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Definition
| A thin, gaseous envelope comprised mostly of nitrogen and oxygen, with small amounts of other gases;surrounds the earth |
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Definition
| Occupies 78% of of total volume of dry air |
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Definition
| Occupies 21% of the total volume of dry air |
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Definition
| Invisible gas;can account for up to 4% of atmospheric gases;greenhouse gas |
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Definition
| Occupies 0.038% of volume of air;greenhouse gas;is removed from air during photosynthesis |
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Definition
| Primary ingrediant of photochemical smog;97% is in stratosphere;shields plants, animals, and humans from the sun's ultraviolet ray |
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Definition
| Ozone holes appear when CFCs enter stratosphere and releases chlorine because of being broken apart by the ultraviolet rays |
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Definition
| Group of greenhouse gases, used as refrigerants, cleaning solvent |
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Definition
| A collection of liquid or solid suspended particles of various composition |
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Definition
| hazardous impure gases; nitrogen dioxide, carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons |
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Definition
| rain containing sulfuric acid/corrodes metals/turns oceans acidic/major hazard |
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Definition
| Outpouring of gases from hot interior |
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Definition
| How much matter is in a given space;of air determined by masses of atoms and molecules and space between them |
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Definition
| A push divided by the area on which it pushes |
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Definition
| The amount of force exerted over an area of surface. |
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Definition
| The rate at which air temperature decreases with height |
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Definition
| Air temperature increasing with height |
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Term
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Definition
| The region of circulating air extending upward from the earths surface to where the air stops becoming colder with height;from greek word tropein, meaning to turn or change |
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Definition
| Region above troposphere where temperature increases with height. Most of the ozone is here. |
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Definition
| boundary separating troposphere and stratosphere |
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Definition
| Measures the vertical profile of air temperature in the atmosphere up to an elevation sometimes exceeding 30 km |
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Definition
| Above the Stratosphere. Coldest layer. Temperature decreases with height, small amount of oxygen, low air pressure; 1mb |
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Definition
| The hot layer;above the mesosphere. Hot because it aborbs solar rays,few atoms and molecules, |
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Term
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Definition
| Upper limit of atmosphere; where atoms and molecules shoot off into space |
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Definition
| Below thermosphere/infrequent collisions between atoms and molecules/air can't keep itself stirred. |
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Definition
| Region from base of the thermosphere to top of the atmosphere. |
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Definition
| An electrified region within the upper atmosphere where fairly large concentrations of ions and free elections exist. |
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Definition
| Atoms and molecules that have lost or gained one or more elections. |
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Definition
| Air temperature, air pressure, humidity, clouds, precipitation, visibility, wind. Condition of atmosphere at a certain time or place. |
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Definition
| The study of the atmosphere and its phenomina |
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
| Lines of equal pressure on weather maps. |
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Definition
| East or west from meridan |
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Definition
| North or south from equator |
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Term
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Definition
| Between 30N and 50N are the middle latitudes. |
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Term
| middle-latitude cyclonic storm |
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Definition
| Forms outside the tropics and in the northern hemisphere has winds spinning counter clockwise about its center |
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Definition
| Located over Pacific Ocean, swirling bands of rotating clouds, high surface winds, the center is called the eye. Diameter is about 800 km. |
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Definition
| former cumulus clouds turned into tall churning clouds accompanied by lighting, thunder, strong winds, and heavy rain. |
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Definition
| Intense rotating column of air that extends downward from the base of a thunderstorm |
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Definition
| Horizontal movement of air |
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Definition
| The direction from which the wind is blowing. |
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Definition
| A sharp change in temperature, humidity, and wind direction |
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Definition
| The ability or capacity to do work on some form of matter |
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Term
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Definition
A type of energy that has the potential to do work
P=mgh |
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Term
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Definition
Energy of motion
ke=1/2mv2 |
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Term
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Definition
| Energy from atoms and molecules due to their motion |
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Term
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Definition
| Measure of the average speed of atoms and molecules |
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Definition
| energy in the process of being transferred from one object to another because of the temperature difference; transferred by conduction, convection, and radiation |
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Definition
| lowest temperature possible/atoms and molecules have minimum amount of energy |
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Term
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Definition
| lowest temperature possible/atoms and molecules have minimum amount of energy |
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Definition
| Ratio of the amount of heat energy absorbed by that substance to its responding temperature rise |
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Term
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Definition
| The heat capacity of a substance per unit mass |
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Term
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Definition
| the heat energy required to change a substance from one form to another |
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Term
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Definition
| Heat we can feel, sense, and measure |
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Term
| Latent heat of evaporation |
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Definition
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Term
| latent heat of condensation |
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Definition
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Term
| latent heat of sublimation |
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Definition
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Term
| latent heat of deposition |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| The transfer of heat from molecule to molecule within a substance |
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Definition
| The transfer of heat by the mass movement of a fluid |
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Definition
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Definition
| The transfer of properties by horizontally moving air |
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Definition
| Energy transferred from the sun to an object |
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Definition
| waves that have magnetic and electrical properties |
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Definition
| The distance measured along a wave from one crest to another |
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Definition
| Measures short waves/one millionth of one meter |
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Definition
| packets of energy that make up waves |
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Term
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Definition
| All objects with temperatures above absolute zero emit radiation at a rate proportional to the fourth power of their absolute temperature |
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Term
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Definition
| The constant divided by the object's surface temperature in degrees kelvin equals the wavelength in micrometers at which maximum radiation emission occurs |
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
| The part of the electromagnetic spectrum that we can see. 0.4-0.7 |
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Term
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Definition
| Wavelengths shorter than violent, which is the shortest in visible spectrum |
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Term
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Definition
| Wavelengths longer than red, which is the longest in the visible spectrum |
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Term
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Definition
| Absorbs all possible radiation perfectly and emits all possibly radiation perfectly |
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Term
| Radiative equilibrium temperature |
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Definition
| The rate of absorption is the same as the rate of emission |
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Definition
| Objects that selectively absorb and emit radiation |
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Term
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Definition
| Good absorbers are good emitters at a particular wavelength, and poor absorbers are poor emitters at the same wavelength |
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Term
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Definition
| The abortion of infrared radiation from the earth by water vapor and CO2 |
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Term
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Definition
| Wavelength range between 8-ll um where neither water vapor or co2 readily absorb infrared radiation |
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Term
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Definition
| Rate at which radiant energy from the sun is received on a surface at the outer edge of the atmosphere perpendicular to the sun's rays when the earth is at an average distance from the sun |
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Definition
| Light that hits small objects and deflects in all directions |
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Definition
| Objects that are hit by light and reflects some of it back to the source |
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Definition
| Percent of radiation returning from a given surface compared to the amount of radiation initially striking that surface |
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Term
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Definition
| Charged particles from the sun |
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Term
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Definition
| solar wind disturbing the magnetosphere around the earth and hitting the atoms and molecules inside, causing them to jump excitedly and emit radiation that we can see |
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Term
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Definition
| A faint glow at night from ionized oxygen and nitrogen excited by solar radiation |
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Term
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Definition
| June 21, first day of summer in Northern hemisphere |
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Term
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Definition
| First day of Autumn, September 22 |
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Term
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Definition
| Warm period in the middle of Autumn lasting between a few days up to a week or more. |
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Term
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Definition
| December 21, first day of Winter, shortest day of the year |
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Term
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Definition
| March 20, first day of Spring |
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Term
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Definition
| The ground and air radiating infrared energy |
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Term
| Radiation Inversion(Nocturnal inversion) |
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Definition
| Air above the ground being warmer than the ground and the air touching the ground |
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Term
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Definition
| Warm hillsides surrounding a valley |
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Term
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Definition
| Machines that set up convection currents close to the ground |
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Term
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Definition
| Power-driven fans that resemble airplane propellers |
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Term
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Definition
| When subfreezing air blows into a region, becomes colder with height and stays there long enough to damage crops |
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Term
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Definition
| Lines connecting places that have the same temperature on weather maps |
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Term
| Diurnal range of temperature |
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Definition
| The difference between the daily maximum and minimum temperature |
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Term
| Mean(Average) daily temperature |
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Definition
| The average for the highest and lowest temperatures for a 24 hour period |
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| Annual range of temperature |
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Definition
| The difference between the average temperature of the warmest and coldest months |
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Term
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Definition
| the average of the twelve monthly average temperatures |
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Definition
| An application for measuring how many heating degree days there will be. Done by subtracting the mean temperature for the day from 65%F |
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Definition
| Estimates the energy needed to cool indoor air to a comfortable level. |
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Definition
| Used by farmers for determining the approximate dates when a crop will be ready for harvesting. |
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Definition
| The temperature we perceive |
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Definition
| How cold the wind makes us feel |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| The rapid, progressive mental and physical collapse that accompanies the lowering of human body temperature |
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Term
| Liquid-in-glass thermometers |
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Definition
| For measuring surface air temperatures |
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Term
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Definition
| Used for measuring the maximum temperature for the day;has constriction in the bore above bulb |
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Term
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Definition
| Measures lowest temperature of the day;has small barbell-shaped index marker in bore |
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Definition
| Measures the resistance of wire;the more it vibrates the higher the temperature |
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Definition
| Measure emitted radiation (usually infrared) |
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Term
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Definition
| Two different pieces of metal (brass and iron) welded together to form a single strip |
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Term
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Definition
| An instrument that measures and records temperature. gradually being replaced by data loggers |
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Definition
| A white enclosed shelter that forces north and has louvered sides |
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Term
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Definition
| Liquid water turning into vapor |
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Definition
| Water vapor turning into clouds |
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Definition
| Any form of water that falls from a cloud and reaches the ground |
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Definition
| Water molecule escaping from ice and becoming vapor |
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Definition
| Water vapor attach itself to ice and becoming part of it |
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Term
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Definition
| When one molecule evaporates, one must condense, keeping it balanced. |
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Term
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Definition
| Extracting water vapor from an enclosed space, weighing it, and obtaining its mass and comparing it with the volume of air in space |
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Term
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Definition
| Comparing mass of water vapor in enclosed space with mass of air |
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Definition
| Comparing mass of water vapor with mass of remaining dry air |
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Definition
| Partial pressure of water vapor |
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Term
| Saturation vapor pressure |
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Definition
| How much water vapor is necessary to make the air saturated at any given temperature |
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Term
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Definition
| THe ratio of the amount of water vapor actually in the air to the maximum amount of water vapor required for saturation at that particular temperature (an pressure) |
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Term
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Definition
| AIr with a relative humidity greater than 100% |
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Term
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Definition
| 50%F. It represents the temperature to which air would have to be cooled (With no change in air pressure or moisture content) for saturation to occur. |
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Term
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Definition
| When the dew point is determined with respect to a flat surface with ice |
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Definition
| The lowest temperature that can be reached by evaporating water into the air |
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Definition
| When one's body temperature reaches 106% |
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Definition
| A measurement for combining air temperature with relative humidity to determine apparent temperature |
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Definition
| What the temperature feels like |
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Term
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Definition
| Two liquid in glass thermometers tied together, with one have a wick covering the bulb |
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Term
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Definition
| Instruments that measure humidity |
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Term
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Definition
| Uses a human hair to measure humidity |
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Definition
| The temperature at which saturation occurs |
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Term
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Definition
| When surfaces like grass cool to below the dew point, tiny specks of water appear on them |
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Term
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Definition
| If the air temperature drops to freezing or below after dew is formed, the dew will freeze |
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Term
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Definition
| When the dew point temperature is at or below freezing, frost forms |
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Definition
| particles that serve as surfaces on which water vapor can condense |
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Term
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Definition
| Particles that are water vapor seeking |
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Definition
| Particles that repel water vapor |
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Definition
| A layer of dust or salt particles |
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Definition
| Wet haze becoming a cloud resting near the ground; water droplet becoming bigger and visible |
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Term
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Definition
| Fog mixing with gaseous impurities |
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Term
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Definition
| Produced by the earth's radiational cooling; moist air moves over dry ground, cannot aborb the outgoing infraraed radiation, so the ground cools rapidly as does the air above and surface inversion happens, making the lower moist layer saturate |
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Term
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Definition
| Warm air moves over surface that is colder than air above so transfer from heat to surface will cool air to its dew point and produce fog |
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Term
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Definition
| Warm moist air moving from water over land and cooling to its saturation point from the cold ground, which is usually caused by radiational cooling |
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Term
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Definition
| Fog that forms when moist air flows up along an elevated plane |
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Term
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Definition
| Fog formed by the mixing of two unsaturated masses of air |
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Definition
| A type of evaporation fog; formed when cold air moves over warm water |
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Term
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Definition
| Fog forming in a shallow layer of cold air just ahead of an approaching warm front or behind a cold front |
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Term
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Definition
| A large number of hours with the air temperature below 40%f |
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Definition
| High clouds that a thin and wispy and blown by high winds into long streamers called mare's trails |
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Term
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Definition
| Clouds that are small, rounded, white puffs that may occur individually or in long rows that are rippling in appearance |
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Definition
| Thin, sheetlike, high clouds that often cover the entire sky; produce halos |
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Definition
| Grey, puffy, masses sometimes rolled out in parallel waves;one part of cloud is usually darker than other;little castles |
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Term
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Definition
| Gray or blue-gray clouds often covering entire sky/watery sun/no shadows |
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Definition
| Dark gray wet looking cloudy layer associated with rain or snow |
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Definition
| Low lumpy clouds that appear in rows, in patches, are as rounded masses with blue sky visible between the individual cloud elements |
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Definition
| Uniform grayish cloud that often covers the entire sky;lower and darker gray than altocumulus |
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Definition
| Puffy, appears in sunshine, looks like floating cotton with distinctive lines and flat base, top of cloud looks like rounded towers;detached |
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Definition
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Definition
| smaller than humulus and scattered across sky |
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Definition
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Definition
| A thunderstorm cloud, dark base, extend to Tropopause |
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Definition
| Looks like lenses and stack upon each other like pancakes |
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Definition
| A cloud that forms over and extends downwind of an isolated mountain peak |
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Definition
| Cap cloud, a silken scarf capping the top of a sprouting cumulus cloud |
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Definition
| Baglike sacks that hang beneath the cloud and resembles a cow's udder |
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Definition
| Jet aircrafts producing cirrus-like condensed vapor trails as they move through the sky |
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Definition
| Mother of pearl clouds;form in stratosphere; |
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Definition
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Definition
| Orbit the equator at the same rate the earth spins, use real time data system, |
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Term
| Polar-orbiting satellites |
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Definition
| Pass over north and south polar regions on each evolution and eventually cover the entire earth; photography clouds directly beneath them, lower and more detailed than geostationary |
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