divides body into equal right and left portions

(halves - always equal)

divides body into equal anterior and posterior portions

(halves - always equal)

pass crosswise through the body at right angles to the longitudinal axis

right angle to sagittal and coronal planes

Divide body into superior/inferior aka transverse plane cross-sectional

pass through a body part at any

angle between the other planes

pleural membranes

lungs

trachea

esophagus

pericardium

heart and great vessels

peritoneum

liver

gallbladder

pancreas

spleen

stomach

intestines

kidneys/ureters

major blood vessels

Retum

Urinary bladder

part of reproductive system

4 quadrants

or

9 regions

C7

Most prominent cervical spinous process

T2, T3

Good for isolating MSP

T9, T10

also on MSP

locate by palpating greater trochanters of femur

NEVER DIRECTLY PALPATE PUBIC SYMPHYSIS

common variations in the shape of the human body

determines size, shape, and position of organs

sthenic

hyposthenic

asthenic

hyperstenic

attachment for muscles

mechanical basis for movement

protection of organs

support

storage of minerals

blood cell production

inner, less dense

contains trabeculae filled with red and yellow marrow

tough outer layer

covers bones (except at articular ends)

long

short

flat

irregular

sesamoid

patella - largest sesamoid

sesamoids develop inside and beside tendons

no joint cavity

fibrous connective tissue

strongest joint

types: syndemosis, suture, gomphosis

no joint cavity

virtually immoveable

types: symphysis, synchondrosis

enclosed by articular capsule

freely movable

6 types:

gliding, hinge, pivot, ellipsoid, saddle, ball/socket

simplest synovial joint

ex. intercarpal joints

flexion/extension only

ex. elbow

rotation around a single axis

ex. atlantoaxial joint

flexion/extension, abduction/adduction, and circumduction

ex. wrist joint

widest range of motion

ex. shoulder

extend beyond or project out

from the main body of a bone

linear elevation

not as prominent as a crest

large, rounded, and elevated process

of the proximal femur

closed v. open

nondisplaced v. displaced

compression

compound (open)

simple

greenstick

transverse

spiral (oblique)

comminuted

impacted

forward or front part

aka ventral

back part

aka dorsal

toward the feet

(away from head)

anterior (top) of foot

or

back of the hand

path of the CR

identified by entrance/exit points

overall posture of the patient or general body position

also refers to specific placement of the body/part in relation to the table/IR

describes part as seen by the IR

OPPOSITE OF PROJECTION

CR enters from angle

AP or PA should be specified

Body position

upright

Body position

seated

Body position

recumbent

recumbent with pt lying on left anterior side with left leg extended and right knee/thigh partially flexed

Enema tip insertion position

supine with knees and hipped flexed,

thighs abducted and rotated externally,

ankles supported with straps

lying on side

named for side down

body is rotated

named according to side and surface

of body closer to the IR

RPO/LPO

RAO/LAO

recumbent position w/ horizontal CR

named by side pt is lying on

turning of part around its axis

medial v. lateral