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METAR Exam
Based on FMH-1
10
Meteorology
Professional
08/19/2008

Additional Meteorology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term

Criteria for Speci

 

Windshift

Visibility

Runway Visual Range

Tornado, funnel cloud, or waterspout

Thunderstorm

Definition

(1) WIND SHIFT. Wind direction changes by 45 degrees or more in less than 15 minutes and the

wind speed is 10 knots or more throughout the wind shift.

(2) VISIBILITY. Surface visibility as reported in the body of the report decreases to less than,

or if below, increases to equal or exceed:

    (a) 3 miles.

    (b) 2 miles.

    (c) 1 mile.

    (d) The lowest standard instrument approach procedure minimum as published in the

National Ocean Service (NOS) U.S. Terminal Procedures. If none published, use

1/2 mile.

(3) RUNWAY VISUAL RANGE (RVR). The highest value from the designated RVR runway

decreases to less than, or if below, increases to equal or exceed 2,400 feet during the preceding

10 minutes. U.S. military stations may not report a SPECI based on RVR.

(4) TORNADO, FUNNEL CLOUD, OR WATERSPOUT.

     (a) is observed.

     (b) disappears from sight, or ends.

(5) THUNDERSTORM.

     (a) begins (a SPECI is not required to report the beginning of a new thunderstorm if one is

currently reported).

     (b) ends.

(6) PRECIPITATION.

     (a) hail begins or ends.

     (b) freezing precipitation begins, ends, or changes intensity.

     (c) ice pellets begin, end, or change intensity.

(7) SQUALLS. When squalls occur.

(8) CEILING. The ceiling (rounded off to reportable values) forms or dissipates below, decreases

to less than, or if below, increases to equal or exceed:

    (a) 3,000 feet.

    (b) 1,500 feet.

    (c) 1,000 feet.

    (d) 500 feet.

    (e) The lowest standard instrument approach procedure minimum as published in the

National Ocean Service (NOS)
U.S. Terminal Procedures. If none published, use

200 feet.

(9) SKY CONDITION. A layer of clouds or obscurations aloft is present below 1,000 feet and

no layer aloft was reported below 1,000 feet in the preceding METAR or SPECI.

(10) VOLCANIC ERUPTION. When an eruption is first noted.

(11) AIRCRAFT MISHAP. Upon notification of an Aircraft Mishap unless there has been an

intervening observation.

(12) MISCELLANEOUS. Any other meteorological situation designated by the responsible

agency, or which, in the opinion of the observer, is

critical.

Term
Tempeartures round how...
Definition
Warmer
Term
Actual date and time of observation
Definition

time the last element of the observation was observed. The actual time of a SPECI shall be the time the criteria for the SPECI was met or noted.

Term
Date/time stamp
Definition

METAR and SPECI in UTC

 

Other documenation, either UTC or LST, with LST noting the correction factor to UTC

Term

Recency of Observed Elements at Manual Stations

Definition

Elements entered

shall have been observed within 15 minutes of the actual time of the observation.

 

Gusts and squalls shall

be reported if observed within 10 minutes of the actual time of the observation.

 

Observation of elements

shall be made as close to the scheduled time of the observation as possible to meet filing deadlines, but in no case shall these observations be started more than 15 minutes before the scheduled time.

Term
Types of dissemination
Definition

a. Local -- The transmission or delivery of a weather report to individual or groups of users in the service area of the weather station.

 

b. Long-line -- The transmission of a weather report beyond the service area of the weather station.

Term
Corrections to report
Definition

Corrections shall be disseminated, as soon as possible,

whenever an error is detected in a transmitted report. However, if the erroneous data has been superseded

by a later report (with the same or more complete dissemination), it shall not be necessary to transmit the corrected report.

 

Corrections transmitted shall consist of the entire corrected report.

 

The original date and time of the report shall be used as the date and time in the corrected report.

Term
When should a report be filed?
Definition

SPECIs shall be completed and transmitted, as soon as possible. 

 

METARs shall not be transmitted sooner than 10 minutes before their scheduled time.

Term
FIBI
Definition
When transmission of an observation is delayed until time for the next regularly scheduled report, only the latest report shall be transmitted. In the record of observations, the remark FIBI (Filed But Impractical to Transmit) shall be appended in parentheses to the report that was not transmitted to indicate the report was not transmitted. The remark FIBI shall not be included in any local dissemination of the report.

 

When a SPECI is not transmitted long-line, the later SPECI shall be transmitted long-line only when the overall change between the last transmitted report and the current report satisfies the criteria for a SPECI. If the SPECI is not transmitted long-line, the remark FIBI shall be appended to the report in the record of observations. The SPECI shall be disseminated locally.

 

Reports of Volcanic Eruption shall be disseminated, by any means possible, regardless of the delay.

Term
Reportable Visibility Values
Definition
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