Term
|
Definition
| Reasoning, the dialectic, intuition |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Theory of the nature of Knowledge |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Sense experience, observations, experimentation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Inborn in the human mind, as contrasted with those received or compiled from experience.
The doctrine that at least certain ideas (e.g., those of God, infinity, substance) must be innate, because no satisfactory empirical origin of them can be conceived. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a form of argument that is supposed to proceed from a fact to the necessary conditions of its possibility. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
The proposition to be proved is assumed implicitly or explicitly in one of the premises.
(Petitio principii, "begging the question") |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Existence that is unconditioned by anything outside itself. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Form/Universal/Archetype. Mind-independent and abstract, exist outside of space and time. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Universal forms for which no particular yet exists. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Individual, physical object. Dependent on sense experience. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Universals exist independently of minds.
(Plato) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Universals exist independently of minds.
(Plato) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Whatever one believes to be true is true. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Whatever one believes to be moral/ethical is so. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Acknowledgment that individuals from different cultures/societies may have varying perspectives on things. Not equivalent to General Relativism. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| All that exists is matter. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Diagram of a line dividing the corresponding levels of Being and Knowledge. (eg, Images=Imagination, Mathematical forms=Reason) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
World of that which we perceive through sense experience, Empiricism.
(Particulars) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
That which we perceive through reasoning and the dialectic, Rationalism.
(Forms/Universals) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The ultimate universal, beyond being and knowledge. According to Plato: Form of Good allows for Knowledge through Truth just as the Sun allows for Sight via its Light. |
|
|
Term
| Definition of Knowledge (Plato) |
|
Definition
Justified true belief.
(Properties of Knowledge: a)Belief b)Truth c)Evidence |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
(AKA=Prisoner of Empiricism)
If someone were chained in a cave for their entire life with only shadows projected on the wall to observe, they would come to view that as reality. Mankind is held "prisoner" by that which we can observe. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Criticism of Plato's Forms by Aristotle. In order to compare similarities b/w 1st and 2nd man, a 3rd Ideal Man (Universal) must be posited to compare. This would then require a 4th man to compare the 1st and the 3rd, results in infinite regress. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| If the Intelligible and Sensible worlds are so fundamentally separated, how do they ever interact? What is the nature of the relationship b/w Universals and Particulars? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Sharing of ideal essences between Universals and Particulars. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Particulars are imitations of their corresponding Universals. |
|
|
Term
| Immanent Forms (Aristotle) |
|
Definition
| Universals reside as attributes of Particulars. Aristotle's Universals are dependent, no uninstantiated universals can exist. |
|
|
Term
| Transcendent Forms (Plato) |
|
Definition
| Universals are ideal, abstract concepts. They exist outside of space and time. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The Matter something is made out of. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The agent that brought the item into being. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Universals are nothing more than names. |
|
|
Term
| Conceptualism (Aristotle) |
|
Definition
| Universals exist w/i particulars, not independent. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Issue with Plato's writings in which the audience is unsure of whether the Socrates character is expressing the real Socrates' arguments, or if he is being used as a mouthpiece for Plato's ideas. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
When particulars share forms.
(ie- Dogs, tress, and humans all share the universal/form of Living.) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Everything in the world is composed of both form and matter. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Simplest explanation is the best. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Properties that, if stripped away from a particular, would have no effect on its identity. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| If substance did not have this attribute, it would cease to be that particular thing. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| "I am only sure that I exist." |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A questioning attitude of doubt, demanding evidence. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Goal-oriented principles that give purpose that pervades all of reality. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The universe is best understood as a completely mechanical system—that is, a system composed entirely of matter in motion under a complete and regular system of laws of nature. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| "Man is the measure of all things." The individual is the criterion unto himself as to what actually exists. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Property of Matter, that which takes up space. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| "I think therefore I am." |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Reduces everything to the two basic realities of mind and matter. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Mental substratum = The Mind |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Who put the idea of perfection in our minds in the first place? A perfect Being. |
|
|
Term
| Clarity and distinctness criterion |
|
Definition
| "Whatever I clearly and distinctly perceive to be true is true." |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
One of Descartes' methods of doubt.
"What if this all a dream?" |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Physical states cause mental states and vice versa. (Problem: Chorismos) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Physical states cause mental states.
(Problem: What about psychosomatic disorders?) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| All is mental or mind-dependent. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The relationship of the mind to the body. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| "Given that I can only observe the behavior of others, how can I know that others have minds?" |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Conscious examination or observation by a subject of his or her own mental processes. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| everything necessary to provide Justification for a belief must be immediately available in an agent's conscious. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Attempt to establish the existence of an entity a priori. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Universals exist independently of their being thought about. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Universal forms for which no particular yet exists. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Whatever one believes to be true is true. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Acknowledgment that individuals from different cultures/societies may have varying perspectives on things. Not equivalent to General Relativism. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
World of that which we perceive through sense experience, Empiricism.
(Particulars) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
That which we perceive through reasoning and the dialectic, Rationalism.
(Forms/Universals) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The ultimate universal, beyond being and knowledge. According to Plato: Form of Good allows for Knowledge through Truth just as the Sun allows for Sight via its Light. |
|
|
Term
| Definition of Knowledge (Plato) |
|
Definition
Justified true belief.
(Properties of Knowledge: a)Belief b)Truth c)Evidence |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
(AKA=Prisoner of Empiricism)
If someone were chained in a cave for their entire life with only shadows projected on the wall to observe, they would come to view that as reality. Mankind is held "prisoner" by that which we can observe. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Criticism of Plato's Forms by Aristotle. In order to compare similarities b/w 1st and 2nd man, a 3rd Ideal Man (Universal) must be posited to compare. This would then require a 4th man to compare the 1st and the 3rd, results in infinite regress. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| If the Intelligible and Sensible worlds are so fundamentally separated, how do they ever interact? What is the nature of the relationship b/w Universals and Particulars? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Sharing of ideal essences between Universals and Particulars. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Particulars are imitations of their corresponding Universals. |
|
|
Term
| Immanent Forms (Aristotle) |
|
Definition
| Universals reside as attributes of Particulars. Aristotle's Universals are dependent, no uninstantiated universals can exist. |
|
|
Term
| Transcendent Forms (Plato) |
|
Definition
| Universals are ideal, abstract concepts. They exist outside of space and time. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Issue with Plato's writings in which the audience is unsure of whether the Socrates character is expressing the real Socrates' arguments, or if he is being used as a mouthpiece for Plato's ideas. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
When particulars share forms.
(ie- Dogs, tress, and humans all share the universal/form of Living.) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Everything in the world is composed of both form and matter. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Properties that, if stripped away from a particular, would have no effect on its identity. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| If substance did not have this attribute, it would cease to be that particular thing. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| "Man is the measure of all things." The individual is the criterion unto himself as to what actually exists. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Property of Matter, that which takes up space. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| "I think therefore I am." |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Reduces everything to the two basic realities of mind and matter. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Mental substratum = The Mind |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
One of Descartes' methods of doubt.
"What if this all a dream?" |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Physical states cause mental states.
(Problem: What about psychosomatic disorders?) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The relationship of the mind to the body. |
|
|
