Term
| the totality of emotional and behavioral characteristics that are particular to a specific person and that remain somewhat stable and predictable over time |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| enduring patterns of perceiving, relating to, and thinking about the environment and oneself that are exhibited in a wide range of social and personal contexts |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When do personality disorders occur |
|
Definition
| they occur when personality traits become inflexible and maladaptive and cause either significant functional impairment or subjective distress |
|
|
Term
| What axis are personality disorders coded on? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The behavior of boderline personality disorder is unstable and hospitilization is usually due to ___________ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| why might a person with antisocial personality disorder enter the psychiatric arena |
|
Definition
| as result of judicially ordered evaluation. and Psychiatric intervention may be an alternative to prison. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A term that psychiatrists embraced in the 19th century to define personality disorder. |
|
|
Term
| What is the classification for the Cluster A personality disorders |
|
Definition
| Behaviors described as odd or eccentric |
|
|
Term
| What is the classification for Cluster B personality disorders |
|
Definition
| Behaviors described as dramatic, emotional, or erratic |
|
|
Term
| What is the classification of class C personality disorders |
|
Definition
| Behaviors described as anxious or fearful |
|
|
Term
| What are the disorders classified under Cluster A |
|
Definition
paranoid personality disorder
schizoid personality disorder
schizotypal personality disorder |
|
|
Term
| what personality disorders are classified under cluster B |
|
Definition
Antisocial personality disorder
Borderline personality disorder
Histrionic personality disorder
Narcissistic personality disorder |
|
|
Term
| What personality disorders are under Cluster C |
|
Definition
Avoidant personality disorder
Dependent Personality disorder
Obsessive compulsive personality disorder |
|
|
Term
| This personality disorder is defined as a pervasive distrust and suspiciousness of others that their motives are interpreted as malevolent, beginning by early adulthood and present in a variety of contexts |
|
Definition
| Paranoid personality disorder |
|
|
Term
| What is the occurrence of paranoid personality disorder in comparison for men and women |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| this type of individual is on guard, hypervigilant, ready for real or imagined threat, appears tense and irritable, they developed a hard exterior, and become insensitive to the feelings of others, they avoid interaction with people where they may have to relinquish power, always feel that others are there to take advantage of them |
|
Definition
| Paranoid personality disorder |
|
|
Term
| they are extremely oversensitive and tend to misinterpret even minute cues within the environment, magnifying and distorting them into thoughts of trickery and deception. Constantly testing others. Their intimidating manner provokes exasperation and anger in almost everyone with whom they come in contact |
|
Definition
| paranoid personality disorder |
|
|
Term
| How do people with paranoid personality disorder maintain their self esteem? |
|
Definition
| By attributing their short commings to others. They do not accept responsibility for their own behaviors and feelings and project this responsibility on to others. |
|
|
Term
| How do people with paranoid personality disorder feel toward people who are successful? |
|
Definition
| they are envious and hostile. and believe that the only reason that they are not as successful is that they have been treated unfairly. |
|
|
Term
| What happens when paranoid personality disorders are presented with a real or imagined threat |
|
Definition
| it can release hostility and anger and is fueled by animosities from the past. The desire for reprisal and vindication is so intense that a possible loss of control can result in aggresion and violence. |
|
|
Term
| Describe an outburst of someone who has paranoid personality disorder |
|
Definition
| It is usually brief, the paranoid person soon regains external control, they rationalize the behavior, and reconstructs the defenses central to his or her personality pattern. |
|
|
Term
| what is the link with heredity and paranoid personality disorder |
|
Definition
| It is higher among relatives of clients with schizophrenia |
|
|
Term
| What is the Etiological Implication for paranoid personality disorder |
|
Definition
subjected to parental antagonism and harrassment
served as scapegoat for parental aggression
learned to percieve world as harsh and unkind
Entered world with chip on shoulder and learned to attack first |
|
|
Term
| this personality disorder is characterized by a profound defect in the ability to form personal relationships or to respond to others in any meaningful, emotional way. |
|
Definition
| Schizoid Personality Disorder |
|
|
Term
| what is the lifelong pattern of someone with schizoid personality disorder |
|
Definition
| social withdrawal, and their discomfort with human interaction is apparent. |
|
|
Term
| Describe someone with schizoid personality disorder |
|
Definition
| appears cold, aloof, and indifferent to others. they prefer to work in isolation and are unsociable, with little need or desire for emotional ties.they are able to invest enormous affective energy in intellectual pursuits |
|
|
Term
| How do schizoid personality disorders appear in the presence of others |
|
Definition
shy, anxious, or uneasy
inappropriately serious about everything and have difficulty acting in a lightheaded manner. Behavior and conversation exhibit little or no spontaneity. typically unable to experience pleasure and affect is bland and constricted |
|
|
Term
Etiological implications for schizoid personality disorder
childhood? |
|
Definition
early interactional patterns that the person found to be cold and unsatisfying.
Childhoods characterized as bleak, cold, and notably lacking empathy and nurturing.May become schizoid adult if carrying gene for introverted and shy |
|
|
Term
| This type of personality disorder was once described as being "latent schizophrenics" |
|
Definition
| Schizotypal Personality disorder |
|
|
Term
| How is a schizotypal personality disorder different from schizophrenia |
|
Definition
| Their behavior is odd and eccentric but does not decompensate to the level of schizophrenia |
|
|
Term
| this personality disorder shows characteristics of being aloof and isolated. They behave in a bland and apathetic manner. Magical thinking, depersonlization, superstitiousness, belief in clairvoyance, telepathy, or "sixth sense". belief that others can feel my feelings |
|
Definition
| schizotypal personality disorder |
|
|
Term
| what is the speech pattern like for someone who is schizotypal personality disorder |
|
Definition
| sometimes bizarre, people with this disorder often can not orient their thoughts logically and become lost in personal irrelevancies adn in tangential asides that seem vague, digressive, adn not pertinent to the topic at hand. |
|
|
Term
| What happens with someone who is schizotypal when they have stress |
|
Definition
| they may decompensate and demonstrate psychotic symptoms, such as delusional thoughts, hallucinations, or bizarre behaviors, but they are usually brief duration |
|
|
Term
| When is schizotypal personality disorder more common |
|
Definition
| among the first degree biological relatives of people with schizophrenia. |
|
|
Term
| What were the early family dynamics of someone with schizotypal personality disorder |
|
Definition
| may have been characterized as indifference, impassivity, or formality, leading to a pattern of discomfort with personal affection and closeness. Early on affective deficits made them unattractive and unrewarding social companions. they were likely shunned, overlooked, rejected, and humiliated by others, resulting in feelings of low self esteem and marked distrust for others |
|
|
Term
| this type of personality disorder shows a pattern of socially irresponsible, exploitative, an guiltless behavior that reflects a disregard for the rights of others. they exploit and manipulate others for personal gain and have a general disregard for the law. Cant hold a job or keep a relationship |
|
Definition
| Antisocial Personality Disorder |
|
|
Term
| this type of personality disorder is characterized by a pattern of intense and chaotic relationships, with affective instability and fluctuating attitudes toward other people.they are impulsive. Are directly and indirectly self destructive, and lack a clear sense of identity. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the most common form of personality disorder |
|
Definition
| Borderline Personality Disorder |
|
|
Term
| This type of personality disorder is self-dramatizing, attention seeking, overly gregarious, and seductive. They use manipulative and exhibitionist behaviors in their demands to be the center of attention. |
|
Definition
| Histrionic Personality Disorder |
|
|
Term
| People with this type of personality disorder often demonstrate, in mild form, what society admires; well liked, succesful, popular, extroverted, attractive, sociable |
|
Definition
| Histrionic Personality Disorder |
|
|
Term
| What is going on underneath the accepted facade of Histrionic Personality Disorder |
|
Definition
| driven quality, all consuming need for approval and a desperate striving to be conspicuous and to evoke affection or attract attention at all costs. Failure to evoke the attention they seek often results in feelings of dejection and anxiety |
|
|
Term
| How does people with Histrionic Personality Disorder appear |
|
Definition
| distractible and flighty by nature. Difficulty paying attention to detail. They portray themselves as carefree and sophisticated on one hand and as inhibited and naive on the other. they tend to be highly suggestible, impressionable, and easily influenced by others. They are strongly dependent. |
|
|
Term
| What are relationships like for someone who has Histrionic personality disorder |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the etiological implications for Histrionic Personality Disorder |
|
Definition
trait of impulsivity may be associated with decreased serotonergic activity
Heredity may play factor
child may have learned that positive reinforcement was contingent on the ability to perform parentally approved and admired behaviors. Parental acceptance and approval was inconsistent. |
|
|
Term
| This personality disorder has an exagerated sense of self worth. they lack empathy and are hypersenstive to the evaluation of others. They believe that they have a right to receive special consideration and that their desire is sufficient justification for possessing whatever they seek. |
|
Definition
| narcissistic personality disorder |
|
|
Term
| this person lacks humility, overly self centered, exploits others to fulfill their own desires. They dont see their behavior as inappropriate. View themselves as superior and entitled to special rights. |
|
Definition
| Narcissistic Personality Disorder |
|
|
Term
| What is the mood like for the narcissist |
|
Definition
| usually optimistic, relaxed, cheerful, and carefree but mood can change because fragile self esteem. If critized by others; rage, shame, humiliation, or dejection. |
|
|
Term
| What might a narcissist do if they do not meet self expectations or are ciritized |
|
Definition
| may turn inward adn fantasize rationalizations that convince them of their continued stature and perfection. |
|
|
Term
| What are the relationships of a narcissist like |
|
Definition
| exploitation of others for self-gratification results in impaired interpersonal relationships. Usually choose a mate that provides them with praise and positve feedback and who dont require much in return |
|
|
Term
| What was the childhood like for narcissist |
|
Definition
| child had fears, failures, or dependency needs that were responded to with criticism, disdain, or neglect. |
|
|
Term
| Because the nacissist as a child had their fears, failures, adn dependency needs met with criticism, disdain, or neglect what happened. |
|
Definition
| thy grew up with contempt for these behaviors in themselves and others and are unable to view others as sources for comfort and support. |
|
|
Term
| This personality disorder protects an image of invulnerability and self-sufficiency that conceals their true sense of emptiness and contributes to their inability to feel deeply |
|
Definition
| Narcissistic Personality Disorder |
|
|
Term
| What is interesting about the parents of narcissist |
|
Definition
| they were probably narcissist themselves and placed unrealistic expectations on the child. The child modeled the parents behavior. |
|
|
Term
| Personality disorder where the person is extremely sensitive to rejection and because of this may lead a very socially withdrawn life. they are not asocial and may actually desire companionship |
|
Definition
| Avoidant Personality Disorder |
|
|
Term
| What is the clinical picture of someone with avoidant personality disorder |
|
Definition
| They are awkward and uncomfortable in social sistuations. Others may see them as timid, withdrawn, or cold or strange. |
|
|
Term
| What is the speech like of someone with avoidant Personality disorder |
|
Definition
| slow and constrained with frequent hesitations,fragmentary thought sequences, and occasional confused and irrelevant digressions. lonely express feeling of being unwanted. |
|
|
Term
| What are the etiological implications for avoidant personality distorder |
|
Definition
| poss heridity, primary psychosocial is parental rejection and censure, often raised in families where they are belittled, abandoned, and critized, learn to be suspicious and view world as hostile and dangerous |
|
|
Term
| disorder that is characterized by "a pervasive and excessive need to be taken care of that leads to submissive and clinging behavior and fears of separation" |
|
Definition
| dependent personality disorder |
|
|
Term
| what are the characteristics of dependent personality disorder |
|
Definition
| notable lack of self worth apparent in posture, voice, and mannerisms. Passive to the desires of others. Overly generous and thoughtful and underplay own attractiveness and acheivements. Suffer these feelings in silence |
|
|
Term
| What are relationships like for dependent personality disorders |
|
Definition
| passive in relationships, others make important decisions for them. should relationship end they feel helpless because unable to care for self.rebound relationship. avoid positions of responsibility and feel anxious when pushed into them. Will do anything for acceptance even something demeaning. |
|
|
Term
| What is etiological implication for Dependant Personality disorder |
|
Definition
| infant may be genetically predisposed. Fostered in infancy when stimulation and nurturance are experienced exclusively from one source. |
|
|
Term
| How do the parents play a role in dependant personality disorder |
|
Definition
| parents who make new experiences unneccesarily easy for teh child and refuse to allow himor her to learn by experience encourage their child to give up efforts at achieving autonomy |
|
|
Term
| People with this personality disorder are serious, formal, and have difficulty expressing emotions. Over disciplined, perfectionist, preoccupied with rules.Inflexible about the way in which something should be done. and devotion to productivity over pleasure. fear of mistakes makes decisions problem. |
|
Definition
| Obsessive Compulsive Personality Disorder |
|
|
Term
| This personality disorder is maticulous and works diligently and patiently at tasks that require accuracy and discipline.organization and efficacy. rigid and unbending of rules. |
|
Definition
| Obsessive Compulsive Personality Disorder |
|
|
Term
| What is the social behavior of the Obsessive Compulsive like |
|
Definition
| polite and formal. rank conscious. igratiating with authority figures. autocratic and condemnatory with subordinates |
|
|
Term
| On appearance person seems very calm and controlled but underneath the exterior lies great deal of ambivalence, conflict, and hostility |
|
Definition
| Obsessive Compulsive Personality Disorder |
|
|
Term
| what were the parents like for the OCD personality disorder |
|
Definition
| overcontrolling, expect them to live up to imposed standard of conduct and condemn them if they do not. Praise for good behavior done way less than punishment for bad.Positive acheivement is expected, taken for granted, only occaisionaly acknowledged by parents. |
|
|
Term
| personality disorder as a pervasive pattern of negativistic attitudes adn passive resistance to demands for adequate performance in social and occupational situations that begin by early adulthood and occurs in a variety of contexts. |
|
Definition
| passive aggressive personality disorder |
|
|
Term
| This person feels cheated and unapprecaited. They believe life has been unkind to them and they express envy and resent for others easy life. |
|
Definition
| Passive aggressive personality disorder |
|
|
Term
| When they feel someone has wronged them they may go to great lengths to seek retribution, or get even but always in a subtle and passive manor and never by discussing feelings with the individual. |
|
Definition
| passive aggressive personality disorder. |
|
|
Term
| As a tactic of interpersonal behavior they will commonly switch among the roles of the martyr, the affronted ,the aggrieved, the misunderstood, the contrite, the guilt ridden, the sickly, and the overworked. So they can vent anger and resentment subtlely gaining attention and reassurance they crave |
|
Definition
| passive aggressive personality disorder |
|
|
Term
| what is the etiology for passive aggressive personality disorder |
|
Definition
| may recieve kindness and support or hostility in the family. Parental responses are inconsistent and unpredictable these children internalize conflicting attitudes toward themselves and others.Dont know if they love or hate the person they depend on |
|
|
Term
| historically there were clients that did not classically conform to the standard categorie of neuroses or psychoses. So what was designated to them as a class |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the MO for the borderline |
|
Definition
| They always seem to be in a state of crisis |
|
|
Term
| What is the affect and the behavior of the borderline |
|
Definition
| The affect is one of extreme intensity and the behavior reflects frequent changeability. Changes can occur within days, hours, or minutes. |
|
|
Term
| What is the tone of the borderine |
|
Definition
| Often these individuals exhibit a single, dominant affective tone, such as depression, which may give way periodically to anxious agitation or inappropriate outbursts of anger |
|
|
Term
| what are the implications as why depression is common in the borderline personality disorders |
|
Definition
| depression occurs in response to feelings of abandonment by the mother in early childhood.Underlying depression is a sense of rage that is sporadically turned inward on the self and externally on the environment. Usually not aware of true source of these feelings until well into long term therapy |
|
|
Term
| What was childhood history like for borderline personality disorders when they were children |
|
Definition
| reared in families with chaotic environments. "Risk factors include family environments characterized by trauma, neglect, and/or separation, exposure to sexual or physical abuse |
|
|
Term
| Who came up with the "theory of Object relations" |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the 6 Phases of Object Relations |
|
Definition
1- (Birth to 1Month) Autistic Phase
2- (1 month to 5 months) Symbiotic Phase
3- (5 months to 10 months) Differentiation Phase
4 (10 - 16 months)Practicing Phase
5 (16-24 months) Rapprochement Phase
6 (24 to 36 months)On the Way to Object Constancy Phase |
|
|
Term
| During this period of Object Relations the baby spends most of his or her time in half waking, half sleeping state. The main fulfillment of needs for survival and comfort |
|
Definition
| Phase 1 (Birth to 1 month) |
|
|
Term
| At this phase of Object Relations there is a type of psychic fusion of mother and child. The child views the self as an extension of the parenting figure, although there is a developing awareness of external sources of need fulfillment |
|
Definition
| Phase 2 (1 month to 5 months) |
|
|
Term
| During this phase of Object Relations the child is beginning to recognize that there is a separateness between the self and the parenting figure |
|
Definition
| Phase 3 (5 to 10) months Differentiation Phase |
|
|
Term
| This phase of Object Relations is characterized by increased locomotor functioning and the ability to explore the environment independently. A sense of separateness of the self is increased |
|
Definition
| Phase 4 (10-16) months Practicing Phase |
|
|
Term
| This phase of object Relations there is awareness of separateness of the self becomes acute. This is frightening to the child who wants to regain some lost closeness but not return to symbiosis. The child wants the mother there as needed for "emotional refueling" adn to maintain feelings of security |
|
Definition
| Phase 5 (16-24 Months)Rapprochment Phase |
|
|
Term
| In this phase of Object Relations the child completes the individuation process and learns to relate to objects in an effective, constant manner. A sense of separateness is established, and the child is able to internalize a sustained image of the loved object or person when out of sight. Separation anxiety is resolved |
|
Definition
| Phase 6 (24-36 months) on the way to Object Constancy Phase |
|
|
Term
| What Object Relations phase does the Boderline Personality Disorder become fixed on |
|
Definition
| The Rapprochement phase of development. This occurs when the child shows increasing separation and autonomy. Mother will reward clingy dependent behavior and punishes independent behavior (by withdrawing emotional support) |
|
|
Term
| What should the nurse be on the look out for with Borderline |
|
Definition
| Splitting- recognize when client is playing one staff member against another. It is the primary defense mechanism of these individuals. There impressions are either all good or all bad. |
|
|
Term
| Why do Borderlines have little tolerance to be alone |
|
Definition
| Because of chronic fear of abandonment. They prefer a frantic search for companionship, no matter how unsatisfactory, to sitting with feelings of lonliness,emptiness, and boredom |
|
|
Term
| What are patterns of interaction for Borderlines |
|
Definition
| Clinging and Distancing, Splitting, Manipulation, Self-Destructive behaviors, Impulsivity |
|
|
Term
| When the borderline is clinging what are they demonstrating |
|
Definition
| exhibit helpless, dependent, or even childlike behavoirs. They overidealize a single individual that they want to spend all of their time |
|
|
Term
| Describe distancing behaviors with the borderline |
|
Definition
| hostility, anger, and devaluation of others, arising from a feeling of discomfort with closeness. also occur in response to separations, confrontations, or attempts to limit certain behaviors. They discredit, undermine their strengths and personal significance. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ego defense mechanism that arises from lack of acheivement of object constancy and is manifested by an inability to integrate and accept both positive and negative feelings. people including themselves are either all good or all bad. |
|
|
Term
| To prevent separation from an individual what is a tactic of manipulation that borderlines use |
|
Definition
| play one individual against another |
|
|
Term
| How are the relatives of borderlines in relation to moods |
|
Definition
| Relatives of borderlines have more mood disorders than control groups |
|
|
Term
| What is the biochemical defect possibly with borderlines |
|
Definition
| serotonergic defect in clients with borderline personality disorder. Clients demonstrate significantly decreased frontal, superior temporal, and striatal regions of the brain. |
|
|
Term
| What is another theory about decreased serotonin in borderlines |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what types of symptoms do most schizophrenia clients exhibit |
|
Definition
| both positive and negative |
|
|
Term
| these types of schizophrenia symptoms are associated with normal brain structures on the CT scan and relatively good responses to treatment |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Negative symptoms are difficult to treat and respond less to __________than positive symptoms are are more destructive because they render the patient inert and unmotivated |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the eight categories positive and negative behavioral disturbances are categorized |
|
Definition
| content of thought, form of thought, perception, affect, sense of self, volition, impaired interpersonal functioning relationship, psychomotor behavoir |
|
|
Term
| What are the categories of positive symptoms |
|
Definition
Content of thought
Form of thought
perception
sense of self |
|
|
Term
| what are the categories of the negative symptoms of schizophrenia |
|
Definition
affect,
volition
Impaired interpersonal functioning and relationship to the external world
autism
Deteriorated Appearance
anergia
Wax Flexibility
Posturing
Pacing and rocking
Anhedonia
Regression |
|
|
Term
| What are the symptoms in Content of Thought |
|
Definition
Delusions
Religiosity
Paranoia
Magical thinking |
|
|
Term
| What are the symptoms in Form of thought |
|
Definition
Associative Looseness
neologisms
Concrete thinking
clang Associations
Word Salad
Circumstantiality
Tangentiality
Mutism
perseveration |
|
|
Term
| what are symptoms under perception |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are symptoms under sense of self |
|
Definition
Echolalia
Echopraxia
Identification and immitation
Depersonalization |
|
|
Term
| What are the symptoms under affect |
|
Definition
Inappropriate affect
Bland or flat affect
Apathy |
|
|
Term
| What are the symptoms under Volition |
|
Definition
Inability to initiate goal-directed activity
Emotional ambivalence |
|
|
Term
| What are the different types of delusions |
|
Definition
Delusion of persecution
Delusion of grandeur
Delusion of reference
Delusion of control or influence
Somatic delusion
Nihilistic delusion |
|
|
Term
| The individual feels threatened and believes that others intend to harm or persecution toward him or her in some way |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The individual has an exagerated feeling of importance, power, knowledge, or identity |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| All events within the environment are referred by the psychotic person to himself or herself ex. someone trying to get message to me through magazine and I need to break the code |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The individual believes that certain objects or persons have control over his or her behavior |
|
Definition
| Delusions of control or influence |
|
|
Term
| The individual has a false ideal about the functioning of his or her body |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The individual has a false idea that the self, a part of the self, or others, or the world is nonexistent; ex. The world no longer exists, or I have no heart |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| is an excessive demonstration of or obsession with religious ideas and behavoirs |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What might an individual with schizophrenia use religiosity for |
|
Definition
| in an attempt to provide rational meaning and structure to his or her behavior |
|
|
Term
| Individuals who suffer from this have extreme suspiciousness of others adn of their actions or perceived intentions |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| person believes that his or her thoughts or behaviors have control over specific situations or people |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| inability to experience pleasure |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the most suitable approach to individual psychotherapy for schizophrenia |
|
Definition
| reality-0riented individual therapy |
|
|
Term
| Why is establishing a relationship hard with a schizophrenic |
|
Definition
| because the individual is desperately lonely yet defends against closeness and trust |
|
|
Term
| how will a person with schizophrenia respond to attempts at closeness and trust |
|
Definition
| with suspiciousness, anxiety, aggression, or regression |
|
|
Term
| exagerated warmth and professions of friendship are often met with confusion and suspicion so what is successful intervention acheived by |
|
Definition
| honesty, simple directness, and a manner that respects privacy and human dignity |
|
|
Term
| What does group therapy for schizophrenia focus on |
|
Definition
| real-life plans, problems, and relationships |
|
|
Term
| What is group therapy effective in for schizophrenia |
|
Definition
| reducing social isolation, increasing sense of cohesiveness, and improving reality testing for patients with schizophenia |
|
|
Term
| What features of behavior therapy have led to the most positive results |
|
Definition
clearly defining goals and how they will be measured
Attaching positive, negative, and aversive reinforcements to adaptive and maladaptive behavoir
using simple, concrete instructions adn prompts to elicit the desired behavior |
|
|
Term
| What has become the most widely used psychosocial intervention in the treatment of schizophrenia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the hallmark of schizophrenia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Without drug treatment what percent of individuals who have experienced a psychotic episode relapse within a year |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The prognosis of schizophrenia is often reported in the paradigm of thrids explain |
|
Definition
1/3 have lasting improvement & never have another psychotic break
1/3 achieve some improvement with intermittent relapses and residual disability
1/3 experience severe and permanent incapacity |
|
|
Term
| These antipsychotics are used in the treatment of bipolar mania |
|
Definition
| olanzapine, aripiprazole, chlorpromazine, quetiapine, risperidone, ziprasidone |
|
|
Term
| these antipsychotics are used in the treatment of an antiemetic |
|
Definition
| chlorpromazine, plerphenazine, prochlorperazine |
|
|
Term
| This anitpsychotic is used in the treatment of intractable hiccoughs |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| this anitpsychotic is used to treat vocal utterances and tics in tourettes disorder |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How do typical antipsychotics work |
|
Definition
| by blocking postsynaptic dopamine receptors in the basal ganglia, hypothalmus, limbic system, brainstem and medulla |
|
|
Term
| these are weaker dopamine receptor antagonists than the conventional antipsychotics but are more potent antagonists of the serotonin type 2 A receptors |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the interaction between antipsychotics and antihypertensive agents |
|
Definition
| Typical antipsychotics have additive hypotensive effects when taken with antihypertensive agents |
|
|
Term
| Blockage of Dopamine receptors are thought to be responsible for controlling what |
|
Definition
| Blockage of Dopamine receptors is thought to be responsible for controlling positive symptoms of schizophrenia |
|
|
Term
| What else does dopamine blockage result in |
|
Definition
EPS (extrapyramidal symptoms)
and
prolactin elevation |
|
|
Term
| What does cholinergic blockade cause |
|
Definition
anticholingergic side effects
dry mouth, blurred vision, constipation, urinary retention, tachycardia |
|
|
Term
| Blockage of alpha adrenergic receptors produces what |
|
Definition
| dizziness, orthostatic hypotension, tremors, adn reflex tachycardia |
|
|
Term
| What is histamine blockade associated with |
|
Definition
|
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