can be in draqing general conclusions (inferences) from specific data sets
Term
Error
Definition
a technical term that refers to random variability in results
Term
Bias
Definition
a technical term that refers to NONRandom (directed) effects caused by some factor or factors outside (extraneous) to research hypothesis
Term
Biased Sample
Definition
a subset of the population under study that is not representative of the population as a whole
Term
Reliable Measures
Definition
yields similar results each time it is used what a particular subject under a particular set of conditions.
Term
Valid Measure
Definition
a measurement is valid if it measures or predicts what it is intended to measure or predict
Term
Extraneous Variable
Definition
any variables other than the independent variable that seems likely to influence the dependent variable in a specific study
Term
Confounding Variable
Definition
a situation in which the independent vaiable is intertwined or mixed up with another, uncontrolled variable
Term
Internal Validity
Definition
the characteristic of a study that allows us to conclude that the manipulation of the independent variable caused the observed changes in the dependent variable

*high when no confounding variables

Term
External Validity
Definition
the degree to which a study's participants, stimuli, and procedures adequately reflect the world as it actually is

degree to which the results of a study can be generalized to other people, settings, and conditions

Term
Observer-expectancy effects
Definition
any bias in research results that derives from the researcher's desire or expectation that a subject or set of subjects will behave in a certain way
Term
Subject-expectancy effect
Definition
any bias in research results that derives from subjects' expectations or beliefs about how they should feel, or behave in response to variables imposed in the study
Term
Placebo
Definition
in drug studies, an inactive substance given to subects assigend to the nondrug group
Term
Placebo effect
Definition
in psychological research any effect on a subjects behavior or fellings that stems from the subject's expectations as to how he or she should behave or feel as a result of a particular treatment
Term
Population
Definition
all individuals that we are interested in drawing a conclusion about
Term
Sample
Definition
subset of individuals drawn from larger population
Term
Independent Variable
Definition
any variable that causes an effect on another variable
Term
Dependent Variable
Definition
variable that is affected by other variables
Term
Experiment
Definition
a research design for testing hypotheses about cause-effect relationships, in which the researcher manipulates one variable ( the independent variable in order to asses it effect on another variable (dependent variable).
Term
Scientific Model
Definition
a theoretical representation of some aspect of reality designed to allwo testing of hypotheses
Term
Research Strategies
Definition
Design, Setting, Data-collection Methods
Term
Research Design
Definition
Experiments, Correlational studies, Descriptive studies
Term
Research Settings
Definition
Laboratory Studies, Field Studies
Term
Data-Collection Methods
Definition
Self-report, Observational
Supporting users have an ad free experience!