Term
| Identify the physiological conditions (fed state vs. fasted state) that favor fatty acid biosynthesis |
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Definition
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Term
| Identify hormones that activate and inhibit acetyl-CoA carboylase, which is the rate limiting enzyme in fatty acid biosynthesis |
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Definition
Hormonal activator: Insulin
Hormonal inhibitor: Glucagon/epinephrine
(enzyme is inactive when phosphorylated) |
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Term
| Identify the allosteric activator of acetyl-CoA carboxylase and predict the pysiological conditions when this activator would be elevated |
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Definition
| Citrate - will be elevated in fed state when TCA cycle is activated |
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Term
| Identify the allosteric inhibitor(s) of actetyl-CoA carboxylase and predict the physiological conditions when this activator would be elevated |
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Definition
| Palmitoyl CoA and AMP - will be elevated in the starved state |
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Term
| Considering the conditions that favor a rise in the hormonal and allosteric activators and inhibitors of acetyl-CoA carboxylase, predict whether the metabolism of glucose or fatty acids is most likely to give rise to the acetyl-CoA groups used in fatty acid biosynthesis |
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Definition
- metabolism of glucose is more likely to give rise to the acetyl-CoA groups used in fatty acid biosynthesis
(citrate is an activator of acetyl CoA carboxylase, and palmitoyl CoA is an inhibitor, which will not be around as much if oxidation of fatty acids is occuring). |
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Term
| Identify the product of the reaction catalyzed by acetyl-CoA carboxylase. |
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Definition
Acetyl-CoA carboxylase:
Acetyl CoA + HCO3- + ATP -> Malonyl CoA + ADP + Pi + H2O |
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Term
| Identify the allosteric activator of fatty acid synthase |
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Definition
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Term
| Predict the physiological conditions that favor and oppose the synthesis of new fatty acid synthase enzyme complex |
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Definition
Increased enzyme synthesis: high carbohydrate diet via insulin
Decreased enzyme synthesis: high fat diet via low insulin and high glucagon |
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Term
| Identify the essential fatty acids |
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Definition
1) linoleic acid 18:2
2) linolenic acid 18:3 |
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Term
| Predict the consequences of excess dietary glucose on triacyglycerol biosynthesis |
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Definition
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Term
| Predict the consequences of excess dietary fat on triacyglycerol biosynthesis |
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Definition
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Term
| Predict whether elevated levels of insulin or glucagon would lead to increased TAG biosynthesis |
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Definition
| elevated insulin will increase TAG biosynthesis |
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