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Metabolic Effects of Glucose & Insulin
Opt 500 lecture (10-17-2011)
15
Biochemistry
Professional
10/17/2011

Additional Biochemistry Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term

What level of glucose will initiate neuroglycopenia?

What are the effects on the body?

Definition

< 40 mg/mL

 

headaches

confusion

seizures

coma

death

Term
What level of glucose in blood leads to adrenaline response?
Definition
60-70 mg/mL
Term
Why can hypoglycemia happen right after eating?
Definition

A large meal can trigger overproduction of insulin to lead to hypoglycemia.

Recommended that pts eat smaller meals to prevent overproduction of insulin

Term
Effect of alcohol on levels of glucose
Definition
Can lead to hypoglycemia because alcohol uses the NAD cofactor needed in gluconeogenesis, so gluconeogenesis is inhibited.
Term
4 organs involved in fuel metabolism
Definition

liver, adipose, muscle, brain

 

All work together as community!

Term
Sources of energy for the body
Definition

carbs, fat, protein, ethanol, nucleotides

 

Nucleotides are only used as last resort

Term
hypoglycemia
Definition
pt has too much insulin with a low level of C peptide
Term
2 main mechanisms to reduce amount of glucose
Definition
Glycolysis (break down of glucose) and glycogenesis (turning glucose into glycogen)
Term
GLUT 4
Definition

depends on levels of insulin

found in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue

Term
These substrates serve to oppose insulin (maintain glucose)
Definition
Glucagon, epinephrine, cortisol, GH
Term

Glucagon works on __ protein coupled receptor to increase amount of glucose in blood to prevent hypoglycemia

 

___ and ___ will prevent glucagon secretion

Definition

Gs

 

High levels of glucose

Insulin

Term
Symptoms of hypoglycemia
Definition

blood glucose below 40

confusion, coma

 

Use glucose and epinephrine to combat hypoglycemia

Term
Main mechanisms to increase glucose
Definition

Gluconeogenesis

Glycogenolysis

Term
Effect of alcohol on diabetic pt
Definition
Alcohol can inhibit gluconeogenesis, which leads to hypoglycemia
Term
Ketoacidosis
Definition

Type 1 diabetes- without insulin, ketoacidosis will occur.

 

In type 2- insulin can be produced to prevent ketoacidosis. Pancreas cells have to work to provide enough insulin, which leads to pancreatic cell death eventually

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