Term
| What had kept the French from colonizing in the New World? |
|
Definition
| Foreign Wars/Domestic (religious) strifes |
|
|
Term
| What two ethnic groups were fighting in France? |
|
Definition
| Huguenots, Roman Catholic |
|
|
Term
| What was the name of THIS famous massacre of THIS French ethnic group? |
|
Definition
| St. Bartholomew's Day... Huguenots |
|
|
Term
| In 1598, THIS act was passed to grant religious toleration to Huguenots |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When did France establish its first colony in the New World? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What river is Quebec located by? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Who is known as the "father of New France"? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The French colonists were friendly with THIS Indian tribe, who made the French enemies with THIS tribe |
|
Definition
Hurons-allies
Iroquois-Enemies |
|
|
Term
| What was New France's/Canada's gov't like? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 17th century economic system that maintains the mantra that power=wealth. To achieve this, a favorable balance of trade must be maintained. Colonies exist solely to benefit mother country. Europeans sought to outdo each other's balances (wanted more exports). |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| 17th & 18th cnetury intellectual movement based on science and reason, rejecting supersition and religious dogma. |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| religion practiced by Enlightenment philosophers...said that God didn't get involved with individual rights of man, and was like a clock man... |
|
|
Term
| In 1750, how many colonists were in Catholic New France? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why was New France not as appealing as say, America was? |
|
Definition
-Landowners had little economic motive
-Huguenots had no religious refuge
-French gov't liked Caribbean island colonies that gave them sugar & rum |
|
|
Term
What were French beaver fur-pelt trappers called?
(Translation?) |
|
Definition
coureurs de bois
Runners of the woods |
|
|
Term
| Voyageurs recruited whom into the fur-trading business? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| French Catholic missionaries, called WHAT, tried to convert WHOM? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
NAME THAT MAN:
Antoine Cadillac |
|
Definition
| -Founder of Detroit to keep English out of Ohio River Valley |
|
|
Term
NAME THAT MAN:
Robert de La Salle |
|
Definition
-Founded Louisiana to check Spanish penetration into Gulf
-tried to colonize Mississippi delta, but was overthrown |
|
|
Term
| In New France, what was New Orleans very important for? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| From where in New France did a ton of grain come from? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| King William's war and Queen Anne's War pitted which two groups together? |
|
Definition
| British colonists, French coureurs de bois |
|
|
Term
| Why was guerilla warfare common in Queen Anne & King William's war? |
|
Definition
| neither side thought it was worth it to send large detachments of troops |
|
|
Term
| Which two cities were the sites of very bloody battles in Will and Anne's wars? |
|
Definition
Shnectady, NY
Deerfield, MA |
|
|
Term
| France's relationship with the Spanish did what for their cities? |
|
Definition
| kept them from taking Quebec & Montreal |
|
|
Term
THIS TREATY gave a ton of French land to the British, (WHAT LAND?) and eventually led to the War of Jenkins's ear.....
it also did THIS |
|
Definition
Treaty of Utrecht
Nova Scotia, Newfoundland, Hudson Bay
Limited trading rights in Spanish America |
|
|
Term
| The War of Jenkins's ear was mostly confined to... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The War of Jenkins's ear was merged with what war(s)? |
|
Definition
| War of Austrian Succession, King George's War |
|
|
Term
| In the War of Jenkins's ear, THIS territory was captured by the French, and given back with the peace treaty in 1748 |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| In 1749, a group of English spectators gained shaky rights to HOW MUCH land WHERE? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Describe George Washington's role in the American/European world wars |
|
Definition
-Lieut. Col. in command of 150 militiamen
-Encountered troops near Ft. Duquesne
-Killed French leader
-Hastily made Ft. Necessity
-Defeated
-This made the British fear the uprising of the French Acadians, and they sent them to Louisiana |
|
|
Term
| The fourth Anglo-French war was AKA |
|
Definition
| The French and Indian War |
|
|
Term
| Where was the French and Indian war fought? |
|
Definition
| America, Europe, West Indies, Africa, the Philippines, and the ocean. |
|
|
Term
| In Europe, who fought who in the French & Indian Wars? |
|
Definition
| Britain/Prussia v. France/Spain/Austria/Russia |
|
|
Term
| Where was the bloodiest battle in Europe's Seven Years' War? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Who was the great leader of the Seven Years' War? What nationality was he? |
|
Definition
| Frederick the Great, British |
|
|
Term
What was the name of the 1754 colonial meeting supposed to unite colonies, led by Ben Franklin?
-What was another chief purpose?
-Why did both sides reject the plans? |
|
Definition
-Albany Congress
-Ally Iroquois w/ British (they were harangued, and given guns)
-Colonies: too little independence. Britain: too much independence. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-That's General Braddock to you, mister
-Haughty 60-yr-old British officer
-Sent out to capture Ft. Duquesne
-Lost to smaller army outside of Ft. that set brutal fire around them |
|
|
Term
| What early victory made the NAs go wild in the Seven Years' War? |
|
Definition
| Victory against General Braddock |
|
|
Term
NAME THAT MAN:
William Pitt (7) |
|
Definition
-"The Great Commoner"
-"Organizer of Victory"
-Scaled back assaults on West Indies
-Concentrated on Quevec
-Picked young/energetic leaders
-Won Louisbourg in 1758
-Picked James Wolfe to lead Quebec |
|
|
Term
NAME THAT MAN:
James Wolfe |
|
Definition
-Won Quebec
-Led attack on poorly guarded cliff |
|
|
Term
| Where in Quebec did the British and French fight? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Who was the French leader in the loss of Quebec? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What city did the British conquer shortly after Quebec? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name 4 outcomes of the Treaty of Paris |
|
Definition
-French kept some W. Indies sugar islands, and St. Lawrence fishing stations
-gave LA (trans MI), New Orleans to Spain
-Spain gave FL to Britain
-Britain gave Cuba to Spain |
|
|
Term
| What things did the British do to have colonists see them in a poor light? |
|
Definition
-Saw Braddock's defeat (not invulnerable)
-Clashed with British regulars
-British did not recognize American commission above rank of captain |
|
|
Term
| Why did the British cut off exports from the Middle and NE colonies during the French and Indian War? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why did the colonists support the English in the French and Indian War? |
|
Definition
| They were generously bribed |
|
|
Term
| What similarities did colonists share? |
|
Definition
Similar....
-Language
-Ideals
-Morals |
|
|
Term
| Why was there more autonomy from the colonists when the French were driven out? |
|
Definition
| Didn't have to rely on British, Indians also no longer a threat |
|
|
Term
| Besides a military loss, why did the Indians suffer such a huge blow with the French and Indian War? |
|
Definition
| Could no longer pit enemies against each other |
|
|
Term
| TRIBE chief NAME led NA tribes, French traders against British in Ohio Country, and was thwarted by THIS plan |
|
Definition
Ottawa
Pontiac
Smallpox blankets |
|
|
Term
| Define: Proclamation of 1763 |
|
Definition
| Law that said that colonists couldn't go beyond Appalachians, supposed to prevent Indian attacks, colonists migrated anyway |
|
|
Term
| Why did the Acadians leave their homeland? |
|
Definition
| Britain forced them to swear allegiance or leave...eventually forced at gunpoint |
|
|
Term
| Where did the Acadians flee to? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Who set off a bridge building spree in LA to get Acadians to mingle with the rest of the world? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why did French Canadians leave their homeland? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| defined a just society as one in which citizens willingly subordinated their private, selfish interests to the common good...like Greece and Rome |
|
|
Term
| According to republicanism, society functions on.... |
|
Definition
| selflessness, self-sufficiency, courage, and civic involvement |
|
|
Term
| What were the ideals of radical Whig commentators? |
|
Definition
Feared the threat to liberty posed by arbitrary power of a monarch and his ministers relative to elected representatives in Parliament.....
against corruption and conspiracies |
|
|
Term
| How many of the 13 colonies were made by the British gov't? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How did the English gov't justify their interference in the colonies? |
|
Definition
| mercantalism...wealth=power...need gold/silver in treasury, and more exports |
|
|
Term
| What, according to Britain, are the colonies set up to do? |
|
Definition
Make mother country rich...
make tobacco, sugar, ships' masts, not woolen cloth/beaver hats, buy British stuff, and not rebel |
|
|
Term
| Name 4 English Navigation Laws |
|
Definition
-Don't trade with Dutch
-Only trade in British vessels
-Goods heading to America must land in Britain, get tariffs, and give money to British middlemen
-Only ship certain products (like tobacco) to Britain |
|
|
Term
| What happened regarding currency as a result of the English Navigation Laws? |
|
Definition
| There was a huge shortage of it!! |
|
|
Term
Because of the currency shortage, what were colonies forced to do?
What happened because of that? |
|
Definition
-print paper money
-British merchants/creditors made Parliament prohibit paper money and bankruptcy laws |
|
|
Term
| V/F: Parliament was able to nullify laws in the colonies |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In what year were British Navigation laws enforced? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| To whom did London pay lots of $ to ship WHAT? |
|
Definition
| Colonial producers, ship parts |
|
|
Term
| Why did VA tobacco planters benefit from English Navigation Laws? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why did all colonists benefit from being in the British empire? |
|
Definition
| Protected by best navy in the world, & redcoats |
|
|
Term
| What stifled economic initiative in the colonies? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
NAME THAT MAN:
George Grenville |
|
Definition
-British prime minister
-Told navvy to enforce Navigation Laws in 1763
-Passed Sugar Act (1764)
(first time Parliament raised colonial taxes!!) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Tax on sugar & molasses from W. Indies, lowered by colonists |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Tax on paper goods
-Much heavier in Britain
-Colonists saw it as impeding on rights |
|
|
Term
| Why didn't the colonists see a need to pay for defense? |
|
Definition
| French, Pontiac troops gone |
|
|
Term
| According to colonists, what kind of laws can Parliament pass/ |
|
Definition
| laws for empire and trade, not taxes in America...only the local gov't could do that |
|
|
Term
| Define: virtual representation |
|
Definition
| Our representatives are supposed to represent all British citizens |
|
|
Term
DEFINE:
Stamp Act Congress (1765) |
|
Definition
-27 delegates in NY
-made a statement of grievances
-largely unnoticed. |
|
|
Term
What did the widespread non-importation agreements that followed the Stamp Acts entail?
Why did this catch on so quickly? |
|
Definition
-Lamb chops: bad....woolen garments: good
-Gave ordinary people chance to participate |
|
|
Term
-What was the motto of the sons/daughters of Liberty?
-What did the sons do? |
|
Definition
-"Liberty, Property, and No Stamps."
-ransacked houses of officials |
|
|
Term
| When the Stamp Act was supposed to go into effect, what happened? |
|
Definition
| No one was left to enforce it |
|
|
Term
| DEFINE: The Declaratory Act |
|
Definition
| -reaffirmed Parliament's right to "bind" the colonies "in all cases whatsoever" |
|
|
Term
| When the stamp act was repealed, what did NYers do in regards to the British monarchy? |
|
Definition
| Made a statue of King George III |
|
|
Term
NAME THAT MAN:
Townshend (not Pete) |
|
Definition
-"Champagne Charley"
-Got Parliament to pass Townshend Acts of 1767
-Taxed glass, white lead, paper, paint, and tea |
|
|
Term
| Why didn't colonists like the Townshend acts? |
|
Definition
| The revenue was earmarked to pay royal governors |
|
|
Term
| Why was the NY legislature suspended in 1767? |
|
Definition
| Did not comply with Quartering Act |
|
|
Term
| While non-importation agreements did not come back as strongly when the Townshend Acts were pass, THIS illegal act still ensued |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What were colonists' reactions when two regiments of red coated "ruffians" showed up in 1768? |
|
Definition
| Thought they were drunken and profane. |
|
|
Term
| On what date was the Boston Massacre? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-60 townspeople throw snowballs at redcoats
-still mad at 11 year old boy shot during protests
-11 died
-John Adams defended soldiers |
|
|
Term
| Who was among the first to die in the Boston Massacre? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| King George III was a bad ruler, and surrounded himself with these people in his court who agreed with everything he said |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| V/F: Lord North was in charge of the "yes men" |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| While Parliament repealed most of their taxes, which one did they keep alive, and why? |
|
Definition
| Tea...brings revenue, and wanted to keep Parliament's ability to tax the colonies alive |
|
|
Term
| Who organized the Committees of Correspondence in 1772 Boston? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What was the purpose of the Committees of Correspondence? |
|
Definition
| Keep opposition to British alive |
|
|
Term
| How did all colonies get to the point of setting up a standing committee for grievances towards the British? |
|
Definition
| House of Burgesses started it |
|
|
Term
| In 1773, THIS company got a nice monopoly on tea. How did the colonists see this? |
|
Definition
British East India Co.
The prices were cheaper, but the colonists thought they were being duped into actually paying the taxes |
|
|
Term
-How did citizens of Philly and NY protest the tea monopoly?
-In Annapolis?
-In Charleston?
-In Boston? |
|
Definition
-demonstrations
-burned cargo, vessels
-officials seized tea for nonpayment when merchants refused delivery
-Threw tea overboard |
|
|
Term
NAME THAT MAN:
Thomas Hutchinson |
|
Definition
| Wouldn't let tea ships clear Boston harbor until they had unloaded their cargoes. |
|
|
Term
| On what date was the Boston Tea Party? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How did conservatives see the Boston tea Party? |
|
Definition
| -breaking the law, anarchy |
|
|
Term
| V/F: Some saw tea as a "badge of slavery" |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Closed harbor until damages were paid, and order ensued |
|
|
Term
| What law concerning British soldier murderers angered colonists? |
|
Definition
| Law said that soldiers murdering colonists in the line of duty would be tried in Britain, where colonists figured they could get off Scot-Free |
|
|
Term
DEFINE:
The Quartering Act |
|
Definition
| -Colonists had to be able to lodge soldiers anywhere, even in their private homes |
|
|
Term
NAME THAT LEGISLATION:
Quebec Act |
|
Definition
-Colonists thought it was a reaction to the tea party
-gave Frenchmen a right to Catholicism, old customs, old boundaries
-Upset Catholics, land speculators looking beyond the Alleghenies, and colonists who noticed that the Intolerable acts were focused on MA, but the Quebec Act had a much broader range |
|
|
Term
-When did the first Continental Congress meet?
-Who led it?
-What did he convince delegates to do? |
|
Definition
-1774
-John Adams
-Go the revolutionary route, not the moderate route of home rule with British discretion |
|
|
Term
| Name 3 things to come out of the 1st Continental Congress |
|
Definition
-Declaration of Rights
-Solemn appeals to British American colonists, king, and British people
-The Association |
|
|
Term
NAME THAT DOCUMENT
The Association |
|
Definition
-No British imports, exports, or consumption
-meet back in May 1775 if this doesn't work |
|
|
Term
| Describe what happened in Lexington in April, 1775 |
|
Definition
-British Boston commander sent troops to nearby Lexington to bag "revel" regulators John Hancock and Sam Adams
-8 killed in what was essentially a Lexington massacre |
|
|
Term
| Describe what happened in Concord in April, 1775 |
|
Definition
| The British retreated from the rebel militiamen!! (minutemen) |
|
|
Term
| What did the British have in their favor going into the war? (4) |
|
Definition
-7.5 mil British against 2.5 mil Americans
-Large, professionally trained army
-Treasury to hire German soldiers (Hessians), and American Loyalists
-Kickass navy |
|
|
Term
| What was going against the Britsh going into the war? (8) |
|
Definition
-Ireland wanted to revolt
-France wanted revenge
-No more Willam Pitt - just George and North
-British Whigs wanted Tories to lose
-Second-rate generals dispatched in America
-Poorly treated soldiers
-Distance factor to soldiers
-Redcoats had to deal w/ whining colonists |
|
|
Term
| What did the Americans have going for them going into the war? (6) |
|
Definition
-no one city/center to crush
-Great leaders
-French foreign aid
-European officers volunteering
-Defensive position
-Belief that their side was a just cause |
|
|
Term
NAME THAT MAN:
Marquis Lafayette |
|
Definition
-19-year-old French (American serving) major general
-Helped secure aid from France |
|
|
Term
| What did the Americans have going against them going into the war? |
|
Definition
-Bad organization/unity
-Poorly trained army
-Starved militiamen
-continental money |
|
|
Term
| Where did Americans get a lot of military supplies? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
NAME THAT MAN:
Baron von Steuben |
|
Definition
| German who whipped American militamen into shape |
|
|
Term
| Name a famous black rebel soldier |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
NAME THAT MAN;
Lord Dunmore |
|
Definition
-VA governor
-Promised freedom for any slave who joined British army
-kept word to some...evacuated them to Nova Scotia, Jamaica, and England at the war's end |
|
|
Term
| For merchants, profit came from selling to which side? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Electrons are arranged around atomic nuclei like planets around the sun |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Electrons occupy areas around atomic nuclei like clouds
AKA cloud model |
|
|
Term
| Define: ELECTRON STRUCTURE |
|
Definition
| Electrons are arranged around the nucleus in energy levels, sub-levels and orbitals |
|
|
Term
| Define: Energy levels/sub levels |
|
Definition
| The distance from the nucleus to an electron is found |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The space where there is a high probability the electron occupies |
|
|
Term
| How are main levels identified? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How does emission spectra give evidence for energy sub-levels? |
|
Definition
| Big gaps in emission spectra lines indicate the distance between main energy levels; small gaps indicate the distance between sub-levels. |
|
|
Term
| How are sub levels identified? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How are orbitals identified? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How are spins identified? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Define: the aufbao principle |
|
Definition
| electrons occupy the orbitals of lowest energy first |
|
|
Term
| The pauli exclusion principle |
|
Definition
| an orbital can hold a maximum of 2 electrons, and they must have opposite spins....NO 2 ELECTRONS CAN HAVE THE SAME SET OF QUANTUM #S |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| One electron enters each orbital of that sub-level contain 1 electron with the same spin direction |
|
|
Term
| What is the Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle? |
|
Definition
The position and energy of velocity of an electron cannot be measured at the same time...
a maximum of 2 electrons can be held in any orbitals.
Electrons fill energy levels as atomic number increases generally by filling the lowest first.
Valence electrons of the main group elements occupy the S and P sub-levels of the outermost energy levels.
The position of any element on the periodic table shows which sub-level, S, P, D, or F the valence electrons occupy.
The periodic table not only reflects electron structure according to the number of valence electrons, main groups 1, 2, - valence electrons in S sub-level, groups 13-18 valence electrons in S and P sub-levels. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
N
Main level or quantum shell
(1,2,3,4,5, etc) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
l
sublevel/subshell (s->0, p->1, d->2, f->3) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The # of possible orbitals in a sublevel is given by the formula... |
|
Definition
| (2L+1), where 1= the sublevel or subshell # 0, 1,2, or 3 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Electrons in the outer energy levels of atoms which take part in chemical reactions |
|
|
Term
On the periodic table, does ATOMIC SIZE increase or decrease...
going down the periodic table?
why?
going across the periodic table?
Why? |
|
Definition
increase
The number of energy levels increases as you move down a group as the number of electrons increases. Each subsequent energy level is further from the nucleus than the last.
decrease
The concentration of more protons in the nucleus creates a "higher effective nuclear charge." In other words, there is a stronger force of attraction pulling the electrons closer to the nucleus resulting in a smaller atomic radius. |
|
|
Term
On the periodic table, does IONIZATION ENERGY increase or decrease...
going down the periodic table?
going across the periodic table?
Why? |
|
Definition
decrease
Electrons are further from the nucleus and thus easier to remove the outermost one.
increase
As you move across a period, the atomic radius decreases, that is, the atom is smaller. The outer electrons are closer to the nucleus and more strongly attracted to the center. Therefore, it becomes more difficult to remove the outermost electron. |
|
|
Term
| Define: ionization energy |
|
Definition
| electron's ability to pull electrons off of another atom |
|
|
Term
| define: electronegativity |
|
Definition
| atom's ability to hold onto its electrons |
|
|
Term
On the periodic table, does IONIC SIZE increase or decrease...
going down the periodic table?
why?
going across the periodic table?
Why? |
|
Definition
| ionic size increases across the periodic table |
|
|
Term
On the periodic table, does ELECTRONEGATIVITY increase or decrease...
going down the periodic table?
why?
going across the periodic table?
Why? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
On the periodic table, does NUCLEAR CHARGE increase or decrease...
going down the periodic table?
why?
going across the periodic table?
Why? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
On the periodic table, does SHIELDING increase or decrease...
going down the periodic table?
why?
going across the periodic table?
Why? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When electrons are added to an atom, does it become more or less metallic? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why must orbitals have different shapes? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Name the shapes of orbitals in the
s
p
d
f
orbital |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How many orbitals are in the p level? How are they positioned? |
|
Definition
3x,3y,3z (so...3)
they are all positioned in different coordinate planes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| total charge of all the protons in the nucleus. It has the same value as the atomic number. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
•The shielding effect describes the decrease in attraction between an electron and the nucleus in any atom with more than one electron shell.
•Shielding electrons are the electrons in the energy levels between the nucleus and the valence electrons. They are called "shielding" electrons because they "shield" the valence electrons from the force of attraction exerted by the positive charge in the nucleus. |
|
|
Term
| Why are anions larger than their respective atoms? |
|
Definition
| electrostatic repulsion, also protons cannot pull extra electrons as tightly towards the nucleus |
|
|
