Term
| Sx of schizophrenia & mood disorder. (More insight & less cognitive dysfunction) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This disorder is more likely to occur in women than in men. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Schizoaffective disorder may be related to ________ structural abnormality. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Atypical antipsychotics c mood stabilizing effect |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Atypical antipsychotic c antidepressant effect |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What combination of mental health drugs for schizoaffective is contraindicated r/t brain damage? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _________ is a common drug class that may increase Lithium level. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Nonbizarre delusions of at least 1 months duration, no presence of characteristic sx of schizophrenia, functioning not markedly impaired; behavior not odd or bizarre. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Delusions that another person of usually higher status is in love with the person. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Delusions of inflated worth, power, knowledge, identity or special relationship to a deity or famous person. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Delusions that the individual's sexual partner is unfaithful. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Delusions that person or someone close to person is being malevolently treated in some way. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Delusion that person has some physical defect or general medical condition. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Uninterrupted period of illness during which there is a major depressive, manic or mixed episode & at least 2 weeks during this time period schizophrenia sx exist w/o mood sx. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Manic or mixed & can include depression type. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Depressive schizoaffective disorder |
|
|
Term
| When does delusional disorder usually begin? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Content of delusions in delusional disorder varies between _________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Temporal lobe asymmetry-subtle cortical change in aging (cognitive rigidity) is implicated in what disorder? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Malfunctioning _________ system and posterior cortical dysfunction (denial of reality) are related to delusional disorder. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Episode at least one day but less than one month. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Two people believe and share of of the person's delusional beliefs (93% of passive recover) |
|
Definition
| Shared psychotic disorder (folie a'deux) |
|
|
Term
| What is a great support group for families of the mentally ill? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Multigenerational diagram listing family members & their relationships. Includes ages, dates of marriage and death & geographic locations. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Family Apgar measuring functions. |
|
Definition
Resource
Decisions
Nurturing
Emotional experiences
Time, space & money |
|
|
Term
| Components of Comprehensive Family Psychoeducation Program (5) |
|
Definition
Didactic
Skill
Emotional
Family process
Social |
|
|
Term
| A time of danger & opportunity. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Crises are time limited and last no more than ____to____ weeks. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Developmental events requiring role changes. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| These occur when a life event upsets an individual's psychological equilibrium. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Unexpected or unusual events affecting a person or group of people dramatically as in violent crime, natural disasters, war. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ABCs of psychological first aid |
|
Definition
Arousal
Behavior
Cognition |
|
|
Term
| A sudden, overwhelming catastrophic event that causes great damage and destruction. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| An intense, emotional reaction to the loss of a loved one. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The process of mourning that begins immediately but it can last months or years. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _______'s levels of anxiety include 4 levels. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Level of anxiety involving loss of control. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Level of anxiety that produces selective inattention. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Level of anxiety that focuses on specific details. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The physical response to stress is illustrated by Hans Selye in the __________ ____________ __________ (GAS). |
|
Definition
| General adaptation syndrome |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Alarm
Resistance
Exhaustion |
|
|
Term
| Level of stress that increases alertness and motivates learning. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Person-environment and interaction c the environment are both what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Increased commitment to a goal that is being threatened means increased stress. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The person evaluates events as a threat, harm or challenge. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Person looks at the outcome of events |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Stress compromises the ________ system. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Rarely in stress the _____ can be activated. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Stress emotional responses (4 types) |
|
Definition
Negative
Positive
Borderline
Non-emotions |
|
|
Term
| A deliberate, planned and psychological activity that may inhibit or override the innate urge to act. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Two types of coping mechanisms. |
|
Definition
Problem-focused
Emotion-focused |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Changes how you feel about the situation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The person's capacity to survive and flourish. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 3 important areas that adaptation affects. |
|
Definition
Health/illness
Psychological well-being
Social functioning |
|
|
Term
| Most common of the psychiatric illnesses, often chronic and persistent |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which gender experiences anxiety disorders more often? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Recurrent, unexpected intense periods of extreme apprehension and terror w/o clear precipitant. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Onset of panic attack is sudden and lasts ___ minutes or less; panic attacks last for ___-___ minutes. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Recurrent, unexpected panic attacks followed by a month or more of consistent concert about having another attack. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Women appear more likely to experience panic disorder with ________ & more likely to experience panic Sx after remission. |
|
Definition
| Agoraphobia (fear of wide-open spaces) |
|
|
Term
| Highly associated with depression, medical conditions including hypertension, mitral valve prolapse and cigarette smoking |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Reduce frequency, GAD, disability and phobic avoidance disorder w/ or w/o agoraphobia. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Reduce the # of attacks, anticipatory anxiety and phobic avoidance. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Eliminate attacks in 55% to 75% |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Educating about the nature of anxiety & panic & providing some form of exposure, and coping skills significantly reduces Sx |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Anxiety about, or avoidance of places or situations from which escape might be difficult (embarrassing) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In agoraphobia severe impairment can make the person _______. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Excessive uncontrollable worry & anxiety about several issues that occurs more days that not for a period of at least 6 months. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| buspirone; antidepressants |
|
|
Term
| Nutrition counseling for GAD |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Persistent, excessive irrational fear of a particular object or situation that actually poses no threat. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Fear of animals, claustrophobia, air travel; usually little impairment |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Fear of being exposed to scrutiny, humiliated or embarrassed by others, such as choking on food in restaurant or saying foolish things. Usually mild impairment. |
|
Definition
| Social phobia (social anxiety disorder) |
|
|
Term
| _________-based procedures, especially in vivo exposure, reduce or eliminate most aspects of specific phobic disorders. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What meds are Rx'd for specific phobias. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What phobia is an exception to the rule of systematic desensitization. |
|
Definition
| Children afraid of going to school |
|
|
Term
| Drug classes that can be helpful for social phobia. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Unwanted, intrusive and persisten thoughts, impulses or images that cause anxiety and distress. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Behaviors that are performed repeatedly, in a ritualistic fashion with the goal of preventing or relieving anxiety and distress caused by obsessions. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Men with OCD are more commonly affected by _________; women have a higher incidence of ______ and ______rituals. |
|
Definition
| Obsessions; checking/cleaning |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What infection is linked with OCD? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Antidepressants are given in _______ doses in OCD than for Tx of depression. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Response to severe emotional or physical trauma characterized by re-experiencing of the trauma, emotional numbing and increased arousal. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Intrusive re-experiencing of the trauma |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Sleed disturbance, temper outbursts, exaggerated startle reflex. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How long can PTSD response be delayed? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
SSRIs
MAOIs
TCAs
Exposure therapies |
|
|
Term
| Physical & emotional exhaustion leading to emotional distancing. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Burnout & secondary trauma (empathy for victimized patients) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Exposure to an imaginary event. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Strips an idea, object or situation of its emotional significance and feeling. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This population with Anxiety disorders has a higher risk of suicide. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This population with separation anxiety and OCD has higher rates of suicidal behavior, early parenthood, drug & alcohol dependence |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Presence of 2 or more distinct personalities within 1 individual |
|
Definition
| Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID) |
|
|
Term
| Most with DID have at least one _____ alter ego. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Core personality usually unaware of ____ when first seek Tx. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Physically traveling form usual environment, inability to recall important aspects of identity, and assumption of new identity. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Later the person does not remember the fugue, lasts hours to ___, rarely ________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 1 or more episodes of memory loss of important personal information from short time period, to memory loss about certain topic or whole life. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Tx Dissociative Disorders |
|
Definition
| Sodium pentobarbital, sodium amobarbital, hypnosis |
|
|
Term
| Trying to escape responsibility and get special treatment. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Dissociative disorder ideal outcome. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| First line Tx for anxiety |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Most widely prescribed class of drugs in the world. 5 in top 200 prescribed. Lipid soluble & protein bound-ender CNS quickly. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| BDZs depress the CNS in limbic system and enhance action of ______. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Most common BDZs for Anxiety |
|
Definition
alprazolam (Xanax)
clonazepam (Klonipin)
diazepam (Valium)
lorazepam (Ativan) |
|
|
Term
| BDZ commonly used in ETOH withdrawal. |
|
Definition
| chlordiazepoxide (Librium) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
temazepam (Restoril)
triazolam (Halcion) |
|
|
Term
| Taking BDZs with _____ can be deadly. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| BDZs can cause ________ rxns. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| BDZs most likely to cause paradoxical rxns. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| buspirone, zolpidem (Ambien) |
|
|
Term
| Short term sleep-aid sedative hypnotic |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The paramount aim of psychiatric nurses and staffing is what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Maintenance of a _____ and ______ therapeutic milieu is a dimension of keeping the unit safe. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Verbal statements that are intended to threaten or control. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A physical act of force intended to cause harm to a person or an object. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the single best predictor of violence? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Patients with active psychotic Sx & substance abuse disorders have a higher risk of what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A Hx of several episodes of failure to control aggressive impulses resulting in serious assault or property destruction |
|
Definition
| Intermittent Explosive Disorder |
|
|
Term
| What is a very important nursing cognitive intervention? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Major chemical restraints |
|
Definition
| Haldol, Ativan (lorazepam) |
|
|
Term
| ___% of US gets at least 8 hrs sleep/night. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Amt sleep preadolescents need |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Amt sleep adolescents need |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Amt of sleep adults & elderly need |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| endogenously generated rhythm close to 24-25 hours, synchronized with the day/night cycle |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Bedtime to the beginning of sleep |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Ratio of total sleep time to nocturnal time in bed |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Affects hormone releases, temperature, manual dexterity, reaction time, simple dexterity, muscle tone |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Sleep rhythm that can look like mental illness. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| increases with each sleep cycle, function is still a mystery. When sleep deprived comes early. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| disorders of amount quality or timing of sleep |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| disorders of particular physiologic or behavioral reactions during sleep |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Difficulty falling asleep, maintaining sleep & early awakening
Daytime fatigue, difficulty with concentration, and bad mood with no indication of another disorder
30% to 35% prevalence
“Light sleepers” before persistent sleep problems developed, easily awakened at night
Treatment includes education and interventions for normalizing sleep, over-the-counter (OTC) antihistamines, alcohol, and prescription medications |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Can take 4-6 days to recover from this. (sleep) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| OTCs to help with primary insomnia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| confirms sleep disorders, describes sleep architecture & any abnormalities |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Exercise at least __ hrs before bedtime. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Benzodiazepines, zolpidem (ambien), and zaleplon (sonata) reduce sleep onset by 15 to 30 minutes, decrease awakenings and increase total sleep time. |
|
Definition
| Short-term EBP Tx of Insomnia |
|
|
Term
| behavioral interventions (stimulus control, sleep restriction, relaxation strategies, and cognitive-behavioral therapy) reduce sleep onset time, decrease awakenings, and increase total sleep time. |
|
Definition
| Long-term EBP Tx of Insomnia |
|
|
Term
| _______ foods should be avoided before bedtime. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Excessive sleepiness for at least 1 month, demonstrated by either daytime sleep episodes or sleeping extended periods at night
Sleeps 8 to 12 hours
Difficulty awakening
Poor concentration and memory and excessive daytime sleepiness, taking naps |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Irresistible urge to sleep at any time of the day, regardless of the amount of previous sleep (2-6X a day)
Daytime sleepiness
Sleep episodes are usually short
Begins in young adulthood |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| bilateral loss of muscle tone while awake, alert & oriented, after strong emotion such as laughter, lasts a few seconds, eyelids may droop, knees may buckle |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| can’t move when falling asleep or waking up |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Hallucination when falling asleep |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| CNS stimulants (methylphenidate, dextroamphetamine, modafinil, and pemoline) and tricyclic antidepressants |
|
|
Term
| excessive snoring during sleep and episodes of sleep apnea |
|
Definition
| Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSA) |
|
|
Term
Surgical removal of excess soft tissue
Continuous positive airway pressure
Weight loss
Changing to lateral sleeping position
Oral appliance
Are potential Tx's for what? |
|
Definition
| Breathing-related sleep disorders |
|
|
Term
| Circadian system is usually cued by _________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Internal pacemaker located in ___________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) |
|
|
Term
Mismatch between circadian rhythm and the timing and duration of sleep
Delayed sleep phase type- owls
Jet lag type- going east worse (earlier time)
Shift work type- nurses at risk |
|
Definition
| Circadian Rhythm Sleep DIsorders |
|
|
Term
| progressively delay bedtime 3 hours a day until target time is reached |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Etiology unknown, some genetic predisposition
Abnormal physiologic or behavior events that occur in relationship to sleep or to specific sleep stages, or during transition from sleep to wakefulness
Nightmare disorder
Sleep terror disorder
Sleepwalking disorder |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Repeated occurrence of frightening dreams that fully awaken an individual
Some people avoid sleep because of their fear of nightmares
Interdisciplinary treatment
Psychotherapy aimed at conflict resolution
Cognitive and behavioral interventions
Desensitization and relaxation techniques
Visualize different ending |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The repetition of episodes of sleep terrors with screaming, fear, and panic, causing clinical distress or impairing social, occupational, or other areas of functioning
Usually occur in the first third of the night and may last 1 to 10 minutes
Inconsolable hard to awaken, don’t remember upon awakening (6% of children- peak age 5 to 7) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Mild form- sits up in bed and mumbles
Complex behavior may involve getting out of bed, walking outside the house, driving a car, awakening in a different place
A blank stare, unresponsive to conversation, and difficult to awaken
Legal controversy about sleep related violence
Interdisciplinary treatment
Instruct to take precautions regarding possible sleepwalking episodes
Benzodiazepines if potential for harm
Hypnosis supplemented by psychotherapy |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is acute stress disorder? |
|
Definition
| Pre-PTSD (Time period before diagnosis) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Disorder Charles Darwin had. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Degree of anxiety where learning is impossible and the person is focused on a blown up detail or scattered details. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Level of anxiety with selective inattention and a slightly narrowed perceptual field. Able to sustain attention on a particular focus. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Degree of anxiety where perceptual field widens slightly. Day to day tensions. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Level of anxiety where perceptual field is greatly reduced with a tendency toward dissociation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| chlordiazepoxide (Librium) |
|
Definition
| BDZ used in ETOH withdrawal |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Opposition or resistance, either covert or overt to outside suggestions or advice. May be seen in schizophrenia. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Mimicking movements of another person |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| An association disturbance in which a person's thought and speech stray from the original discussion, never to return to the central point or answer the question. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Involuntary excessive continuation or repetition of a signel response, idea or activity. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Misperception of a real stimulus. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Advice
Agreement
Challenges
Reassurance
Disapproval |
|
Definition
| Techniques that inhibit communication |
|
|
Term
| olanzapine (Zyprexa) class |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| sertraline (Zoloft) class |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Anticholinergic effects, weight gain and diabetes can result from what drug/drug class? |
|
Definition
| olanzapine (atypical antipsychotics) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This drug class has side effects of headache, anxiety, insomnia, transient nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and sexual dysfunction. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _______ has higher risk for suicide than schizophrenia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _________ dynamics are not a cause of schizoaffective disorders. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Schizoaffective disorder involves overactivity of ______ pathways and altered _____ metabolism. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Disorder with very complex medication regiment. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What patient population can use atypical antipsychotics intermittently by monitoring early recurring Sx? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why should someone with schizoaffective disorder monitor their temperature? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| People with this disorder do not usually develop full insight and symptoms do not usually go away completely. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What kind of families have a condensed life cycle, chronic stress, untimely losses, reliance on institutional support and female-headed households? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When balancing factors are present how does an individual handle a crisis? |
|
Definition
Realistic perception
Adequate situational support
Adequate coping skills |
|
|
Term
| Intervention in crisis situation may need to be _______ if problem-solving abilities are strained. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What should you not tell someone in a crisis? |
|
Definition
| Unrealistic or false reassurances of positive outcomes. |
|
|
Term
| Dysfunctional grieving often leads to ________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Shock & Disbelief
Acute mourning
Resolution |
|
|
Term
| What kind of treatment substantially reduces Sx of panic disorder with agoraphobia? |
|
Definition
| Situational in vivo exposure |
|
|
Term
| What mental disorder/disease is most likely to be violent? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What two factors increase risk of violence? |
|
Definition
Active hallucinations
Substance abuse disorders |
|
|
Term
| Head trauma, tumor, exposure to toxic chemicals, history of anoxia can all make people more likely to be ________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The general propensity to be angry (trait anger)
Current feelings (state anger)
Several styles of anger expression |
|
Definition
| The Spielberger State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory (STAXI) measures |
|
|
Term
| How can you prevent anger/aggression? |
|
Definition
| Be aware of your own stress and don’t take out frustrations on patients (countertransference) |
|
|
Term
| Violence prone people need __X more personal space. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| After giving Haldol IM, your patient becomes increasingly agitated, what do you suspect? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Physician’s order can be obtained after emergency for restraints.
Lasts __hours for adults, __hours for adolescents, & __hour for children under age 9 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Dextroamphetamine (Dexedrine)
Methylphenidate (Ritalin, Concerta)
Pemoline (Cylert) |
|
|
