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Definition
| Ensures that patients are aware of the risks involved in taking part in a study |
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| the respect that is due everyone simply by function of being a human |
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Definition
| Moral Obligation to act in the benefit of others |
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Definition
| states that research can must be based on laws |
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Term
| INSTITUTIONAL REVIEW BOARD (IRB) |
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Definition
| Board that monitors research involving humans. They focus on risk-benefit analysis to determine whether research should be conducted. Consists of 8 members serving rotating two year terms |
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| INSTITUTIONAL ANIMAL CARE AND USE COMMITTEE |
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Definition
| IACUC: reviews protocol and conducts evaluations of an institutions animal care and use practices, which includes the results of inspections |
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| OFFICE OF RESEARCH INTEGRITY |
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Definition
| Oversees and directs Public Health Service research activities on behalf of the secretary of Health and Human Services, with the exception of the responsibilities of the FDA |
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Definition
| The general and specific classes of behavior one is trying to study |
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| A statistical measure of inter-rater agreement for qualitative items (.3 measurement is acceptable) |
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Definition
| Deals with descriptions, data can be observed but not measured |
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Definition
| Deals with numbers, data can be measured |
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| NATURALISTIC OBSERVATIONS |
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Definition
| Subject is observed in its natural habitat without any intervention or manipulation by the observer |
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Definition
| qualitative research design aimed at exploring cultural phenomena |
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| where someone collecting data participates in the study that is being explored |
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| NONPARTICIPANT OBSERVATION |
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Definition
| where behavior is observed without interacting with the participants |
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Definition
| A way of measuring the degree of relatedness among people |
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Definition
| a graphic representation of social links a person has |
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Definition
| In a single subject baseline design: when the treatment is introduced and the independent variable evaluated |
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Definition
Study where:
Baseline found
Treatment Introduced
Treatment Withdrawn
Treatment Reintroduced |
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Term
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Definition
| In a single-subject design, each treatment is repeated at least once for validation |
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Definition
| Running a second baseline phase after the intervention phase, in a single subject baseline study |
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Definition
| The behaviors of multiple subjects are compared for validity |
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Definition
| Indepth investigation of a single person, event or group. Data typically gathered using observations and interviews |
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Definition
| Research in which existing data are used to test a hypothesis |
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Definition
| Technique for systematically describing written, spoken, or visual communication. It provides a quantitative description |
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Definition
| Technique for integrating quantitative research statistically. Uses multiple studies as a single unit of information and combines them |
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Definition
| A study that contains both between subjects and within subjects manipulations of independent variables |
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Definition
| In a multifactor experiment, the levels of one factor are similar but not identical to another. Used to identify variation in a system |
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Definition
| Two related variables X their standard deviation |
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Term
| QUASI-INDEPENDENT VARIABLE |
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Definition
| In a non-experimental study, the independent variable that is used to create different groups |
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Term
| QUASI-EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN |
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Definition
| Not using randomly assigned groups, but instead uses matching or other means of obtaining equivalence in groups |
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Definition
| A series of observations made on the same variable over time |
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Definition
| Uses the same groups of subjects and tests them both before and after the treatment intervention |
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Definition
| Type of design involving the one time collecting of information from a given sample of population elements |
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Definition
| Fixed sample of population that is measured repeatedly. The sample remains the same, thus providing a series of pictures which represent both the situation and the changes taking place. |
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Definition
| Combines both cross-sectional and longitudinal designs. A new cohort is added to the study every years and studied throughout the duration |
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Definition
| Experiment Design that begins with the concurrent measure of two subjects in baseline condition followed by a treatment variable to one subject while the baseline remains the same for the other |
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Definition
| Used to determine the amount of controlled variability in data. It is the level of behavior under the baseline and intervention phases of a single subject baseline design |
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Term
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Definition
| Phase of a single-subject baseline design in which you establish the level of performance one the dependent measure before introducing treatment |
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Definition
| conducting a replication of an experiment while adding a new variable to investigate |
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Definition
| exactly replicating an experiment exactly |
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Term
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Definition
| two or more independent baselines are established. The independent variable is then separately introduced in a staggered fashion to each baseline. After one gets sable, its introduced to the next. |
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Term
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Definition
| Subjects receive each treatment dozens of hundreds of times |
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Term
| Why is informed consent important? How does the Murry example fail to provide informed consent? |
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Definition
| Informed consent is important because participants have the right to base their decision to participate on what exactly will happen to them in the experiment. The Murry experiment does not have informed consent b/c the participants did not know they were going to be interrogated and humiliated. |
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Term
| What is the IRB, who does it consist of, and why is it important |
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Definition
| The IRB (Institutional Review Board) consists of 8 elected members including a chair. It is important b/c it regulates experiments and makes sure they are humane |
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Term
| Why are observational studies useful or necessary? Give an example of one? |
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Definition
Observational Studies:
1. Provide info about relations among variables in a population
2. Document info that could be usefull for future stiudies
3.Describe change through a sequence of surveys
Example: research comparing lung cancer in smokers and non smokers. Researchers cannot force a non smoker to smoke a pack a day, so instead they observe people who already smoke. |
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Term
| Quantifying in Observational Study |
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Definition
Frequency method (frequency within a time period)
Duration (length of behavoir)
Intervals method (Descrite time intervals) |
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Term
| What are the limitations of observational studies? |
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Definition
1. Nonrandomized allocation to exposer so strong likelyhood of bias and confounds
2. Data likely to be incomplete and poor quality
3. Outcome less likely to be validatid |
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Term
| Why is interrater reliability inportant? |
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Definition
1. Degree of agreement among raters
2. Ensures results w |
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