Term
| Extrapyramidal motor system |
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Definition
| nerve trunk connecting thalmus to basal ganglia, controls muscle tone reflexes, automatic motor movements like walking- antipsychotic medications cause extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS) like hypertonicity, stiffness, tremors etc |
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Term
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Definition
| emits serotonin- depression & fibromyalgia, eating disorders |
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Term
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Definition
| motor speech function, personality executive functions (plan & initiate actions) |
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Term
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Definition
| memory & emotional behavior |
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Term
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Definition
| pleasure center, may be involved in addiction |
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Term
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Definition
| ability of the brain to change-synaptic pruning |
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Term
| how does the brain compensate for loss of function in specific areas? |
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Definition
| nerve signals rerouted,cells learn new functions,new tissues regenerated |
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Term
| excitatory neurotransmitters |
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Definition
| reduce the membrane potential and enhance the transmission of the signal between neurons |
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Term
| inhibitory neurotransmitters |
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Definition
| increase the membrane potential and depress the transmission of the signal between neurons |
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Term
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Definition
| stores neurotransmitters (monoamines) and releases neurotransmitters when excited |
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Term
| Synapse (synaptic cleft or gap) |
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Definition
| space between presynapse and postsynapse |
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Term
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Definition
| receives impulse when transmitted and releases neurotransmitters after impulse is received |
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Term
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Definition
| cognition, motor, involuntary motor movements, and neuroendocrine functions |
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Term
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Definition
| implicated in schizophrenia & other psychosis as well as release with cocaine and amphetamine use |
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Term
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Definition
| deals with appetite, sleep, mood, pain perception, vomiting, hallucinations |
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Term
| under activity of serotonin |
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Definition
| implicated in depression, bulimia & OCD |
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Term
| disregulation of serotonin |
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Definition
| implicated in anxiety, violence, schizoaffective and personality disorders |
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Term
| disregulation of serotonin |
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Definition
| implicated in anxiety, violence, schizoaffective and personality disorders |
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Term
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Definition
| deals with mood states, learning & memory |
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Term
| underactivity of norepinephrine |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Alzheimer’s Disease and Korsakoffs’ syndrome |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
higher intellectual functioning & memory,
Under-activity implicated in Alzheimer’s disease |
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Term
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Definition
synthesized from serotonin
Shortage implicated in Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD) & sleep/wake cycle |
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Term
| Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) |
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Definition
| Inhibitory neurotransmitter (decreases neurotransmission Low levels of this receptors causes more susceptibility to anxiety disorders, seizures example- benzos |
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Term
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Definition
| GABA action is destroyed by chronic use of what? |
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Term
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Definition
| excitatory neurotransmitters, implicated with kindling in bipolar disorder |
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Term
| kindling in bipolar disorder |
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Definition
ability to handle stress is decreased with kindling
electrical stimulation leading to nerve depolarization and seizure activity, mood swings |
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Term
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Definition
| each neurotransmitter has one that only it will fit, drugs and disease can change the sensitivity of them |
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Term
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Definition
| Explores interaction between CNS, endocrine & immune systems; impact of stress on these interactions; & impact of psychological & medication interventions |
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Term
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Definition
the study and measure of time structures or biologic rhythms
circadian rhythms
zeitgebers (time synchronizers like light or suprachiasmatic nuclei of the hypothalamus |
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Term
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Definition
| suffered from frontal lobe dysfunction after an iron rod propelled through his frontal lobe resulting in significant changes in his personality |
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Term
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Definition
| suffered from genetic disease called porphyria that effects the body's ability to make haem. Thought to be bipolar disease during his lifetime |
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Term
| Cognitive Behavioral Therapy |
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Definition
| used to alter distorted beleifs and problem behaviors by identifying and replacing negative and inaccurate thoughts and changing the rewards for behaviors |
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Term
| Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy |
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Definition
| changing irrational beliefs that cause distress using ABCDE |
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Term
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Definition
| focuses on solutions rather than problems- positive, future oriented change |
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Term
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Definition
| thought about oneself, the world, and the future |
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Term
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Definition
| develop in early childhood and are fixed by middle childhood- life rules that act as a sieve or filter |
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Term
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Definition
| lithium dose should be skipped if after being how late? |
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Term
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Definition
| what is the therapeutic level for lithium? |
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Term
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Definition
| with lithium use what should be monitored every 6 months? |
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Term
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Definition
| tremors, muscle twitches, metallic taste, GI and GU distress (N/V/D), fatigue, lethargy, weight gain |
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Term
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Definition
| used for bipolar for antimania, for slow cyclers (yearly or less)- inexpensive |
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Term
| every week until stable and then every month or 3-6 |
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Definition
| how often should lithium levels be taken? |
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Term
| overdose, fluid & electrolyte changes, diuretics, illness, renal dysfunction, NSAIDs, liver disease |
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Definition
| causes of lithium overdose? |
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Term
| flu-like, kidney damage, cardiac changes, decreased level of consciousness, seizures, coma, death. |
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Definition
| signs of lithium toxicity? |
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Term
| anticonvulsants(mood stabilizers) |
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Definition
| Reduce repetitive firing of action potentials in the nerves |
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Term
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Definition
| peak serum level for anticonvulsants? |
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Term
| potential drug interactions, birth control |
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Definition
| with anticonvulsant, what pt education is important? |
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Term
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Definition
| depakote(anticonvulsant) therapeutic range? |
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Term
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Definition
| broad spectrum of efficacy, expensive, long periods of mood stabilization |
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Term
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Definition
| tegretol therapeutic range? |
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Term
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Definition
| anticonvulsant, Effective in patients who experience no response to lithium or patients with secondary mania |
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Term
| AGRANULOCYTOSIS AND APLASTIC ANEMIA, dizziness, confusion, drowsiness, GI distress, blurred or double vision, photosensitivity, sunburns, hepatotoxicity |
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Definition
| what are the side effects of tegretol? |
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Term
| weekly for 3 months then monthly |
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Definition
| how often should WBCs be monitored with tegretol use? |
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Term
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Definition
| how long should you wait to take tegretol after MAOIs use? |
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Term
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Definition
| gradual discontinuation or risk for seizures with this anticonvulsant? |
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Term
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Definition
| Effective for rapid cycling and in the depressed phase of bipolar illness |
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Term
| benign skin rash, sedation, blurred or double vision, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, and other gastrointestinal symptoms |
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Definition
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Term
| rash within 2-8 weeks of treatment, more common in children and should be immediately discontinued |
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Definition
| severe, life-threatening side effect that can occur with lamictal |
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Term
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Definition
| used for severe depression when 4 or more treatments have not worked |
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Term
| transcranial magnetic stimulation |
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Definition
| current sent through magnetic coil and into brain, alternative to ECT in helping with symptoms |
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Term
| electroconvulsive therapy |
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Definition
•Treatment for severe depression; used for mania and schizophrenia when other treatments have failed
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Term
hypo- or hypertension,bradycardia or tachycardia, minor arrhythmias
•headache, nausea, and muscle pain immediately after
–Memory loss usually transient
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Definition
| side effects of electroconvulsive therapy |
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Term
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Definition
shows glucose hypometabolism in depression w/
rt side mania
lt side depression |
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Term
| Neurobiologic hypotheses of depression |
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Definition
| involves serotonin (most antidepressants), norepinephrine & dopamine |
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Term
| Neuroendocrine and neuropeptide hypotheses of depression |
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Definition
| hypothalmic adrenal pituitary dysfunction with possible control by neurotransmitters |
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Term
| Psychoneuroimmunology hypothesis of depression |
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Definition
•cytokines (protein messengers) signal the brain mediate immune responses- role unknown
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Term
| Seasonal Pattern Depression |
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Definition
| 2 episodes in 2 consecutive years treated with light therapy |
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Term
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Definition
within 4 weeks of giving birth
1 in 1000 will have psychotic features
depression can range from moderate to severe |
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Term
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Definition
less likely to have psychosis but more likely to have anxiety and somatic symptoms and behavioral changes
mood may be more irritable than sad |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Major Depressive Disorder |
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Definition
| depressed mood/loss of interest with 4 other symptoms for at least 2 weeks |
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Term
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Definition
depressed mood most day for 2 years with at least 2 other symptoms
(Only in depression you get interest deficit, psychomotor changes & suicidality)
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Term
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Definition
| The WHO predicts that what will be the number one public health problem in the 21st century? |
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Term
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Definition
| the number one cause of disability |
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Term
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Definition
| most commonly used in treatment of depression and OCD |
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Term
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Definition
| very low anticholinergic and sedative effects with this depression med |
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Term
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Definition
Pro Zolo Packed His Celebrated Lexus
Prozac, Zoloft, Paxil, Celexa, Lexapro |
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Term
nervousness, anxiety, HA, insomnia, drowsiness, fatigue, tremor, diaphoresis, dizziness, rash, hives, nausea, and diarrhea
usually lessen or stop in first few weeks of use |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| life threatening emergency caused by combining more than one SSRI, MAOI, St. John's Wort, or TCAs |
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Term
| mild symptoms of serotonin syndrome |
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Definition
| time limited, self resolving & includes sx of tremor, myoclonus, diaphoresis & restlessness |
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Term
| moderate symptoms of serotonin syndrome |
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Definition
| diminished consciousness including coma, elevated mood, shivering & rigidity |
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Term
| severe symptoms of serotonin syndrome (toxic state) |
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Definition
| coma, generalized tonic clonic seizures, high fever (can exceed 104 F) |
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Term
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Definition
| As effective as SSRIs, but have more serious side effects and a higher lethal potential |
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Term
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Definition
| Blocks reuptake of NE &/or 5HT by the axon (presynapse) correcting the deficit of NE & 5HT |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| anticholinergic effects, sedation, drowsiness, dizziness, weight gain, n/v/d,sexual dysfunction, orthostatic hypotension |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| antidepressant with high potential for overdose so only one week supplies at a time |
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Term
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Definition
| risk of hypertensive crisis if you don't follow tyramine diet with this antidepressant |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Over the counter cold and weight reduction medications, aged cheeses, red wine, sherry, draft beer, pepperoni, salami, pickled herring, sauerkraut |
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Definition
| what foods should be avoided with MAOIs? |
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Term
| chocolate, raisins, yogurt, avocado, aspartame, cottage and cream cheeses |
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Definition
| what foods should be used in moderation with MAOIs? |
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Term
| SARI- Serotonin antagonist reuptake inhibitors |
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Definition
selectively block reuptake of serotonin - fewer anticholinergic GU & neurologic effects than SSRIs
ex. trazodone |
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Term
| Serotonin-Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors (SNRIs) |
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Definition
| Low dose inhibits serotonin uptake, mod to high dose inhibits norepinephrine uptake, higher doses dopamine uptake is added |
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Term
| Effexor, Cymbalta,Serzone, Norpramin |
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Definition
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Term
| Norepinephrine-Dopamine Reuptake Inhibitor (NDRI) |
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Definition
| wellbutrin- smoking cessation |
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Term
| tetracyclic antidepressants |
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Definition
| Mirtazapine and Maprotoline Hydrochloride |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| bipolar disorders diagnosis |
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Definition
| manic episode with at least 3 symptoms, 4 if irritable for at least 1 week |
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Term
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Definition
Combinations of major depression and full manic episode
Mixed episodes: alternating between manic and depressive episodes |
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Term
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Definition
| Combination of major depression and hypomania (less severe form of mania) |
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Term
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Definition
| Criteria for both a manic episode and a major depressive episode are met and are present for at least 1 week |
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Term
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Definition
| Same as for a manic episode, except that the time criterion is at least 4 days, rather than 1 week. Definite change in function perceived by others but no psychosis, hospitalization, or impact on social, occupational functionin |
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Term
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Definition
| Presence for at least 2 years of numerous periods with hypomanic symptoms and numerous periods with depressive symptoms that do not meet full criteria for a major depressive episode |
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Term
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Definition
| hallmark of childhood and adolescent bipolar disorder? |
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Term
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Definition
| in children with bipolar disorder, which mood is present first? |
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Term
| irritability and emotional lability |
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Definition
| younger children with bipolar disorder expereince more? |
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Term
| more classic symptoms with euphoria and grandiosity |
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Definition
| what symptoms do older children with bipolar disorder experience? |
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Term
| poorer prognosis bc of co-morbidity, more confusion and disorientation, late on-set usually related to medical illness or substance abuse |
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Definition
| elderly with bipolar disorder? |
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Term
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Definition
| genetic risk of bipolar disorder? |
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Term
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Definition
| in bipolar depression, antidepressants are combined with what to prevent mani switch? |
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Term
| being in a treatment relationship |
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Definition
| the best predictor of positive outcomes for bipolar pts is? |
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Term
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Definition
| bipolar pts who are psychotic or do not tolerate mood stabilizers may be prescribed what? |
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Term
| best research, clinical expertise, and patient values |
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Definition
| evidenced based nursing includes? |
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Term
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Definition
| Erikson's basic trust vs mistrust |
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Term
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Definition
| Erikson's autonomy vs shame and doubt |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| identity vs role diffusion |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| generativity vs stagnation |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| instincts, disregard for others, pleasure |
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Term
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Definition
| use of reason and intellect to meet demands of Id |
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Term
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Definition
| conscience, moral, judging behavior |
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Term
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Definition
| the patients unconscious feelings towards others that originally were with important people in the persons life |
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Term
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Definition
| the nurses unconscious feelings toward a patient based on the nurses previous life experience. Can impair nurse patient relationship. |
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Term
| Karen Horney: feminine psychology |
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Definition
| rejected penis envy, Women are at a disadvantage because of authoritarian culture |
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Term
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Definition
| play therapy techniques, a child patterns self after another person |
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Term
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Definition
| influenced by Sullivan, self is anti-anxiety system, nurse-patient relationships |
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Term
| Carol Gilligan & Jean Baker Miller |
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Definition
| girls development is more related to attachment within relationships than boys |
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Term
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Definition
| Sunrise Model, transcultural nursing, directed toward holistic, congruent, and beneficent care |
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Term
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Definition
| accessing the unconscious and resolving the conflicts that originated inchildhood with a mature adult mind |
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