Shared Flashcard Set

Details

METAR Exam - Present Weather
Precipitation, Obscurations, and Other Phenomena
34
Meteorology
Professional
08/19/2008

Additional Meteorology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Drizzle
Definition

Fairly uniform precipitation composed exclusively of fine drops with diameters of less than

0.02 inch (0.5 mm) very close together. Drizzle appears to float while following air currents,

although unlike fog droplets, it falls to the ground

Term
rain
Definition

Precipitation, either in the form of drops larger than 0.02 inch (0.5 mm), or smaller drops which, in contrast to drizzle, are widely separated

Term
Snow
Definition

Precipitation of snow crystals, mostly branched in the form of six-pointed stars.

Term
Snow Grains
Definition

Precipitation of very small, white, and opaque grains of ice.

Term
Ice Crystals
Definition

A fall of unbranched (snow crystals are branched) ice crystals in the form of needles, columns, or plates.

Term
Ice Pellets
Definition

Precipitation of transparent or translucent pellets of ice, which are round or irregular, rarely conical, and which have a diameter of 0.2 inch (5 mm), or less.

 

(1) Hard grains of ice consisting of frozen raindrops, or largely melted and refrozen snowflakes.

 

(2) Pellets of snow encased in a thin layer of ice which have formed from the freezing, either of

droplets intercepted by the pellets, or of water resulting from the partial melting of the pellets.

Term
Hail
Definition

Precipitation in the form of small balls or other pieces of ice falling separately or frozen together in irregular lumps.

Term
Small Hail/Snow Pellets
Definition

Precipitation of white, opaque grains of ice. The grains are round or sometimes conical. Diameters range from about 0.08 to 0.2 inch (2 to 5 mm).

Term
Unknown Precipitation
Definition

Precipitation type that is reported if the automated station detects the occurrence of precipitation but the precipitation discriminator cannot recognize the type.

Term
Obscuration
Definition

Any phenomenon in the atmosphere, other than precipitation, that reduces the horizontal visibility.

Term
Mist
Definition

A visible aggregate of minute water particles suspended in the atmosphere that reduces

visibility to less than 7 statute miles but greater than or equal to 5/8 statute miles.

Term
Fog
Definition

A visible aggregate of minute water particles (droplets) which are based at the Earth's surface

and reduces horizontal visibility to less than 5/8 statute mile and, unlike drizzle, it does not fall to the ground.

Term
Smoke
Definition

A suspension in the air of small particles produced by combustion. A transition to haze may

occur when smoke particles have traveled great distances (25 to 100 miles or more) and when the

larger particles have settled out and the remaining particles have become widely scattered through the atmosphere.

Term
Volcanic Ash
Definition

Fine particles of rock powder that originate from a volcano and that may remain suspended in the atmosphere for long periods.

Term
Widespread Dust
Definition

Fine particles of earth or other matter raised or suspended in the air by the wind that may have occurred at or far away from the station which may restrict horizontal visibility.

Term
Sand
Definition

Sand particles raised by the wind to a height sufficient to reduce horizontal visibility.

Term
Haze
Definition

A suspension in the air of extremely small, dry particles invisible to the naked eye and

sufficiently numerous to give the air an opalescent appearance.

Term
Spray
Definition

An ensemble of water droplets torn by the wind from the surface of an extensive body of water, generally from the crests of waves, and carried up a short distance into the air.

Term
Well-developed Dust/Sand Whirl
Definition

An ensemble of particles of dust or sand, sometimes accompanied by small litter, raised from the ground in the form of a whirling column of varying height with a small diameter and an approximately vertical axis.

Term
Squall
Definition

A strong wind characterized by a sudden onset in which the wind speed increases at least 16 knots and is sustained at 22 knots or more for at least one minute

Term
Funnel Cloud (Tornadic Activity)
Definition

(1) Tornado. A violent, rotating column of air touching the ground.

(2) Funnel Cloud. A violent, rotating column of air which does not touch the surface.

(3) Waterspout. A violent, rotating column of air that forms over a body of water, and touches the water surface.

Term
Sandstorm
Definition

Particles of sand carried aloft by a strong wind. The sand particles are mostly confined to the lowest ten feet, and rarely rise more than fifty feet above the ground.

Term
Duststorm
Definition

A severe weather condition characterized by strong winds and dust-filled air over an extensive area.

Term
Intensities
Definition
[image]
Term
Shallow
Definition
The descriptor shallow shall only be used to further describe fog that has little vertical extent (less than 6 feet).
Term
Partial and Patches
Definition
The descriptors partial and patches shall only be used to further describe fog that has little vertical extent (normally greater than or equal to 6 feet but less than 20 feet), and reduces horizontal visibility, but to a lesser extent vertically. The stars may often be seen by night and the sun by day.
Term
Low Drifting
Definition
When dust, sand, or snow is raised by the wind to less than 6 feet, "low drifting" shall be used to further describe the weather phenomenon.
Term
Blowing
Definition
When dust, sand, snow, and/or spray is raised by the wind to a height of 6 feet or more, "blowing" shall be used to further describe the weather phenomenon.
Term
Shower(s)
Definition
Precipitation characterized by the suddenness with which they start and stop, by the rapid changes of intensity, and usually by rapid changes in the appearance of the sky.
Term
Thunderstorm
Definition
A local storm produced by a cumulonimbus cloud that is accompanied by lightning and/or thunder.
 
Begin a thunderstorm when 
  1. Thunder is heard
  2. Lightning is observed at the station
  3. Lightning is detected by an automated sensor
and ended 15 minutes after last occurance of any abov.
Term
Freezing
Definition
When fog is occurring and the temperature is below 0°C, "freezing" shall be used to further describe the phenomena. When drizzle and/or rain freezes upon impact and forms a glaze on the ground or other exposed objects, "freezing" shall be used to further describe the precipitation.
Term
Location of Present Weather
Definition
"occurring at the station" when within 5 statute miles of the point(s) of observation.

"in the vicinity of the station" when between 5 and 10 statute miles of the point(s) of observation.

"distant from the station" when beyond 10 statute miles of the point(s) of observation.
 
Obscurations reported only when prevailing visibility is less than 7 SM or operationally significant
     except volcanic ash, low drifting *, shallow,  partial, or patches of fog
 
Volcanic ash always reported when observed.
Term
Present Weather - Reporting Order 1
Definition
  • Tornadic activity (Tornado, Funnel Cloud, Waterspout)
  • Thunderstorm(s) with or without associated precipitation
  • Present weather in order of decreasing dominance
  • Left to right in table on next slide, 'Present Weather - Reporting Order 2'
 
Term
Present Weather - Reporting Order 2
Definition
[image]
Supporting users have an ad free experience!