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METALS
lecture #4
21
Archaeology
Undergraduate 1
01/19/2010

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Term
WHAT ARE MINERAL ORES?
Definition
Metals mixed with oxygen (although this is not always the case)
Term
NAME THREE COPPER SOURCES.
Definition
Malachite, native copper (Cu), chalcopyrite
Term
NAME THREE WAYS TO GET MINERAL ORE OUR OF THE PARENT ROCK (IN THE PAST).
Definition
Antler pick (it would be stained with a greenish tint) ,fire setting (heat up and then throw water on it) and beneficiation (crushing/grinding of rock to try and separate both)
Term
WHAT IS HAFTING?
Definition
Connecting wood to a rock... i.e. hammerstone
Term
WHAT IS A GANGUE?
Definition
Parent rock that the metal is in
Term
WHAT IS USED TO HEAT UP AND MELT METAL?
Definition
Charcoal
Term
GIVE THE TERM KNOWN AS ‘MELTING STAGE’.
Definition
‘smelting’
Term
WHAT DEGREE CELCIUS DOES COPPER START TO MELT?
Definition
1083'C
Term
WHAT DOES A FLUX DO?
Definition
Reduces the melting temperature
Term
WHAT ARE COPPER PRILLS?
Definition
Results from separating from parent rock (chunky pieces)
Term
WHAT IS A CRUCIBLE?
Definition
Where you melt the copper; made of ceramic
Term
WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN AN OPEN MOLD AND A BI-VALVE MOLD?
Definition
Open only has one side, bi-valve two
Term
WHAT IS ALLOYING?
Definition
Process of combination
Term
GUNMETAL IS A COMBINATION OF WHAT TWO METALS?
Definition
Brass and bronze
Term
WHAT IS THE PROCESS OF CRYSTAL GROWTH IN METALS?
Definition
When dendrites continue to grow in a tree-like growth until all possible spaces are filled
Term
WHAT IS COLD WORK?
Definition
Changing metal without the use of heat
Term
WHAT IS THE PROCESS OF ANNEALING?
Definition
Removing stress by hitting the metal with a hammer
Term
NAME THE TWO IRON ORES.
Definition
Haematite and magnetite
Term
WHAT DROP OFF IN THE PROCESS OF SEPERATING METAL FROM PARENT ROCK IS MOST IMPORTANT IN IDENTIFYING SITES?
Definition
Slag
Term
WHAT DEGREE IN CELCIUS IS THE MELTING POINT OF SILVER?
Definition
960'C
Term
WHAT DEGREE IN CELCIUS IS THE MELTING POINT OF LEAD?
Definition
327'C
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