Term
| T/F. The liver can store triglycerides. |
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Definition
| False. THe liver stores glycogen and converts glucose to triglycerides which get packaged and transported to adipose tissue. |
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Term
| Why are red blood cells unable to use fuel sources other than glucose? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Where in the cell does glycolysis, gluconeogenesis and FA synthesis occur? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What metabolic processes occur in mitochondria? |
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Definition
| Beta oxidation, the TCA cycle, and ETC. |
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Term
| T/F. NAD+, NADH, and CoA act as electron carriers passing back and forth across the mitochondrial membrane. |
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Definition
| False. Separate pools exist on both sides of the membrane. |
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Term
| Where are glycogen stores available for export for other cells of the body? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| T/F. Fatty acids or ketones can never be converted to glucose. |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What three carbon sources can be used in gluconeogenesis? |
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Definition
| Lactate, gluconeogenic amino acids, glycerol. |
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Term
| T/F. Insulin levels rise during the fed state and glucagon levels fall. |
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Definition
| False. Insulin levels increase, however glucagon levels remain relatively constant. |
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Term
| How are enzymes needed during a fast regulated? |
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Definition
| Glucagon signals for phosphorylation of these enzymes. Oppositely enzymes not used during the fasting state are unphosphorylated during a fast. |
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Term
| Amino acids that are not gluconeogenic are considered what? What can they be used for? |
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Definition
| Ketogenic. Can be catabolized in the liver for energy. Ketogenic amino acids do not necessarily have to form ketones. |
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Term
| What happens to the nitrogen of amino acids that are catabolized? |
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Definition
| The nitrogen is not ketabolized, instead it is converted to urea via the urea cycle. |
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Term
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Definition
| The pentose/phosphate pathway reduces the oxidized NADP+ |
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Term
| Is anabolism a reductive or oxidative process? |
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Definition
| Reductive process--add electrons so you can later cleave those bonds for energy. |
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Term
| Is catabolism a oxidative or reductive pathway? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What are the various catabolic processes? What molecules are they oxidizing? |
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Definition
-Glycolysis--oxidizing glucose
-Beta oxid--oxidizing fatty acids
-Krebs cycle--oxidizes metabolites from glycolysis (pyruvate), B oxid ( ), alcohol, amino acids |
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Term
| What metabolites can be converted to acetyl coA to enter the TCA cycle? |
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Definition
-Alcohol
-fatty acids
-Pyruvate |
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