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Mental Health Test II
Bio
329
Nursing
Undergraduate 4
02/18/2011

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Cards

Term
Emits serotonin- depression & fibromyalgia
Definition
Brain stem
Term
This section of the brain controls executive function and is very impaired in schizophrenia
Definition
Frontal Lobe
Term
Pleasure center of the brain, involved in addiction
Definition
Limbic midbrain nuclei
Term
Nerve trunk connecting thalamus to basal ganglia, controls muscle tone reflexes. Antipsychotic meds affect this.
Definition
Extrapyramidal motor system.
Term
Ability of brain to change
Definition
Plasticity
Term
This happens to the brain in adolescence.
Definition
Synaptic pruning
Term
Stores NTs & release when excited
Definition
Presynapse (Axon)
Term
Space between presynapse & postsynapse
Definition
Synapse (Synaptic cleft or gap)
Term
Receives impulse when transmitted
Definition
Postsynapse (Dendrite)
Term
This NT is involved with cognition, motor, and neuroendocrine functions.
Definition
Dopamine
Term
Dopamine is overactive in what mental illness?
Definition
Schizophrenia & other psychosis
Term
What drugs involve dopamine release?
Definition
Amphetamines & cocaine
Term
This NT affects appetite, sleep mood, pain perception.
Definition
Serotonin (5HT)
Term
This NT is under-active in depression, bulimia & OCD.
Definition
Serotonin
Term
This NT is dysregulated in anxiety, violence, schizoaffective & personality disorders.
Definition
Serotonin
Term
This NT is involved in mood states, learning & memory. It is under-active in anxiety & depression. It is depleted in Alzheimer's & Korsakoff's
Definition
NE
Term
This NT is under-active in Alzheimer's
Definition
Ach
Term
This chemical synthesized from serotonin is implicated in SAD & sleep/wake cycle.
Definition
Melatonin
Term
Inhibitory NT, low levels r/t anxiety disorders, seizures. Action destroyed by ETOH.
Definition
GABA
Term
This drug class increases GABA function for antianxiety, anticonvulsant, sedative & muscle relaxant.
Definition
BDZs
Term
Excitatory NTs implicated in kindling phenomenon seen in Bipolar
Definition
Glutamate & Aspartate
Term
4 Interventions to regulate NTs
Definition
Meds
ECT
Cognitive therapy
Alt therapies (relaxation)
Term
This field explores interaction between CNS, endocrine & immune systems; impact of stress on these interactions & impact of psychological & medication intervention.
Definition
Psychoneuroimmunology
Term
What can decrease WBCs & lead to illness not related to disease?
Definition
Stress, death of a spouse, depression, marathon running
Term
Increased stress decreases what kind of WBCs that control viral infections & tumor surveillance?
Definition
NK cells
Term
Study & measure of time structures and biological rhythms eg circadian rhythms.
Definition
Chronobiology
Term
Time synchronizers like light or suprachiasmatic nuclei of the hypothalamus
Definition
Zeitgebers
Term
Custom drugs based on genetic profiles to avoid side effects.
Definition
Pharmacogenetics
Term
Research use mostly, inject substance to induce Sx like panic & monitor bio response
Definition
Challenge tests
Term
TRH stimulation test & dexamethasone suppression test, for example.
Definition
Endocrine stimulation tests
Term
Seizures may look more like psych disorder, use for hallucinations & dissociative states. Caffeine, BDZs, Lithium & illicit drugs interfere.
Definition
Electroencephalography (EEG)
Term
Sleep lab for sleep disorders.
Definition
Polysomnography
Term
In this disorder REM starts quicker & delta sleep is reduced.
Definition
Depression
Term
This measures brain response to stimulus.
Definition
Evoked Potentials (EPs)
Term
20 electrode EEG shows frontal lobe hypoactivity in schizophrenia
Definition
Brain electrical mapping (BEAM)
Term
Unconscious response of client. Client: Inappropriate intensity of feelings: hostility, anger, love, dependence.
Nurse: Confront distortions of reality gently, facilitate client awareness.
Definition
Transference
Term
Inappropriate intensity of nurse's feelings.
Definition
Countertransference
Term
Normal response to anxiety-provoking thoughts & feelings - afraid of self-exploration.
Definition
Resistance-Testing Behaviors
Term
The process of understanding one's own beliefs, thoughts, motivations, biases & limitations, and recognizing how they affect others.
Definition
Self-awareness
Term
The development of this requires a willingness to be introspective.
Definition
Self-awareness
Term
What four quadrants does Johari's Window contain?
Definition
Open (1), Blind(2), Hidden(3), Unknown(4)
Term
This quadrant is known to self & others
Definition
Open quadrant (1)
Term
This quadrant is known to others but not known by the self.
Definition
Blind quadrant (2)
Term
This quadrant is private life space & personal secrets
Definition
Hidden quadrant (3)
Term
This quadrant is the unconscious self & unknown to others.
Definition
Unknown quadrant (4)
Term
The goal of self awareness is to increase which quadrant?
Definition
Open quadrant (1)
Term
Increasing this increases confidence, produces growth and makes in easier to relate to others.
Definition
Self-concept
Term
This term means that a change has taken place so that quadrant 1 is larger.
Definition
Interpersonal learning
Term
Ongoing process of interaction in which meaning emerges.
Definition
Therapeutic communication
Term
Verbal communication accounts for __%, nonverbal accounts for __%
Definition
7; 93
Term
When does the orientation phase end?
Definition
When patient begins identifying problems.
Term
This phase of nurse-patient relationship contains problem ID & solving.
Definition
Working phase
Term
This person produced the Transactional Analysis Model.
Definition
Eric Berne
Term
e.g. Adult to Adult transaction
Definition
complementary transaction
Term
e.g. one party speaking as an adult & the other as a parent
Definition
crossed transaction
Term
e.g. Appears to be adult to adult but in reality client is asking for parenting from the nurse, but does not really want it so rejects all ideas suggested.
Definition
Ulterior transaction
Term
Interpersonal harmony characterized by understanding and respect.
Definition
Rapport
Term
Explicitly checking out one's own thoughts or feelings with another person.
Definition
Validation
Term
Ability to experience, in the present, the situation as another did at some time in the past.
Definition
Empathy
Term
The defining limits of persons, objects or relationships.
Definition
Boundaries
Term
Attitudes & behaviors taught (Berne)
Definition
Parent
Term
Logical, rational, realistic (Berne)
Definition
Adult
Term
Feelings from childhood (Berne)
Definition
Child
Term
What method of therapeutic communication can be used to track the patient's verbal interaction.
Definition
Clarifying statements
Term
6-18 inches
Definition
Intimate zone
Term
1.5-4 feet
Definition
Personal zone
Term
4-9 feet
Definition
Social zone
Term
>9 ft
Definition
Public zone
Term
Dress, furnishing, possessions type of cue.
Definition
Object cues
Term
Analysis of your interaction with a patient in order to learn.
Definition
Process recordings
Term
What are the three aspects of process recordings analysis?
Definition
Symbolism
Contact Themes
Communication blocks
Term
Do nurse's do cognitive behavioral therapy or techniques?
Definition
Techniques
Term
What is a method of therapy that has extensive evidence to support its efficacy?
Definition
Cognitive behavioral therapy
Term
Empirically based, goal oriented, practical, collaborative, open, homework, measurements, active and short term are used to describe what?
Definition
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
Term
This type of therapy is stimulus-response, useful for treating phobias, involuntary and invented by Pavlov.
Definition
Classical conditioning
Term
This type of therapy uses reinforcement, voluntary behavior is learned, and activity is strengthened or weakened by its consequences. (Skinner)
Definition
Operant conditioning
Term
Anything that increases desired behavior
Definition
Reinforcer
Term
Reinforcement follows every response
Definition
Continuous ratio
Term
Reinforcement follows a set number of responses
Definition
Fixed ratio
Term
Reinforcement follows a varying number of responses. Most effective in producing long term change.
Definition
Variable ratio
Term
Behavior rewarded at specific time intervals.
Definition
Fixed interval
Term
Aversive stimulus decreases future undesirable behavior (not a negative reinforcer).
Definition
Punishment
Term
Penalty for undesirable behavior.
Definition
Response cost
Term
Eliminate behavior by ignoring or not rewarding it.
Definition
Extinction
Term
Founder CBT
Definition
Aaron Beck
Term
People are disturbed not by an event, but by the _________ of that event. (CBT)
Definition
Perception
Term
The cognitive triad includes what?
Definition
Thoughts about self, world, future.
Term
Shoulds, oughts, must be a certain way.
Definition
Cognitive distortions
Term
Filter allowing only information compatible with one's own view of self & the world.
Definition
Schema
Term
People are born with the potential to be rational (self-constructive) and irrational (self-defeating) therapy style. (Albert Ellis)
Definition
Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT)
Term
Activating event
Belief system
Consequences of belief system
Dispute unreasonable expectations
Effective outlook developed
Definition
Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy
Term
Three types of cognitive behavioral strategies.
Definition
Anxiety Reduction
Cognitive restructuring
Learning new behavior
Term
Exposure to imagined stimulus
Definition
In vitro
Term
Exposure to real stimulus many times
Definition
In vivo
Term
Immediate exposure to anxiety provoking stimulus.
Definition
Flooding
Term
In vitro & in vivo are part of what anxiety reduction strategy?
Definition
Systematic desensitization
Term
Monitoring brain waves & vital signs while practicing relaxation
Definition
Biofeedback
Term
This is the anxiety reduction strategy that works for kids afraid of going to school.
Definition
Flooding
Term
A technique that utilizes daily record of dysfunctional thoughts form.
Definition
Cognitive Restructuring
Term
Monitoring thoughts & feelings
Questioning the evidence
Examining alternatives
Decatastrophizing - "what if" technique
Reframing
Definition
Cognitive Restructuring
Term
Learn to stop negative or maladaptive thinking
Definition
Thought stopping
Term
Technique that associates ceasing a negative thought with a visual image, sensation or circumstance.
Definition
Thought stopping
Term
Vicarious learning, imitation
Definition
Modeling
Term
Token economy; prompting, fading, time out, revoking privileges
Definition
Shaping
Term
Using token or points to reward target behaviors, lose tokens for inappropriate behavior
Definition
Token economy
Term
Assertiveness, communication skills, problem-solving
Definition
Social skills training
Term
Rehearse new responses
Definition
Role-playing
Term
Verbal or written agreement outlining expected behaviors and consequences of undesirable behaviors.
Definition
Contingency Contracting
Term
Apply noxious stimulus to unwanted behavior, ex. snapping a rubber band on your wrist to delete intrusive thoughts.
Definition
Aversion therapy
Term
Visualize that you can do better - self efficacy theory (Bandura)
Definition
Positive imagery
Term
self-help (eg bibliotherapy)
Definition
Psycho-educational resources
Term
A cognitive behavioral therapy designed for a specific patient population - borderline personality disorder.
Definition
Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT)
Term
Accepting maladaptive behavior patterns (cognitively) while working to change them (behaviorally) by teaching patient specific skills.
Definition
Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT)
Term
Therapy that focuses on solutions rather than problems, assists the client in exploring life w/o the problem, asserts that what the patient expects to happen influences what the patient does. (deShazer & Insoo Kim Berg)
Definition
Solution-Focused Brief Therapy (SFBT)
Term
This is a technique that must be used carefully but can be very helpful.
Definition
Humor
Term
5 techniques (question types) utilized in SFBT.
Definition
Miracle
Exception
Scaling
Relationship
Compliments
Term
SFBT asks questions to enable the development of _______ goals.
Definition
Realistic
Term
What kind of goals does SFBT focus on?
Definition
Specific, concrete & achievable goals.
Term
Rate problem on scale of 1 to 10.
Definition
Scaling question
Term
What would your SO say to you about this?
Definition
Relationship questions
Term
What was life like when you did not have this problem?
Definition
Exception question
Term
#1 cause of disability worldwide
Definition
Depression
Term
WHO predicts that what will be the #1 public health problem in 21st century.
Definition
Mood disorders
Term
Recurrent disturbances or alterations in mood that cause psychological distress & behavioral impairment.
Definition
Mood disorders
Term
Depressed mood/loss of interest or pleasure in nearly all activities for at least 2 wks & 4 additional symptoms
Definition
Major Depressive Disorder
Term
Depressed mood for most days for at least 2 years.
Definition
Dysthymic disorder
Term
This population has slow treatment response, chronic illnesses and the highest suicide rates of any age group.
Definition
Elderly people
Term
Regular temporal seasonal relationship between onset of an episode of depression or bipolar.
Definition
Seasonal Affectiveness Disorder
Term
Dx criteria SAD
Definition
At least 2 episodes in 2 consecutive years
Term
Tx Sad
Definition
Phototherapy
Term
What does phototherapy do?
Definition
Resets circadian rhythms (30 min to 2 hrs in AM)
Term
Depressive episode within 4 wks of giving birth
Definition
Postpartum depression
Term
1/1000 postpartum depression have what?
Definition
Psychotic features
Term
About __% of Americans will experience a mood disorder (___% for relatives c depression)
Definition
7; 20
Term
Which gender after puberty has more mood disorder?
Definition
Women (2x)
Term
Which race has higher % depression?
Definition
Race is not a factor
Term
Cytokines signal the brain & mediate immune response
Definition
Psychoneuroimmunology
Term
Hypothalamic adrenal pituitary dysfunction with possible control by NTs
Definition
Neuroendocrine & neuropeptide hypotheses
Term
PET scans show glucose hypometabolism in the frontal lobe. R Hemisphere for ______; L for _______.
Definition
Mania; depression
Term
Tx for severe depression; used for mania & schizophrenia when other tx have failed.
Definition
ECT
Term
How often is ECT given?
Definition
2-3x/wk
Term
HoTN, HTN, bradycardia, tachycardia and minor arrhythmias are associated with what therapy?
Definition
ECT
Term
Headache, nausea, muscle pain and transient memory loss are side FX of what?
Definition
ECT
Term
Alternative to ECT in managing Sx of depression, current sent through magnetic coil & enters brain.
Definition
Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)
Term
Why is ECT such a big deal?
Definition
General anesthesia
Term
FDA approved Tx for seizures where implan small generator in pts chest electrode threaded SQ on L side of neck & wrapped around vagus nerve
Definition
Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS)
Term
This is an adjunctive Tx of severe depression for adults who are unresponsive to four or more adequate antidepressant Txs.
Definition
VNS
Term
This drug class was initially intended to Tx psychotic disorders.
Definition
Antidepressants
Term
How soon can ppl improve from antidepressants?
Definition
7 d
Term
Antidepressants are associated with an increased risk of suicide in what populations?
Definition
Children & adolescents
Term
Prototype SSRI that blocks reuptake of 5HT at axon.
Definition
fluoxetine (Prozac) 20 mg Qday
Term
2 major uses for Prozac
Definition
Depression, OCD
Term
All SSRIs have very low _________ and ________ effects.
Definition
Anticholinergic; sedative
Term
SSRIs
Definition
fluoxetine (Prozac)
sertraline (Zoloft)
paroxetine (Paxil)
citalopram (Celexa)
escitalopram (Lexapro)
Term
Life-threatening emergency usually caused by combining SSRIs, MAOis, St. John's Wort, TCAs, cocaine, ecstasy
Definition
Serotonin Syndrome
Term
Time limited, self resolving & includes Sx of tremor, myoclonus, diaphoresis & restlessness.
Definition
Mild Sx of Serotonin Syndrome
Term
Coma, generalized tonic clonic seizures, high fever (>104 F)
Definition
Toxic state serotonin syndrome
Term
Tx SS
Definition
IVF
Seizure precautions
Cooling blanket
Dantrolene
BDZs
Term
Prevention SS
Definition
2-4 wks between MAOIS & SSRIs
Decrease drug, will usually resolve 24-72 hrs
Term
BDZ for myoclonus in SS
Definition
clonazepam
Term
BDZ for restlessness/agitation in SS.
Definition
lorazepam
Term
Which depression medication has higher lethal potential and more serious side FX.
Definition
TCAs
Term
Prototype TCA
Definition
amitriptyline (Elavil)
imipramine (Tofranil)
Term
Low sedation/anticholinergic TCAs
Definition
amoxapine
nortriptyline
desipramine
Term
Medium sedation/anticholinergic TCAs
Definition
imipramine
doxepin
maprotiline
Term
High sedation/anticholinergic TCAs
Definition
amitryptiline
clomipramine
Term
Impotence, Anticholinergic effects and ortho HoTN common side effects of what antidepressant?
Definition
TCA
Term
What amts are TCAs usually prescribed in?
Definition
Weekly amounts
Term
How much TCA does it take to OD/lethal?
Definition
One week supply
Term
MAOis prototypes
Definition
phenelzine (Nardil)
Tranylcypromine (Parnate)
Term
Why aren't MAOIs usually prescribed?
Definition
HTN crisis too dangerous (Tyramine)
Term
OTC cold & weight reduction meds, aged cheeses, red wine, sherry, beer, pepperoni, salami, sauerkraut should be avoided in ppl taking MAOIs because they include what?
Definition
Tyramine
Term
Serotonin antagonist reuptake inhibitors
Definition
trazadone (Desyrel)
Term
SNRIs
Definition
venlafaxine (Effexor)
duloxetine (Cymbalta)
nefazodone (Serzone)
disipramine (Norpramin)
Term
The dosage of this class of antidepressants determines how many types of NTs in reuptakes.
Definition
SNRIs
Term
NDRI prescribed for smoking cessation up to 12 wks.
Definition
buproprion (Wellbutrin, Zyban)
Term
Tetracyclic antidepressants
Definition
Mirtazapine (Remeron)
Maprotiline HCl
Term
This class of antidepressants can cause psychosis
Definition
NDRIs
Term
Antimania Rx
Definition
Lithium, Lithium Carbonate
Term
Anticonvulsant
Definition
valproic acid (Depakote)
Term
This drug has been used since 1970s, is effective in about 40% of patients. It may take 2 wks or longer to onset.
Definition
Lithium
Term
This medication is used primarily for "slow-cyclers" (yearly or less often)
Definition
Lithium
Term
This drug has side FX of tremors, muscle twitches metallic taste, Gi/GU distress n/v/d, fatigue, lethargy and wt gain
Definition
Lithium
Term
What needs to be monitored every 6 months for ppl taking Lithium?
Definition
TSH & renal status (kidney damage and can lead to hypothyroidism)
Term
What frequency of blood levels do you do with Lithium initially?
Definition
Weekly
Term
Therapeutic level Lithium
Definition
0.5-1.5, ideal 0.8-1.0 mEq
Term
A pt. with Lithium forgot to take his pill this morning, what should he do?
Definition
Skip it if >2 hrs late
Term
Peak serum Lithium levels occur when?
Definition
1-4 hrs
Term
FDA approved anticonvulsants
Definition
carbamazepine (Tegretol)
valproic acid (Depakote)
lamotrigine (Lamictal)
Term
Therapeutic level valproic acid
Definition
50-125 mcg, 80 ideal
Term
Why is valproic acid the gold standard?
Definition
Fewest side effect, but it is most expensive
Term
Effective in pts who experience no response to lithium or patients with secondary mania.
Definition
carbamazepine (Tegretol) More side FX
Term
With this thymoleptic WBCs must be monitored
Definition
carbamazepine
Term
LTD
Definition
Lithium 0.8
Tegretol 8
Depakote 80
Term
Effective for rapid cycling and in the depressed phase of bipolar
Definition
lamotrigine (Lamictal)
Term
Life threatening rashes can occur within 2-8 wks of treatment with this medication (highest risk in children)
Definition
lamotrigine
Term
What drug class can make bipolar patients go into a manic state?
Definition
Anti-depressants
Term
What kind of questions should you ask someone in a manic state?
Definition
Closed-ended
Term
Rhyming, irritability, hyperactivity, grandoise delusions, flight of ideas are associated with what condition?
Definition
Mania
Term
What physiological disease can resemble mania?
Definition
Hyperthyroidism
Term
An abnormally and persistently elevated, expansive or irritable mood for a duration of at least 1 wk.
Definition
Manic episode
Term
Combinations of major depression & full mania
Definition
Bipolar I
Term
Alternating between manic and depressive episodes (fast cyclers)
Definition
Mixed episodes
Term
Combination of major depression and hypomania.
Definition
Bipolar II
Term
Manic episode at least 4 days. Change in function but no psychosis, hospitalization
Definition
Hypomanic episode
Term
Presence for at least 2 yrs of numerous periods c hypomanic sx & numerous periods with depressive sx that do not meet full criteria for major depressive episode.
Definition
Cyclothymic disorder
Term
In children and adolescents with bipolar disorder, what state appears first usually?
Definition
Depression
Term
This population with bipolar demonstrates more confusion and disorientation; more likely related to secondary mania (medical illness/tx or substance abuse).
Definition
Elderly
Term
When do Sx bipolar show up?
Definition
<25 yrs
Term
Gender with more depression & rapid cycling in bipolar.
Definition
Females
Term
Gender with more manic episodes
Definition
Males
Term
Stress, like shock is hypothesized to lower the threshold for behavioral sensitization. Repeated daily sub-threshold electrical stimulation (seizure like activity) Manic episode can be triggered w/o any apparent stressors theory.
Definition
Kindling
Term
In bipolar depression antidepressants are combined with a _____ _______ to "protect" against a manic switch.
Definition
Mood stabilizer
Term
What is the best predictor for positive outcomes in bipolar disorder?
Definition
Being in a treatment relationship
Term
This drug class is used in bipolar patients temporarily in patients who experience psychosis or who cannot take mood stabilizers.
Definition
Antipsychotics
Term
Theories that explain mental & emotional forces & their effects on developmental, behavior & mental states.
Definition
Psychodynamic
Term
Aware of & able to control
Definition
Conscious
Term
Not in immediate awareness but can be recalled to consciousness
Definition
Preconscious
Term
Uncensored thoughts
Definition
Free association
Term
Interpretation of symbolism
Definition
Dream analysis
Term
Not available to conscious mind
Definition
Unconscious
Term
Sources of instinctual (inherited) drives. Operates on pleasure principle, disregard for others.
Definition
Id (libido)
Term
Use of reason & intellect to meed Id demands. Operates on reality principle, weights actions & consequences.
Definition
Ego
Term
Concerned c right & wrong, moral values; evaluates & judges behavior
Definition
Superego (conscience)
Term
Defined defense mechanisms to protect a person from unwanted anxiety (denial, rationalization)
Definition
Neurosis
Term
Patient develops feelings for therapist; therapist develops feelings for patient
Definition
Transference; countertransference
Term
Inferiority is the src of all human strivings, goal is to strive for superiority. Mutual respect, choice, responsibility, consequences & belonging.
Definition
Individual psychology (Alfred Adler)
Term
Extroverted vs. introverted personalities
Definition
Analytical psychology (Jung)
Term
Rejected traditional psychoanalytic belief that women felt disadvantaged b/c of genital organs.
Definition
Feminine psychology (Karen Horney)
Term
Birth trauma causes neurosis
Definition
Otto Rank
Term
Play therapy techniques, a child patterns self after another person.
Definition
Melanie Klein
Term
Client-centered therapy (reaction against instinctual drives & passivity of psychoanalysis). Human potential for goodness, experience the world positively. Therapist empathy, unconditional positive regard, genuineness.
Definition
Carl Rogers (Humanistic)
Term
Used techniques to enhance awareness of emotions, physical state & repressed needs
Definition
Gestalt therapy (Frederick S. Perls)
Term
Hierarchy of needs
Definition
Maslow
Term
Psychosocial development theory
Definition
Erik Erikson (table 6.4, p 64)
Term
Intellectual development & learning in children theory
Definition
Jean Piaget
Term
Girls development is more related to attachment within relationships than boys
Definition
Gilligan & Miller
Term
Patterned interpersonal & social interactions
Definition
Family dynamics
Term
Individuals with this type of strong support system live longer than those w/o that type of support.
Definition
Strong informal
Term
Degree to which values of formal organization & primary group members differ
Definition
Social distance
Term
Describe an individual's social position & function within an environment. Societal expectations, social status, rights.
Definition
Role theories
Term
Practical model for conceptualizing delivery of mental health care in community, particularly in rural areas where resources are limited.
Definition
Balance theory
Term
Approaches are based on patient's assumption of a role within the psychiatric environment.
Definition
Milieu therapy
Term
Anthropologist that studied influences determining male & female behavior.
Definition
Margaret Mead
Term
Transcultural health care, caring culturally based.
Definition
Madeleine Leininger
Term
Nurse-pt. relationship. Validating the patients distress before taking action to relieve it or discuss their situation.
Definition
Ida Jean Orlando (interpersonal relations)
Term
The power of empathy. Abnormal behavior is best understood by analyzing our relationships with others.
Definition
Hildegarde Peplau
Term
Program to treat antisocial personality disorder - deals with cognitive distortions.
Definition
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)
Term
Adventure based counseling is especially effective for which age group?
Definition
Child/adolescent
Term
Low functioning schizophrenic program at FSH
Definition
Social learning
Term
Components of Therapeutic Milieu in Social Learning
Definition
Containment
Support
Structure
Involvement
Validation
Term
1/3 of visits to the doctor are related to ___________ distress and another third are related to ___________ behaviors.
Definition
psychological; unhealthy
Term
Counseling, crisis intervention, discharge planning etc. domain of practice.
Definition
Direct care
Term
Case conferences, treatment planning, staff & team meetings, report domain of practice.
Definition
Communication
Term
Committees, delegation, program planning & eval, mentorship etc domain of practice.
Definition
Management
Term
________ with the patient is an important step in each of the standards of care.
Definition
Validation
Term
5 disciplines that must be involved in mental health Tx.
Definition
RN
Marriage & family therapy
Social work
Psychology
Psychiatry
Term
Strongest research
Definition
Meta-analysis of RCTs
Term
Categories of Outcome Indicators in EBP (4)
Definition
Clinical
Functional
Pt & Family satisfaction
Financial
Term
King George III was misdiagnosed with bipolar illness but actually had _______, an autosomal dominant genetic disease.
Definition
Porphyria
Term
A syndrome experienced by Phineas Gage involving labile mood, impulsive/inappropriate behavior and spontaneity.
Definition
Frontal Lobe Syndrome
Term
Drawing conclusions about a wide variety of things on the basis of a single event.

eg A patient who did not complete his homework correctly the first time says “I will never be able to do this, I might as well give up ever leaving the hospital.”
Definition
Overgeneralization
Term
Related external events to oneself even if it is not justified.

eg “Jody said that our group will not be able to have the pizza party because the weather is too bad for delivery. I know the real reason is because I did not go to group today.”
Definition
Personalization
Term
Thinking in extremes that things are either all good or all bad.

eg “If I flunk this test I might as well be dead”
Definition
Dichotomous thinking
Term
Focusing on details but not on other relevant information.

eg A wife believes her husband does not love her because he works late but she ignores his affection, the gifts he brings her and the special vacation they are planning together.
Definition
Selective Abstraction
Term
Drawing a negative conclusion w/o supporting evidence.

eg A young woman concludes that “my friend no longer likes me” because she did not receive a birthday card
Definition
Arbitrary Inference
Term
Believing that one knows the thoughts of another w/o validation

eg They probably think I am fat and lazy.
Definition
Mind Reading
Term
Exaggerating (catastrophizing) or trivializing the importance of events.

eg. “I left the lights on in the house which goes to show how incompetent I am.”
It does not mean anything that I won the award for the best nurse in my unit anyway.
Definition
Magnification/Minimization
Term
Need to do everything perfectly in order to feel good about oneself.
Definition
Perfectionism
Term
Determining ones' value based on approval of others.
Definition
Externalization of self worth
Term
eg. He makes me so upset
Definition
Giving up control of your feelings
Term
Allowing beliefs that things should or ought to be a certain way to cause undue unhappiness.

eg I should not have lost so much money on the stock market so I may as well die.
Definition
Strict shoulds, oughts
Term
Excessive daydreaming as a substitute for human relationships, more effective action or problem solving
Definition
Autistic fantasy
Term
Attributing exaggerated negative qualities to self or others.
Definition
Devaluation
Term
Transferring a feeling about or a response to one object onto another substitute object.
Definition
Displacement
Term
Complaining or making repetitious requests for help and then rejecting the suggestions, advice or help offered.
Definition
Help-rejecting complaining
Term
Excessive use of abstract thinking or the making of generalizations to control or minimize disturbing feelings.
Definition
Intellectualization
Term
Separation of ideas from the feelings originally associated with them
Definition
Isolation of affect
Term
Falsely attributing to another one's own unacceptable feelings, impulses or thoughts.
Definition
Projection
Term
Channeling potentially maladaptive feelings or impulses into socially acceptable behavior.
Definition
Sublimation
Term
Words or behavior designed to negate or make amends symbolically for unacceptable thoughts, feeings or actions.
Definition
Undoing
Term
Compartmentalizing opposite affect states and failing to integrate the positive and negative qualities of the self or others into cohesive images.
Definition
Splitting
Term
Expelling disturbing wishes, thoughts or experiences from conscious awareness
Definition
Repression
Term
Substituting behavior, thoughts or experiences that are diametrically opposed to one's own unacceptable thoughts or feelings (usually in conjunction w/repression)
Definition
Reaction formation
Term
Concealing the true motivations for one's own thoughts, actions or feelings through the elaboration of reassuring or self-serving but incorrect explanations.
Definition
Rationalization
Term
Falsely attributing to another one's own unacceptable feelings, impulses or thoughts. Individual remains aware of his or her own affect but misattributes them as justifiable reactions to the other person.
Definition
Projective identification
Term
Turning to others for help or support
Definition
Affiliation
Term
Dedicating life to meet the needs of others
Definition
altruism
Term
Mimicking or imitating the movements of another person
Definition
Echopraxia
Term
Difficulty performing a purposeful task
Definition
Apraxia
Term
Impairment in understanding or transmission of ideas by language.
Definition
Aphasia
Term
Pattern of speech that is indirect and delayed in reaching its goal because of excessive or irrelevant detail or parenthetical remarks. The speaker eventually gets around to the point, and clauses remain logically connected, but to the listener it seems that the end will never be reached.
Definition
Circumstantiality
Term
A sudden obstruction or interruption in spontaneous flow of thinking or speaking, perceived as an absence or deprivation of thought.
Definition
Blocking
Term
It interferes with a person's ability to understand what he or she sees, hears, and touches. For this reason, a person has very difficult problems knowing how to behave properly and how to interact with other people. The person has to be taught behaviors that develop normally in most people. For example, they may have problems communicating with other people, or they may repeat certain behaviors over and over again.
Definition
Autistic thinking
Term
A confused person's tendency to make up a response to a question when he or she cannot remember the answer
Definition
Confabulation
Term
An association disturbance in which a person's thought and speech stray from the original discussion, never return to the central point, and never answer the original question.
Definition
Tangential
Term
Involuntary excessive continuation or repetition of a single response, idea, or activity; may apply to speech or movement but most often verbal.
Definition
Perseveration
Term
A nearly continuous flow of accelerated speech with abrupt changes from topic to topic that are usually based on understandable associations, distracting stimuli, or plays on words. When severe, speech may be disorganized and incoherent.
Definition
Flight of Ideas
Term
A disturbance of thinking (shown in speech) in which ideas shift from one subject to another. These subjects are unrelated or minimally related. Statements that lack a meaningful relationship may be juxtaposed, or speech may shift suddenly from one frame of reference to another. The speaker gives no indication of being aware of the disconnectedness, contradictions, or illogicality of speech.
Definition
Loose Associations
Term
a new word or condensed combination of several words coined by a person to express a highly complex idea not readily understood by others; seen in schizophrenia and organic mental disorders.
Definition
Neologisms
Term
: A misperception or misinterpretation of a real external stimulus, such as hearing the rustling of leaves as the sound of voices
Definition
Ilusions
Term
Techniques that inhibit communication (5)
Definition
Advice
Agreement
Challenges
Reassurance
Disapproval
Term
Genius inventor that suffered from depression after being hit in the face with a bat. (srsly)
Definition
Wilbur Wright
Term
These side effect of antidepressants can be treated c bethanechol, pilocarpine drops, sugarless gum or lozenges, H20 and toothpaste.
Definition
Dry mouth, caries, inflammation
Term
With these side effects of antidepressants one can either change medicaition or take meds with bland foods/daily exercise.
Definition
Nausea, vomiting, wt gain
Term
Tx flushing/sweating side effect of anti-depressants
Definition
Terazosin; frequent bathing
Term
Tx tremor from antidepressants
Definition
B-blockers; lower med dose
Term
Tx urinary hesitation side effect of antidepressants
Definition
bethanechol
Term
British Novelist thought to have had bipolar disorder. Committed suicide at age 59.
Definition
Virginia Woolf
Term
Edema of feet or hands; fine hand tremor; mild diarrhea, muscle weakness, fatigue or memory/concentration difficulties, metallic taste, nausea, polydipsia/polyuria are possible side effects of what?
Definition
Lithium
Term
Trust v Mistrust
Autonomy v shame
initiative v guilt
industry v inferiority
identity vs role diffusion
intimacy v isolation
generativity v stagnation
ego integrity v dispair are _________'s eight stages.
Definition
Erikson's
Term
Rejected traditional psychoanalytic belief that women felt disadvantaged because of their genital organs
Women are at a disadvantage because of authoritarian culture
Definition
Karen Horney; feminine psychology
Term
interpersonal relations
Great influence on psychiatric nursing (Peplau)
Instincts & drives less important
Definition
Harry Stack Sullivan
Term
This person started play therapy technique because children pattern self after another person
Definition
Melanie Klein
Term
Who developed the idea that girls development is more related to attachment within relationships than boys?
Definition
Carol Gilligan & Jean Baker Miller
Term
Who believed in transcultural health care, caring culturally based/sunrise modelS?
Definition
Madeleine Leininger
Term
Who believed in the power of empathy?
Emphasizes social or interpersonal experiences
Abnormal behavior is best understood by analyzing our relationships with others
Definition
Hildegarde Peplau
Term
Stress
Definition
Internal Tension
Term
When others place pressure on an individual.
Definition
External tension
Term
Not an actual conflict, but results from the perception that conflict exists.
Definition
Pseudo conflict
Term
Individuals disagree about info that can be verified.
Definition
Fact conflicts
Term
Dispute that centers on status or power
Definition
Ego conflict
Term
Conflict about personal belief.
Definition
Value conflict
Term
Needs of one individual conflict w/ needs of another
Definition
Need conflicts
Term
May lack time, energy, confidence or skills
May be afraid things will get worse
Agrees to disagree but doesn’t get to root of the problem

conflict mgmt
Definition
The avoider
Term
“Gives in” to make peace
Don’t want to make waves
Can cause resentment and is the classic sign of the passive-aggressive individual

conflict mgmt
Definition
The accomodator
Term
Being right may provide a sense of accomplishment
May use emotional appeals, persistence, or be “pushy”

conflict mgmt
Definition
The forcer
Term
If you understand people’s needs, you will be able to find a way to meet all party’s needs
Now whose needs will be met but how they will be met.
Requires trust and openness

conflict mgmt
Definition
The compromiser
Term
Use words that frame _______ not people or feelings.
Definition
Behaviors
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