Term
|
Definition
| Heat; Kinetic energy associated with the random movement of atoms |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Movement; the relative motion of objects |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Energy that matter possesses based on location and structure |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Potential energy available for release in a chemical reaction |
|
|
Term
| First law of Thermodynamics |
|
Definition
| Energy cannot be created or destroyed, just transferred or transformed |
|
|
Term
| 2nd law of Thermodynamics |
|
Definition
| During every transfer or transformation, some energy is lost as heat which contributes to the increase of entropy in the universe |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Can do work when temperature and pressure are uniform (potential energy, known as G) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Measure of disorder, randomness or chaos |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Endergonic: energy released, spontaneous, decrease in G
Exergonic: requires energy, non-spontaneous, increase in G |
|
|
Term
| Energy Coupling (within a metabolic pathway) |
|
Definition
| The use of an exergonic process to drive an endergonic one. |
|
|
Term
| How is ATP useful in energetic coupling? |
|
Definition
| Responsible for mediating most energy coupling in cells. Hydrolysis of ATP can be used to drive an endergonic reaction |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Initial energy needed to start a chemical reaction (EA) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Macromolecule that acts as a catalyst (lowers E subA). |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The reactant and enzyme acts on. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Specific region of the enzyme which binds to a substrate (or substrates). |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Adjunct that is bound to an enzyme either permanently or loosely along with the substrate - performs a crucial chemical function in catalysis. |
|
|
Term
| Inhibitor (competitive and non-competitive) |
|
Definition
Competitive: resemble a normal substrate molecule and compete for admission to the active site
Non-competitive (or allosteric): Impede enzymatic reactions by binding to another part and changing the enzyme shape |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A kind of allosteric activation in which a substrate molecule binds to one active site in a multisubunit enzyme triggers a shape change in all subunits thereby increasing catalytic activity at other active sites. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A metabolic pathway is switched off by using it's end product as an allosteric inhibitor on an enzyme that acts early in the pathway |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Exergonic processes in the cell are couple to regeneration of ATP (phosphorylation of ADP). |
|
|
