Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| movement of an object against a force |
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Definition
- stored energy
- chemical energy
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| First law of thermodynamics |
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Definition
| The amount of energy in the universe is constant; it cannot be created or destroyed--only changed |
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Term
| What does every energy change release? |
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Definition
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Definition
| energy that is not available to do work |
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Definition
| potential energy stored in chemical bonds |
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Term
| ATP - adenosine triphosphate |
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Definition
| primary carrier of chemical energy of cells |
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Term
| Where is ATP synthesized? |
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Definition
| mitochondria and chloroplasts |
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Term
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Definition
| 3 phosphate groups, ribose, and adenine |
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Term
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Definition
| all of the organized biochemical reactions that take place in an organism |
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Definition
| metabolic reactions that release energy during the breakdown of complex molecules |
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Term
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Definition
| Metabolic reactions that require energy to synthesize complex molecules |
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Term
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Definition
| proteins with specific AA sequences and 3-dimensional structures synthesized by the organism |
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Term
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Definition
| protein part of the eynzyme |
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Term
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Definition
| the complete product of an apoenzyme that binds with a cofactor and/or coenzyme |
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Term
| Difference between a cofactor and a coenzyme |
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Definition
cofactor - inorganic (metal ions) coenzyme - organic (vitamins) |
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Term
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Definition
| RNA molecules that act as "molecular scissors" to cut RNA strands |
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Term
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Definition
minimum amount of energy required for a given reaction to occur enzymes function by lowering the activation energy |
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Term
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Definition
| anything that an enzyme can bind to |
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Term
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Definition
| arrangement of molecules on the enzyme into which the specific substrate binds |
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Term
| 3 factors that affect enzyme activity |
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Definition
- temperature
- pH
- enzyme and substrate concentration
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Term
| What does a higher temperature do to chemical reactions? |
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Definition
| increases the rate of chemical reactions (molecules move faster and collide more frequently) |
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Term
| What happens when the temperature rises above a critical point? |
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Definition
| non-covalent bonds within an enzyme break and the enzyme denatures |
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Term
| What happens to the structure of denatured enzymes? |
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Definition
| they lose their specific 3-D structure and are no longer functional |
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Term
| How do extremes in pH denature enzymes? |
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Definition
| ions released from acids and bases interfere with hydrogen bonds and disrupt an eynzme's structure |
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Term
| How much enzyme is produced? |
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Definition
| Produced in the amounts and at the times they are needed to maintain a metabolic activity |
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Term
| True or false: competetive inhibitors undergo a chemical reaction to form products. |
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Definition
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Term
| Noncompetetive inhibitors |
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Definition
| Do not bind to the activite site; bind to the allosteric site (a site that is elsewhere on the enzyme) |
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