Term
| What are the two processes of Metabolism and what do they do? |
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Definition
| Anabolic, which means to put small molecules together to create bigger ones. Catabolic, which mean to break down molecules into smaller parts. |
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Term
| What is the difference between Macronutrient and Micronutrients in regards to how they affect the body? |
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Definition
| Macronutrients such as Carbs and Fat provide the body potential energy to store for use. Protein provides the building blocks for the creation on all cells in the body. Macronutrients do not provide energy but instead are used for the atoms in their molecules to keep everything functioning in the body properly via vitamins and minerals. |
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Term
| How many calories per gram of substrate are in Proteins, Carbohydrates, Fats, Vitamins and Minerals? |
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Definition
| Protein and Carbohydrates is 4 cal per gram. Fat is 9 cal per gram. Macronutrients do not have calories. |
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Term
| What are the two metabolic pathways and what makes them different for one another? |
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Definition
| Anaerobic which does not require oxygen and Aerobic which does. |
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Term
| In the Anaerobic Metabolic Pathway, what are the substrates that are used? |
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Definition
| Creatine Phosphate and Carbohydrates in the form of Glucose |
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Term
| In the Aerobic Metabolic Pathway, what are the substrates that are used? |
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Definition
| Oxidized Carbohydrates, Fats and in some cases Amino Acids |
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Term
| What are the 3 energy systems of the body? |
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Definition
| Phosphocreatine, Glycolytic System, Oxidative System |
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Term
| How does ATP become re-synthesized in the Phosphocreatine System? |
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Definition
| CreatinePhosphate donates its phosphate turning ADP into ATP and Creatine Phosphate into Creatine. |
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Term
| What is the limitation of this Phosphocreatine System and how long does it last? |
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Definition
| The Phosphocreatine system is limited based on how much creatine the body can store and will provide about 10 seconds of kinetic energy. |
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Term
| Complete the sentence: The _______ System breaks down ____ in the form of ______ in the ______ and _______ stored as ________. |
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Definition
| Complete the sentence: The Glycolytic System breaks down carbohydrates in the form of glucose in the muscles and liver stored as glycogen. |
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Term
| During the functioning of the Glycolytic System, what is glucose broken down into? |
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Definition
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Term
| In anaerobic conditions, what is pyruvate used for? |
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Definition
| It is converted to lactate, also known as lactic acid. |
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Term
| In aerobic conditions, what is pyruvate used for? |
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Definition
| It is used in the mitochondria to create oxidation. |
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Term
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Definition
| Organelles found in most cells where the processes of respiration and energy production occur. |
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Term
| What are the three types of Metabolism that food is used for and roughly what percentage of it is used for each? |
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Definition
| Basal Metabolism 60-75%, Physical Activity 15-30%, Thermic Effect of Food 10% |
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Term
| What are the two thermogenic types of physical activity when it comes to the "Physical Activity" of metabolism? |
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Definition
EAT - Exercise Activity Thermogenesis
NEAT - Non-Exercise Activity Thermogenesis |
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Term
| When it comes to the energy required to digest food, _____ has a higher TEF (Thermic Effect) than ______ or ______. |
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Definition
| When it comes to the energy required to digest food, protein has a higher TEF (Thermic Effect) than carbohydrates or fats. |
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Term
| Explain the process of the Phosphocreatine Shuttle. |
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Definition
When ATP loses its phosphate and becomes ADP, Creatine Phosphate donates its phosphate to ADP, through the catalyzation of the enzyme creatine kinase, resynthesizing ATP.
Once this happens, creatine loses its phosphate and is introduced into the intermembrane of the mitochondria of the cell where another type of creatine kinase creates a bond to another phosphate resynthesizing Creatine Phosphate and sending it back into the cytosol of the cell. |
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